初中英語中的“主謂一致”

1、初中英語中的初中英語中的“主謂一致主謂一致”This is It was built inThere are two floorsThe food there isThe goods there areMost people like 英語中主語和謂語保持一致叫主謂一致，即謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須隨著主語單、復(fù)數(shù)形式變化而變化。考查主謂一致的常見題型有單項(xiàng)選擇和時(shí)態(tài)填空等。突破這類題目的方法是熟練掌握主謂一致的原則做題時(shí)仔細(xì)比較，分析，以提高做題的精確度。n一、最基本的主謂一致規(guī)則n最基本的“主謂一致”規(guī)則是：“單則單，復(fù)則復(fù)”，即主語為單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也用相應(yīng)的單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也用

2、相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。n但要注意：當(dāng)表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、距離、金錢、度量等詞組作主語時(shí)，常將其看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。n另外，加減乘除也常當(dāng)作整體對(duì)待，謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。e.g. I am a teacher. They go to the movies once a week.e.g. Four plus six is ten. e.g.Ten dollars is enough.n二、集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的使用nfamily, class, teamfamily, class, team等集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若指一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但若指其成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

3、e.g. The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now.n三、politics, physics, works, the United States, news, maths等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的使用n這類詞語貌似復(fù)數(shù)，意義上卻是單數(shù)的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。n但要注意有些名詞，如：peoplepeople(人；人們), policepolice等形式為單數(shù)，意義是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 e.g. The news is very exciting. Physics is a bit difficult fo

4、r me.e.g. People there are very friendly.n四、兩個(gè)主語用and連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的使用 and連接兩個(gè)名詞(或代詞)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 但要注意：and連接的兩個(gè)名詞只表示一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。e.g.Mary and Helen are good friends.e.g. A singer and dancer is coming. 一個(gè)歌手兼舞蹈家就要來了。一個(gè)歌手兼舞蹈家就要來了。五、many a 單數(shù)名詞 (許多) ；more than one 單數(shù)名詞(不止一); each A and each B ; every

5、A and every B 等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) e.g. Every hour and every minute is important. More than one person here is going to find a new job. n六、不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的使用n1.something, everything, anything, nothing, 1.something, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyoneeverybody, anybody

6、, nobody, everyone, anyone等不 定 代 詞 ， 以 及e i t h e re i t h e r （ e i t h e r o f ) , e i t h e r o f ) , neither(neither of), each (each of), each one, neither(neither of), each (each of), each one, no oneno one等代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 e.g. Neither of the answers is right. Something is wrong with my compu

7、ter. 2.both, few, a few, many, several, other等它們所修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 e.g. A few people live to 100, but few people live to 150. Many of them have computers. n七、單數(shù)名詞作主語,盡管后面有with, as well as, like，except, but等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式 e.g. 1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library. 2. Is the w

8、oman like your mother? 3. No one except the teachers knows the answer.n八、動(dòng)詞不定式(或動(dòng)詞不定式短語)，V-ing形式以及名詞性從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 1.To eat in a fast food restaurant 1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time. is cheap and saves time. 2.Climbing hills is good exercise. 2.Climbing hills is good ex

9、ercise. n九、在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞九、在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞who, which, that 作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)也先行作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)也先行詞保持一致。詞保持一致。 Those who want to go should meet here. Tom likes music that has great lyrics. n十. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的就近原則 There be 句型中的be動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致。e.g.There is a teacher,a desk, some desks and some chairs in the c

10、lassroom.n十一、并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞（ neither. nor., either.or., not.but.，not only. but also.）連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致，即就近原則。nbothand表示“和都”，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Neither he nor I know anything about it.Not only the students but also the teacher visited the museum.e.g.Both his father and mother are doctors.There be _

