現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及過(guò)去完成時(shí)精講精練(教師版)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去 一般過(guò)去式強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響 -現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。試比較I have lost my new book. 我把新書(shū)丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書(shū)丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒(méi)說(shuō)明）構(gòu)成：肯定句： have / has done否定句： .have/has not done一般疑問(wèn)句： Have/ Has . done .?Yes, . have/has.No, .have/has not.常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already“已經(jīng) ”肯定句的中間和末尾處neve

2、r“從不 ”中間處ever“曾經(jīng) ”疑問(wèn)句和肯定句的中間處just“剛剛 ”中間處yet“已經(jīng) ”、 “還 ”疑問(wèn)句、否定句的末尾處 )或不加任何的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.already 和 yet 區(qū)別 :I have already finished my homework.already 用在 _ ，位于 _。 “已經(jīng)”Have you finished your homework yet?yet 用在 _ 和 _中，位于 _?！叭匀唬€，已經(jīng)”B.for 與 since 區(qū)別 :for + 時(shí)間段since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)I have lived in Changchun_

3、 two years.I have been here_7 oclock.用 since 和 for 填空1. _ two years2._ two years ago3. _ last month4._ 19995._ yesterday6. _ 4 o clock7. _ 4 hours8._ an hour9. _ we were children10. _ lunch time11._ she left here12, _ she was very young13. _ she was a child14, _ more than twenty yearsHe has lived in

4、 Nanjing _ the year before last.I ve known him _ we were children.Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.She has been away from the city _ about ten years.It s about ten years _ she left the city.注意：表示說(shuō)話(huà)前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，表示次數(shù)：一次 once; 二次 : twice, 三次： three times , ever, never等時(shí)

5、間狀語(yǔ)。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。1/12三 . have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法區(qū)別（一） .have(has) been in 表示 “在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 ”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the far

6、m have been here (there) / abroad（二） .have(has)been to表示 “曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地 ”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳c just, ever, never等連用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？have(has) been to后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。例如：I have been to Beijing three

7、 times. 我去過(guò)北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。（三） .have(has) gone to意為 “到某地去了 ”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱(chēng)代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。例如： -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop.湯姆在哪里？他到書(shū)店去Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克 .約翰遜到倫敦去了。練習(xí)I. 用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone

8、填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place

9、?B: He _ there only once.II. 用 have/has been to/in,have gone to及 go 的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7)

10、 I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?2/1214) _ they often _ skating in winter?

11、注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替 。（就是說(shuō)：有for 或 since 的句子里，一定不能是非延續(xù)性代詞，必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）。例如：borrow keep, buy have, begin/start be on, die be dead, join be in/be a member of- ， come/arrive be here/in, come/get back be back, go/leave be away(from), marry be married(to),【練一練】在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，在

12、與 _和_引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，通常是用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替 _.例如：borrow _,buy _,begin/start _,die _,join _ ， come/arrive _come/get back _,go/leave _, marry _,練習(xí)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ a pen for _ _.He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.He came

13、back two years ago.He _ _ for _ _.5） He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ Beijing for _ _. arrive at/in sw.get to/reach e/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.

14、I _ _ the USA since _ _.3)I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4)They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _. come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1)He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be1) I became a teacher

15、 in 2000.3/12I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed ，open be open1)The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2)The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ for six hours. get up be up， die be deadleave sw. be away from

16、 sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be overmarry be married1)I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2)He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep

17、 two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _. start/begin to do sth. do sthbegin. be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ for _ _. borrow keep， lose not have， buy have ， put on wearcatch/ge

18、t a cold have a，coldget to know know1)They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2)I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3)I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _. have/has gone to have been in1)He has gone to Be

19、ijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the army4/12 be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for

20、two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.鞏固練習(xí)根據(jù)提示完成句子他的爺爺去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years ago.2 你買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？How long have you_the bike?3 我買(mǎi)這本故事書(shū)三年了。I _

21、this story book three years ago.I have _ this story book _three years ago.I have _this story book_three years.4.他參軍十年了。He _the Army three years ago.He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 瑪麗和約翰結(jié)婚有十年了。Mary _ to John ten years ago.Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years.6.我入團(tuán) 2 年了。I _ _ _

22、two years ago.I _ _ a _ _ for two years.I _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.7. The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _.8. I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.9. He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.10.He came back two years ago

23、.He _ _ _ for _ _.11.He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.改錯(cuò)Hurry up! They wait for us.5/12Are you remembering his name?I mliking the film very much.I ll be glad if it will snowsoon.Does she goes to school every day?I have seen Betty yesterdayI didn t see the headmaster for w

24、eeks.He s just gone out, isn t he?His grandpa has died for two weeks.根據(jù)提示完成句子他的爺爺去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _3 years.His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years ago.2 你買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？How long have you_ the bike?3 我買(mǎi)這本故事書(shū)三年了。I _this story book three years ago.I have _ this story

25、 book _three years ago.I have _this story book_ three years.4.他參軍十年了。He _the Army three years ago.He has_ _the Army _ _.He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 years.5. 瑪麗和約翰結(jié)婚有十年了。Mary _ to John ten years ago.Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years.漢譯英1）這本字典我已買(mǎi)了三年了。2）他離開(kāi)中國(guó)三年了。3）我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。4）他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。五單項(xiàng)選擇（） 1、 Both h

26、is parents looksad . Maybethey _whats happened to him . .knew.have known.must know.will know（） 2、 Hehas_ beentoShanghai , has he ? .already.never.ever . still（） 4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . iswriting.waswriting.wrote.has written（） 5、 Our country_ a lot so far . Yes .

