基于51單片機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)易音樂播放器

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 基于單片機(jī)的電子琴課程設(shè)計(jì)一：課程目的以及要求用51單片機(jī)作為主控電路設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)電子琴，實(shí)現(xiàn)能通過切換不同的鍵盤按鍵來切換歌曲。二：課程設(shè)計(jì)背景：電子琴是現(xiàn)代電子科技與音樂結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，是一種新型的鍵盤樂器。它在現(xiàn)代音樂扮演著重要的角色，單片機(jī)具有強(qiáng)大的控制功能和靈活的編程實(shí)現(xiàn)特性，它已經(jīng)溶入現(xiàn)代人們的生活中，成為不可替代的一部分。本文的主要內(nèi)容是用STC89C52單片機(jī)為核心控制元件，設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)電子琴。以單片機(jī)作為主控核心，與鍵盤、揚(yáng)聲器等模塊組成核心主控制模塊。本文主要對(duì)使用單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)易電子琴進(jìn)行了分析，并介紹了基于單片機(jī)電子琴統(tǒng)硬件組成。利用單片機(jī)產(chǎn)生不同頻率來獲

2、得我們要求的音階，最終可隨意彈奏想要表達(dá)的音樂。并且本文分別從原理圖，主要芯片，各模塊原理及各模塊的程序的調(diào)試來詳細(xì)闡述。三：系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)3.1系統(tǒng)框圖51單片機(jī)AT89C51按鍵鍵盤音頻輸出3.2 51單片機(jī)產(chǎn)生音符原理MCS-5l單片機(jī)有兩個(gè)定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器。系統(tǒng)使用定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器0產(chǎn)生方波。定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器l刖用于記錄音符的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，即按鍵持續(xù)的時(shí)問。定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器0的工作方式是l，即為16位定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器。16位定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器被賦予一個(gè)初值，并開始記數(shù)。當(dāng)記數(shù)溢出，產(chǎn)生中斷后，中斷服務(wù)程序?qū)⑴c蜂鳴器連接的引腳電平置反，并且對(duì)定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器再賦初值，重新開始記效。之后產(chǎn)生中斷，引腳電平再被置反，如此周而復(fù)始，

3、在引腳上就能產(chǎn)生一個(gè)頻率與定時(shí)初值有關(guān)的方波信號(hào)。而定時(shí)初值與音符頻率有關(guān)，相應(yīng)頻率的確定，可參照12平均律，相鄰兩個(gè)半音A和B的頻率之間的關(guān)系為：A=B1221。定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器l的作用為記錄音符的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，工作方式為l，即16位定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器。在12MHZ的晶體振蕩器F，單片機(jī)的機(jī)器周期為l“S。本系統(tǒng)中，定時(shí)器計(jì)數(shù)器l以10ms的時(shí)長(zhǎng)為l定時(shí)單位，記錄音符持續(xù)了多少個(gè)定時(shí)單位，如此，使用一個(gè)unmgnedchar型變量既可以記錄2.55s的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，這在用于記錄一般彈奏的音符時(shí)是足夠的。而若一個(gè)音符的時(shí)長(zhǎng)超過2.55S，則程序?qū)⒃跀?shù)組該位記滿時(shí)強(qiáng)制跳轉(zhuǎn)，并復(fù)制此音符信息至教組下一位來記錄該音符剩余的時(shí)

4、長(zhǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)一種。無縫連接”。如此以來，在存儲(chǔ)空間允許的情況下，系統(tǒng)允許記錄任意時(shí)長(zhǎng)的音符。音樂是由音符和時(shí)長(zhǎng)組成，單片機(jī)將一連串音符和時(shí)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間序列以兩組對(duì)應(yīng)的敬組的形式保存起來，也就是保存了一段音樂2。四 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 4.1 單片機(jī)產(chǎn)生音符過程：一首音樂是許多不同的音階組成的，而每個(gè)音階對(duì)應(yīng)著不同的頻率，這樣我們就可以利用不同的頻率的組合，即可構(gòu)成我們所想要的音樂了，當(dāng)然對(duì)于單片機(jī)來產(chǎn)生不同的頻率非常方便，我們可以利用單片機(jī)的定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器T0來產(chǎn)生這樣方波頻率信號(hào)，因此，我們只要把一首歌曲的音階對(duì)應(yīng)頻率關(guān)系正確即可。若要產(chǎn)生音頻脈沖，只要算出某一音頻的周期（1/頻率），再將此周期除以2，即為