11、A _ and _ B _Either _A_ or_ B _Neither_A_nor_B_Not only_A_but also_B_動(dòng)詞Thinking makes Thinking makes you cleveryou clever就近原則就近原則n主謂一致正誤辨析主謂一致正誤辨析n同學(xué)們?cè)谥髦^一致問題上經(jīng)常會(huì)犯判斷失誤的錯(cuò)誤，現(xiàn)將有關(guān)主謂一致現(xiàn)象的難點(diǎn)歸納如下： n一、主語為單數(shù)集體名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況一、主語為單數(shù)集體名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況n 例例11警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。n 誤誤 The police is searching the c

12、ity for a The police is searching the city for a thief.thief.n 正正 The police are searching the city for a The police are searching the city for a thief.thief.n 析析 police police，peoplepeople，cattle(cattle(牛牛) )等詞雖然形式上是等詞雖然形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。單數(shù)，但意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n 例例22在我國(guó)老人受到很好的照顧。在我國(guó)老人受到很好的

13、照顧。n 誤誤 The old is taken good care of in our The old is taken good care of in our country.country.n 正正 The old are taken good care of in our The old are taken good care of in our country.country.n 析析 某些形容詞前加上定冠詞某些形容詞前加上定冠詞thethe，如，如the oldthe old，the youngthe young，the deadthe dead，the richthe rich，

14、the sickthe sick等，用以表示一類人時(shí)，等，用以表示一類人時(shí)，其意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n二、主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況二、主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況n 例例11紐約時(shí)報(bào)紐約時(shí)報(bào)是流行于美國(guó)各地的報(bào)紙。是流行于美國(guó)各地的報(bào)紙。n 誤誤 The New York Times are read all over the The New York Times are read all over the United States.United States.n 正正 The New York Times is read al

15、l over the The New York Times is read all over the United States.United States.n 析析 當(dāng)表示國(guó)家、城市、人名、書名、報(bào)紙、雜志及組當(dāng)表示國(guó)家、城市、人名、書名、報(bào)紙、雜志及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語時(shí)，通常把它們作為整體看待，織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞作主語時(shí)，通常把它們作為整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。n 例例22這條褲子是他哥哥的。這條褲子是他哥哥的。n 誤誤 This pair of trousers are his brothers.This pair of trousers are his

16、brothers.n 正正 This pair of trousers is his brothers.This pair of trousers is his brothers.n 析析 一些由兩個(gè)相同部分組成一體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如一些由兩個(gè)相同部分組成一體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如trouserstrousers，glassesglasses，shoesshoes等，作主語時(shí)，若前面有等，作主語時(shí)，若前面有“一一條條”、“一副一副”、“一把一把”之類的量詞，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，之類的量詞，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，不帶量詞時(shí)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。不帶量詞時(shí)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n三、主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)

17、用單數(shù)，有三、主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)用單數(shù)，有時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)的情況時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 例例11他家里人正等著他。他家里人正等著他。n 誤誤 His family isHis family is waiting for him.waiting for him.n 正正 His family are waiting for him.His family are waiting for him.n 析析 有些集體名詞，如有些集體名詞，如familyfamily，classclass，groupgroup，teamteam，nationnation，couplecouple等，作主語時(shí)，若等，作主語時(shí)，若

18、作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果就其作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員考慮，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。中一個(gè)個(gè)成員考慮，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。n 例例22我們需要許多食物。我們需要許多食物。n 誤誤 Lots of food are needed by us.Lots of food are needed by us.n 正正 Lots of food is needed by us.Lots of food is needed by us.n 析析 a lot of / lots of / plenty of+ a lot of / lots of / plenty o

19、f+名詞名詞 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)依據(jù)名詞的數(shù)而定。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)依據(jù)名詞的數(shù)而定。n四、并列主語與謂語動(dòng)詞數(shù)的一致的情況四、并列主語與謂語動(dòng)詞數(shù)的一致的情況n 例例11那位教師兼作家來參加會(huì)議了。那位教師兼作家來參加會(huì)議了。n 誤誤 The teacher and writer have come to the The teacher and writer have come to the meetingmeeting. .n 正正 The teacher and writer has come to the The teacher and writer has come to t

