中考英語語法第十八講--非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、12非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞特殊動(dòng)詞的搭配特殊動(dòng)詞的搭配動(dòng)詞不定式與介詞動(dòng)詞不定式與介詞to詞組總結(jié)詞組總結(jié)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞34 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞: :在句中不單獨(dú)作謂語的動(dòng)詞叫非在句中不單獨(dú)作謂語的動(dòng)詞叫非謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞。例例: He likes to read the novel.: He likes to read the novel.例：例：He enjoyed traveling around world.He enjoyed traveling around world.例：例：John made Tom go with him

2、.John made Tom go with him.解析：解析： 英語的單句中，可能有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞英語的單句中，可能有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞2 2根據(jù)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞1 1的而變化。而我們看到的動(dòng)詞的而變化。而我們看到的動(dòng)詞2 2，及，及(to (to do, doing, donedo, doing, done等形式，就是非謂語動(dòng)詞）等形式，就是非謂語動(dòng)詞） 5 單句中的動(dòng)詞1與動(dòng)詞2， 動(dòng)詞1是謂語，有各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的變化 動(dòng)詞2根據(jù)動(dòng)詞1而變化 例: He wanted to do that I am enjoying seeing the film Let us go!6非謂語動(dòng)詞的種類

3、非謂語動(dòng)詞的種類1.不定式 to do 有還沒有做的含義.2.動(dòng)名詞doing 表示抽象的名詞意義3.現(xiàn)在分詞doing 表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的意義.4.過去分詞done 表示被動(dòng)或完成的意義.789v.to doV ving只加不帶toto do, doing意思相同意思相同絕大部分動(dòng)詞是此形式詳見第9篇Let/make sb dobegin/start/like to do, doing意思不同意思不同do或doing詳見10-17篇see, watch, observe, notice等等詳見18篇10只加ving的詞 Avoid避免; consider考慮; delay拖延; deny否認(rèn);

4、 dislike不喜歡; enjoy欣賞; excuse原諒; fancy幻想; forgive原諒; finish完成; imagine設(shè)想; keep保持; mind介意; pardon原諒; prevent阻止; practise練習(xí); resist堅(jiān)持; risk冒險(xiǎn); suggest建議; understand理解- 11動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同stop to do forget to doremember to do regret to docease to do try to dogo on to doBe afraid to do mean to dosto

5、p doing forget doingremember doing regret doingcease doing try doinggo on doingBe afraid doing mean doing12 1) stop doing/to do stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。停止做某事。 They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他們停下來，抽他們停下來，抽了根煙。了根煙。 I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。我必須戒煙了。 典型例題典型例題 She re

6、ached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have restedB. resting C. to restD. rest 答案：答案：C。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個(gè)路邊。由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇stop to do sth. 停下來停下來去做另一件事去做另一件事。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。不正確。13 2) forg

7、et doing/to do forget to do忘記要去做某事忘記要去做某事。(未做未做) forget doing忘記做過某事。忘記做過某事。(已做已做) The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) 典型例題典型例題 - The light in the o

8、ffice is still on. - Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案：答案：C。由。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，因此用動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth. 而而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。符合題意。14 3) remember doing/to d

9、o remember to do 記得去做某事記得去做某事 (未做未做) remember doing記得做過某事記得做過某事 (已做已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎?15 4)regret doing/to do regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾。對(duì)要做的事遺憾。(未做未做) regret doing 對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔。對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔

10、。(已做已做) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒有辦法。我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒有辦法。 I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。典型例題典型例題-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that.to do B. to be doing C.to have done D.

11、having done答案：答案：D。regret having done sth. 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。遺憾。regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。本題對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對(duì)已說的話感到后悔，因此選為對(duì)已說的話感到后悔，因此選D。16 5) cease doing/to do cease to do 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。 cease doing 短時(shí)短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。 That department has ceased to exist forever. 那個(gè)部門已不復(fù)存

12、在。那個(gè)部門已不復(fù)存在。 The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘們?cè)诶蠋熥哌^時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。姑娘們?cè)诶蠋熥哌^時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。 6) try doing/to do try to do努力，企圖做某事努力，企圖做某事。 try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。 You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。你可要多加小心。 I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我試著種果木我試著種果木花卉，但未成功?；ɑ?，但

13、未成功。17 7) go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。繼續(xù)做原來做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。 8) be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為意為怕怕； be afraid of doing

14、擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客是客觀上造成的，意為觀上造成的，意為“生怕，恐怕生怕，恐怕”。 She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。草叢中再走一步。 She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒

15、她丈夫。她生怕吵醒她丈夫。18 9) mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想打算、想 mean doing意味著意味著 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購買力。贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購買力。19 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞 + doing/to do 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, loo

16、k at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing 表示表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)我看見了我看見了這個(gè)事實(shí)這個(gè)事實(shí))I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。昨天我見他正在花園里干活。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)（強(qiáng)調(diào)我見他正干活我見他正干活這個(gè)動(dòng)作）這個(gè)動(dòng)作）典型例題典型例題1

17、）They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 答案：答案：A。因題意為，他們看著她長(zhǎng)大，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長(zhǎng)的過程，。因題意為，他們看著她長(zhǎng)大，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長(zhǎng)的過程，而非正而非正 在長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，因此用在長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playingC. playD.

18、to play答案答案A. 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用see sb. doing sth句型。句型。2021動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + to do動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+疑問詞疑問詞 + to do 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + it(形式賓語）形式賓語）+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) +to do常見動(dòng)詞有常見動(dòng)詞有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan，learn, would like, cant wait(迫迫不及待不及待) cant afford（負(fù)擔(dān)不起）（負(fù)擔(dān)不起） 等等I dont know what to do .Can you tell me h

19、ow to get there ?I cant decide which to choose.I find it important to learn English.I think it necessary to drink the water. 用法用法 ：作賓語作賓語22一些省略一些省略to的句型的句型（1）Why not +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（2）Why dont you+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（3）Youd better +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（4）Youd better not +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（5 ) Will you please +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（6）Will you please

20、not +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（7）sb do nothing but（只是，只不過）（只是，只不過）例例: They didn nothing but complain 23常見固定搭配常見固定搭配1.too to doThe desk is too heavy to carry .2.be + adj + enough to doThe room is big enough for 10 people to live in .3.Its time to do sth 或Its time for sb to do sth . Its time to have a rest.4.It takes

21、sb some time to do sth . It takes me three days to finish the job .5.be + adj （glad . sorry .sure . happy . afraid等表情感的形容詞后）+ to do sth .(1) Im sorry to trouble you .24 介詞介詞+doing look forward to doing sth. （盼望）（盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意）（注意） be used to doing sth. （習(xí)慣于）（習(xí)慣于） prefer doing s

22、th to doing sth.（更喜歡）（更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于） make a contribution to doing （做貢獻(xiàn)）（做貢獻(xiàn)）2526分詞分為分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和和過去分詞過去分詞。 分分 詞詞4區(qū)別：區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。如：如：The man standing by the windows is our teacher.站在門邊的人是我們的老師。站在門邊的人是我們的老師。The house built last year has become our lab.去年建的房子已成了我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。去年建的房子已成了我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。127現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示完成現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示完成的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作。如：如：falling leaves 正在飄落的樹葉正