5、半周期的時(shí)間。利用定時(shí)器計(jì)時(shí)半周期時(shí)間，每當(dāng)計(jì)時(shí)終止后就將P1.0反相，然后重復(fù)計(jì)時(shí)再反相。就可在P1.0引腳上得到此頻率的脈沖。 利用STC89C52的內(nèi)部定時(shí)器使其工作計(jì)數(shù)器模式（MODE1）下，改變計(jì)數(shù)值TH0及TL0以產(chǎn)生不同頻率的方法產(chǎn)生不同音階，例如，頻率為523Hz，其周期T1/5231912s，因此只要令計(jì)數(shù)器計(jì)時(shí)956s/1s956，每計(jì)數(shù)956次時(shí)將I/O反相，就可得到中音DO（523Hz）。計(jì)數(shù)脈沖值與頻率的關(guān)系式(如式2-1所示)是：N=fi÷2÷fr式中，N是計(jì)數(shù)值；fi是機(jī)器頻率（晶體振蕩器為12MHz時(shí)，其頻率為1MHz）；fr是想要產(chǎn)生的頻率

6、。其計(jì)數(shù)初值T的求法如下：T65536N65536fi÷2÷fr例如：設(shè)K65536，fi1MHz，求低音DO（261Hz）、中音DO（523Hz）、高音DO（1046Hz）的計(jì)數(shù)值。T65536N65536fi÷2÷fr65536÷2÷fr65536/fr 低音DO的T65536/26263627 中音DO的T65536/52364580 高音DO的T65536/1046650594.2 程序編寫流程圖開始P1.0=0鍵盤掃描是否有鍵被按下？并檢測(cè)確定按鍵執(zhí)行輸出電路，讀相應(yīng)程序進(jìn)行放歌五：調(diào)試過程5.1 軟件仿真調(diào)試軟件仿真調(diào)試主

7、要是針對(duì)單片機(jī)部分進(jìn)行調(diào)試。在軟件運(yùn)行前，先確保電路中連線正確，這一工作是整個(gè)調(diào)試工作的第一步，也是非常重要的一個(gè)步驟。在這部分調(diào)試中主要通過目測(cè)，用來完成檢測(cè)電路中是否存在斷路或者短路情況等。在確保軟件仿真電路正常，無異常情況(斷路或短路)方可進(jìn)行軟件運(yùn)行，在本次設(shè)計(jì)中，主要檢測(cè)單片機(jī)的程序功能是否正確在理論上編寫的程序是否可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。確保自己的電路板在理論上是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的。5.2實(shí)物調(diào)試過程：1.先確保電路板是否每條銅線支路都是導(dǎo)通的才能進(jìn)行下一步調(diào)試2.在檢測(cè)好每條通路沒有斷路的的情況下還要排除短路的情況，因?yàn)樵诤附訒r(shí)會(huì)有可能將焊錫絲掉到兩根銅線之間。3.將下好程序的單片機(jī)安裝好后上電檢測(cè)單片

8、機(jī)的主要管腳電壓值以確定單片機(jī)是否正常工作。4.在所有上訴步驟都正確的情況下，要是功能為實(shí)現(xiàn)就要考慮軟件編寫是否正確。5.3 本次出現(xiàn)的一些問題以及解決方法1.電路斷線情況比較多，是由于腐蝕和轉(zhuǎn)印的過程出現(xiàn)了一些問題2.開始設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候在每個(gè)按鍵的之路上添加一個(gè)紅色二極管作為指示功能，但未考慮到編寫的程序是按鍵掃描過程是檢測(cè)單片機(jī)引腳是否為低電平，當(dāng)加了一個(gè)二極管的時(shí)候會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)管壓降，導(dǎo)致引腳不能產(chǎn)生低電平。所以該指示燈不能直接加到引腳處。六：體會(huì)：通過從理論到實(shí)際實(shí)物的制作能夠讓我們結(jié)合自己所學(xué)去應(yīng)用到實(shí)際的電路設(shè)計(jì)中去。讓我們能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)一些課堂中學(xué)習(xí)的不足然后結(jié)合實(shí)踐鞏固一些單片機(jī)的控制以及