20、he meeting.meeting.n 析析 由由andand連接的兩個(gè)連接的兩個(gè)( (或兩個(gè)以上或兩個(gè)以上) )單數(shù)主語，指同一人，單數(shù)主語，指同一人，同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。n 例例22每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有受教育的權(quán)利。每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有受教育的權(quán)利。n 誤誤 Every boy and every girl have the right to Every boy and every girl have the right to cation.n 正正 Every boy and every girl has

21、 the right to Every boy and every girl has the right to cation.n 析析 由由andand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語，若前面有連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語，若前面有everyevery，eacheach等限定時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。等限定時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。nn五、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂語一致五、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂語一致n 例例11和這些孩子們交談是一件愉快的事。和這些孩子們交談是一件愉快的事。n 誤誤 To tallk with the children are a great To tallk with the childr

22、en are a great pleasure.pleasure.n 正正 To talk with the children is a great pleasure.To talk with the children is a great pleasure.n 析析 該句是不定式作主語，表示單一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單該句是不定式作主語，表示單一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。數(shù)形式。n 例例22一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎一切都準(zhǔn)備好了，是嗎? ?n 誤誤 Everything are readyEverything are ready，arent they?arent they?n 正正 Everythin

23、g is readyEverything is ready，isnt it?isnt it?n析析 everything，something，nothing等作主語時(shí)，陳述句等作主語時(shí)，陳述句部分謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，附加疑問句中謂語動(dòng)詞和相應(yīng)部分謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，附加疑問句中謂語動(dòng)詞和相應(yīng)代詞都只可用單數(shù)形式。代詞都只可用單數(shù)形式。 不定代詞不定代詞everybody，someone, anyone，nobody等作主語等作主語時(shí)，陳述句部分謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但是，在附加時(shí)，陳述句部分謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但是，在附加疑問句中謂語動(dòng)詞與相應(yīng)代詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。疑問句中謂語動(dòng)詞與相應(yīng)代詞

24、多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Everyone is having fun, arent they?1.Behind the house _(be)some trees.2.Every student and every teacher _(come) to school on time in the morning.3.No man and no woman _(like) these shoes.4.He or she _(have) gone there.5.What he said_(sound) reasonable.6. “I”_(be) the ninth letter.Can you wor

25、k them out?Can you work them out?arecomeslikeshassoundsisTrue gold fears not the fire.找出各句中的錯(cuò)誤找出各句中的錯(cuò)誤1.A number of students has seen the film. 2.This kind of apples taste very good. 3.Not only my classroom but also my teacher are fond of sports.4.The Greens has returned to England. 5.Those who only

26、 thinks of themselves can never be happy. 6.When each person come in ,they must show their tickets .have tastesishavethinkcomesThink carefullyn鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)n1. A woman with a baby_ coming here.1. A woman with a baby_ coming here.nA. is B. are A. is B. are n2. The girl as well as the boys _learned to 2. T

27、he girl as well as the boys _learned to drive a car.drive a car.nA. has B. have A. has B. have n3. Whenever anything_, please stay here 3. Whenever anything_, please stay here quietly.quietly.nA. happens B. happen A. happens B. happen n4. Many a man_ the story.4. Many a man_ the story.nA. believe B.

28、 believesA. believe B. believesn“many a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”形式上為單數(shù)，但意義形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上為復(fù)數(shù)上為復(fù)數(shù)(意為意為“許多許多”)，若用作主語，其謂語通，若用作主語，其謂語通常與形式一致而不與意義一致常與形式一致而不與意義一致(即謂語用單數(shù)即謂語用單數(shù))。 n5. A year and a half_ already passed.5. A year and a half_ already passed.nA.A. has B. have has B. have n6. Twelve percent of the workers here_

29、 women.6. Twelve percent of the workers here_ women.nA. is B. areA. is B. are AAABABn7. His family_ watching TV.7. His family_ watching TV.nA. is B. are A. is B. are n8. Bread and butter_ their daily food.8. Bread and butter_ their daily food.nA. isA. isB. are B. are n9. Not only a pen but also two books 9. Not only a pen but also two books _lost._lost.A. w