9、內(nèi)部的一些功能使用；比如對(duì)T0定時(shí)器以及外部中斷的程序控制。我們應(yīng)該多通過實(shí)踐來學(xué)習(xí)和鞏固自己一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)。七：附錄7.1系統(tǒng)原理圖：7.2程序：#include <REG51.H>#define uchar unsigned charsbit beepIO=P37;sbit key_1=P10;sbit key_2=P11;sbit key_3=P12;sbit key_4=P13;sbit key_5=P14;sbit key_6=P15;sbit key_7=P16;sbit key_8=P17;uchar m,n; uchar code T492=0,0,0xF8,0x8B,

10、0xF8,0xF2,0xF9,0x5B,0xF9,0xB7,0xFA,0x14,0xFA,0x66,0xFA,0xB9,0xFB,0x03,0xFB,0x4A,0xFB,0x8F,0xFB,0xCF,0xFC,0x0B,0xFC,0x43,0xFC,0x78,0xFC,0xAB,0xFC,0xDB,0xFD,0x08,0xFD,0x33,0xFD,0x5B,0xFD,0x81,0xFD,0xA5,0xFD,0xC7,0xFD,0xE7,0xFE,0x05,0xFE,0x21,0xFE,0x3C,0xFE,0x55,0xFE,0x6D,0xFE,0x84,0xFE,0x99,0xFE,0xAD,

11、0xFE,0xC0,0xFE,0x02,0xFE,0xE3,0xFE,0xF3,0xFF,0x02,0xFF,0x10,0xFF,0x1D,0xFF,0x2A,0xFF,0x36,0xFF,0x42,0xFF,0x4C,0xFF,0x56,0xFF,0x60,0xFF,0x69,0xFF,0x71,0xFF,0x79,0xFF,0x81;uchar code music12=0,4,27,4,19,4,19,4,27,4,26,4,26,2,27,2,24,8,22,4,17,4,24,4,22,4,19,16,15,4,12,4,12,4,15,4,17,8,19,8,26,6,26,2,2

12、6,4,24,4,24,4,19,4,19,8,27,4,19,4,19,4,27,4,26,4,26,2,27,2,24,6,24,2,22,4,17,4,24,4,22,4,19,16,15,4,12,4,12,4,15,4,17,8,19,8,19,6,19,2,19,4,17,4,14,4,14,4,14,4,7,4,12,24,0xFF,0xFF;uchar code music22=0,4,23,4,21,4,23,16,23,4,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,16,16,4,19,4,21,8,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,4,16,4,19,4,14,24,23,4

13、,21,4,23,16,23,4,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,24,16,4,19,4,21,8,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,4,16,4,19,4,21,24,23,4,21,4,23,16,23,4,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,16,16,4,19,4,21,8,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,4,16,4,19,4,14,24,23,4,26,4,26,16,26,4,28,4,26,4,23,24,21,4,23,4,21,8,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,4,16,4,16,2,19,2,19,24,0,20,26,4,26,4,28,4,31,4,

14、30,4,30,4,28,4,23,4,21,4,21,4,23,16,0,4,23,4,23,4,26,4,28,8,28,12,16,4,23,4,21,4,21,24,23,4,26,4,26,4,23,4,26,8,0,4,31,8,30,4,28,4,30,4,23,8,0,4,28,4,28,4,30,4,28,4,26,4,23,4,21,8,23,4,21,4,23,4,26,16,0xFF,0xFF; uchar code music32=0,4,16,12,23,16,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,12,0,8,19,4,19,4,19,4,18,4,16,8,14,

15、4,16,16,0,16,16,12,28,16,26,4,28,4,26,4,23,8,0,16,21,4,21,4,21,4,21,4,19,8,16,4,18,16,0,12,16,12,23,16,21,4,23,4,21,4,19,8,0,16,19,4,19,4,19,4,18,4,16,8,14,4,16,16,0,12,16,12,28,16,26,4,28,4,26,4,23,16,0,12,28,4,28,4,28,4,30,4,28,8,26,4,28,24,0,12,28,4,28,2,26,2,23,4,23,4,28,4,28,2,26,2,28,4,31,4,26

16、,6,23,2,26,4,28,4,26,16,21,4,21,2,19,2,16,4,16,4,21,4,21,2,19,2,21,4,23,4,19,6,16,2,19,4,16,4,14,16,28,4,28,2,26,2,23,4,23,4,28,4,28,2,26,2,28,4,28,4,31,4,31,2,28,2,26,4,26,4,31,4,31,2,26,2,31,4,31,4,0,4,31,4,31,4,31,4,30,4,28,8,26,4,28,24,28,4,28,2,26,2,23,4,23,4,28,4,28,2,26,2,28,4,31,4,26,6,23,2,

17、26,4,28,4,26,16,21,4,21,2,19,2,16,4,16,4,21,4,21,2,19,2,21,4,23,4,19,6,16,2,19,4,16,4,14,16,28,4,28,2,26,2,23,4,23,4,28,4,28,2,26,2,28,4,28,4,31,4,31,2,28,2,26,4,26,4,31,4,31,2,26,2,31,4,31,4,0,4, 31,4,31,4,31,4,30,4,28,8,26,4,28,20, 0,4,31,4,31,4,31,4,30,4,28,8,26,4,28,24,0xFF,0xFF;uchar code music

18、42=0,4,14,4,17,4,21,4,24,4,21,8,21,4,19,4,21,8,21,4,19,4,21,8,14,4,16,4,17,4,21,4,19,4,17,4,14,8,12,8,9,24,14,4,17,4,21,4,24,4,21,8,21,4,19,4,21,8,21,4,19,4,21,8,14,4,16,4,17,4,21,4,19,4,17,4,14,8,12,8,14,24,14,4,16,4,17,4,19,4,21,4,22,4,24,8,22,4,21,4,19,8,19,4,21,4,19,16,14,4,16,4,17,4,19,4,21,8,1

19、6,4,14,4,16,24,14,4,16,4,17,4,19,4,21,4,22,4,24,8,22,4,21,4,19,8,19,4,21,4,19,8,14,4,16,4,17,4,21,4,19,4,17,4,14,8,12,8,14,24,21,8,26,16,24,8,21,4,24,4,26,16,24,8,21,4,19,4,17,4,14,4,17,4,19,4,21,8,21,4,19,4,21,24,21,8,26,16,24,8,21,4,24,4,26,24,24,8,21,4,19,4,17,4,14,4,17,4,19,4,21,8,26,4,24,4,26,2

20、4,0xFF,0xFF;uchar code music52=0,4,19,4,19,4,19,8,14,8,23,4,23,4,23,8,19,8,19,4,23,4,26,8,26,8,24,4,23,4,21,16,21,4,23,4,24,8,24,8,23,4,21,4,23,8,19,8,19,4,23,4,21,8,14,8,18,4,21,4,19,16,0xFF,0xFF;uchar code music62=0,4,15,4,27,4,26,8,24,4,24,4,22,8,17,2,19,8,17,2,19,2,15,8,15,2,0,2,15,4,27,4,26,8,2

21、4,4,24,4,22,8,17,4,19,14,0,2,15,4,17,4,19,4,22,4,27,4,26,8,24,4,24,4,22,8,17,2,19,8,17,2,19,2,15,8,12,4,15,4,17,8,19,8,12,4,15,4,17,4,19,4,17,8,15,14,0,2,0,8,0,8,17,4,29,4,28,8,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,2,21,8,19,2,21,2,17,8,17,2,0,2,17,4,29,4,28,8,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,4,21,14,0,2,17,4,19,4,21,4,24,4,29,4,28,8

22、,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,2,21,8,19,2,21,2,17,8,14,4,17,4,19,8,21,8,14,4,17,4,19,4,21,4,19,8,17,14,0,2,17,4,29,4,28,8,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,2,21,8,19,2,21,2,17,8,17,2,0,2,17,4,29,4,28,8,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,4,21,14,0,2,17,4,19,4,21,4,24,4,29,4,28,8,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,2,21,8,19,2,21,2,17,8,14,4,17,4,19,8,21,8,14,4,

23、17,4,19,4,21,4,19,8,17,14,0,2,17,4,29,4,28,8,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,2,21,8,19,2,21,2,17,8,17,2,0,2,17,4,29,4,28,8,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,4,21,14,0,2,17,4,19,4,21,4,24,4,29,4,28,8,26,4,26,4,24,8,19,2,21,8,19,2,21,2,17,8,14,4,17,4,19,8,21,8,14,4,17,4,19,4,21,4,19,8,17,14,0,2,0,8,0xFF,0xFF;uchar code music72=0,4

24、,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,6,18,2,18,4,18,4,13,4,14,2,16,2,14,16,0,8,0,4,11,4,16,2,16,2,16,2,16,2,16,6,16,2,16,4,18,4,20,4,20,4,13,16,0,8,0,4,13,4,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,6,18,2,25,4,25,4,23,16,0,8,0,8,0,4,20,4,20,4,20,6,20,2,20,6,20,6,13,2,21,4,20,2,21,2,20,16,0,8,0,4,13,4,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,6,18,2

25、,18,4,18,4,13,4,14,2,16,2,14,16,0,8,0,4,11,4,16,2,16,2,16,2,16,2,16,6,16,2,16,4,18,4,20,4,20,4,13,16,0,8,0,4,13,4,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,6,18,2,18,6,18,2,25,4,25,4,23,16,0,8,0,8,0,4,20,2,20,2,20,6,20,2,20,6,20,2,20,4,18,2,20,2,18,16,0,8,0,4,25,4,30,2,25,2,25,2,25,2,25,6,21,2,18,6,13,2,13,4,25,4,23,1

26、6,0,8,0,4,13,4,28,2,28,2,28,2,28,2,28,6,28,2,28,6,30,2,32,2,32,6,25,16,0,8,0,4,25,4,30,2,25,2,25,2,25,2,25,6,21,2,18,6,13,2,13,4,25,4,23,16,0,8,0,8,0,4,23,2,23,2,23,6,23,2,23,6,13,2,20,6,20,2,18,16,13,4,0xFF,0xFF;uchar code music82=0,4,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,6,18,2,18,4,18,4,13,4,14,2,16,2,14,16,0,8

27、,0,4,11,4,16,2,16,2,16,2,16,2,16,6,16,2,16,4,18,4,20,4,20,4,13,16,0,8,0,4,13,4,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,6,18,2,25,4,25,4,23,16,0,8,0,8,0,4,20,4,20,4,20,6,20,2,20,6,20,6,13,2,21,4,20,2,21,2,20,16,0,8,0,4,13,4,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,6,18,2,18,4,18,4,13,4,14,2,16,2,14,16,0,8,0,4,11,4,16,2,16,2,16,2,16,2,

28、16,6,16,2,16,4,18,4,20,4,20,4,13,16,0,8,0,4,13,4,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,2,18,6,18,2,18,6,18,2,25,4,25,4,23,16,0,8,0,8,0,4,20,2,20,2,20,6,20,2,20,6,20,2,20,4,18,2,20,2,18,16,0,8,0,4,25,4,30,2,25,2,25,2,25,2,25,6,21,2,18,6,13,2,13,4,25,4,23,16,0,8,0,4,13,4,28,2,28,2,28,2,28,2,28,6,28,2,28,6,30,2,32,2,32,6,

29、25,16,0,8,0,4,25,4,30,2,25,2,25,2,25,2,25,6,21,2,18,6,13,2,13,4,25,4,23,16,0,8,0,8,0,4,23,2,23,2,23,6,23,2,23,6,13,2,20,6,20,2,18,16,13,4,0xFF,0xFF;void delay(uchar p) uchar i,j; for(;p>0;p-) for(i=181;i>0;i-) for(j=181;j>0;j-);void pause() uchar i,j; for(i=150;i>0;i-) for(j=150;j>0;j

30、-);void T0_int() interrupt 1 beepIO=!beepIO; TH0=Tm0; TL0=Tm1;void main() uchar i=0; while(1)P1=0xff; while(!key_1)TMOD=0x01; EA=1; ET0=1; while(1) m=music2i0;n=music2i1; if(m=0x00) TR0=0;delay(n);i+; else if(m=0xFF) TR0=0;delay(30);i=0; else if(m=music2i+10) TR0=1;delay(n);TR0=0;pause();i+; else TR

31、0=1;delay(n);i+;while(!(key_2) TMOD=0x01; EA=1; ET0=1; while(1) m=music1i0;n=music1i1; if(m=0x00) TR0=0;delay(n);i+; else if(m=0xFF) TR0=0;delay(30);i=0; else if(m=music1i+10) TR0=1;delay(n);TR0=0;pause();i+; else TR0=1;delay(n);i+; while(!key_3)TMOD=0x01; EA=1; ET0=1; while(1) m=music3i0;n=music3i1; if(m=0x00) TR0=0;delay(n);i+; else if(m=0xFF) TR0=0;delay(30);i=0; else if(m=music3i+10) TR0=1;delay(n);TR0=0;pause();i+; else TR0=1;delay(n);i+;while(!key_4)TMOD=0x01; EA=1; ET0=1; while(1) m=music4i0;n=music4i1; if(m=0x00) TR0=0;delay(n);i+; els