27、 I hope it will be even _ . . haschanged ; well.changed ; good . haschanged ; better.changed ; better（） 6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied. are ; studying6/12（） 7、 We _ XiaoLi since she was alittlegirl . . know. had known. haveknown.

28、knew（） 8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . .will see.haveseen.saw.see（） 9、 Thesefarmershavebeen totheUnitedStates . Really ? When _ there ? . willtheygo .didtheygo .dotheygo.havetheygone（） 10、 _ you _ yourhomeworkyet ? Yes . I _itamomentago . .Did ; do ; finished .Have ; done ; finish

29、ed . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish（） 11、 Hisfather _ thePartysince 1978 . .joined .has joined.was in . has been in（） 12、 Do you know him well ?Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . .were. have been . have become . have made（）13、How long have you_ here ? About two months . .been

30、.e. arrived()14、Hurryup! Theplay _ fortenminutes . .hasbegun.had begun .hasbeenon.began()15、 It_ tenyears sinceheleftthearmy . .is.has .will.was()16、 MissGreenisntintheoffice . she_to the library . .has gone. went .willgoD.hasbeen() 17、Myparents _Shandongfortenyears . . have been in. have be

31、en to . have gone to. havebeen（） 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A. so theyB. don t theyC. have theyD. haven t they（） 19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since heto China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived（） 20、 His unclefor more than 9 yea

32、rs.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university過(guò)去完成時(shí)一【含義】過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是 “過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ”。 如:He asked if you had written to Peter. 他問(wèn)你是否給 Peter寫(xiě)信了。二【結(jié)構(gòu)】基本形式 :had + 過(guò)去分詞。如 :We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.7/12在半夜之前我們已登上了山頂。否定

33、形式 :had + not + 過(guò)去分詞。如 :They hadn t finished the work when we got there.我們到那兒時(shí) ,他們還沒(méi)有完成工作。一般疑問(wèn)句形式 :had 提到句首 ,回答用 Yes, 主語(yǔ) + had. / No, 主語(yǔ) + hadnt如.: Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?他昨天告訴過(guò)你早點(diǎn)兒到那兒?jiǎn)?? Yes, he had. (No, he hadn 是的,他t.)告訴了。 (不 ,他沒(méi)有。 ) . 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式： had + been + 過(guò)去分詞。如：When I got

34、 there, the windows had been broken.當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí)，窗戶(hù)已經(jīng)被打破了。三【用法】用在主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如:My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸問(wèn)我是否讀完那本書(shū)了。用在 “after / before / when +過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)從句 ”或有 “by+過(guò)去時(shí)間 ”的句子中。如 : Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home.在我回到家前 ,媽媽已經(jīng)把飯做好了。和由 for 或 since 引導(dǎo)的、表示一段時(shí)

35、間的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如:He had worked in that factory for five years before he moved here.他搬到這兒前已經(jīng)在那個(gè)廠(chǎng)子工作了五年。與一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都可指動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去， 但強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成； 而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或過(guò)去經(jīng)常性、 習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作， 需要特別注意的是： 當(dāng)動(dòng)作附帶 yesterday、 last year等過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。請(qǐng)區(qū)別：By the end of last year, I had visited seven different cities.截止

36、到去年年底，我已經(jīng)參觀過(guò)七個(gè)不同的城市了。We learned another English song last month.上個(gè)月我們學(xué)了另一首英文歌曲。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成， 其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為現(xiàn)在； 而表示動(dòng)作相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻前已完成，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為過(guò)去。試比較：I have been there twice. 我去過(guò)那兒兩次。I had been there twice before I went to school.在我上學(xué)前，我去過(guò)那兒兩次。練習(xí)從下面各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。()1. Did you see Mr. Smith

37、when you were in France? No, when I _ France, he _ to China.A. had arrived, had goneB. arrived to, wentC. got to, had goneD. had got to, would go()2. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A. left, had arrivedB. left, arrivedC. had left, had arrivedD. had left, arrived

38、()3. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.A. had learnedB. have learnedC. learnedD. will have learned()4. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a gooddrink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. has enjoyedD. had been enjoying8/12()5. Cathe

39、rine _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has writtenB. was writtenC. had writtenD. is writing用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。Mary _ already _(try) the dress on before she bought it.I was surprised to find that all my classmates _(go) to the lab when I _(get) to the classroom.When she _ (finish) her

40、 work in the office, Mrs. Smith left.Mr. Feng _(teach) Unit 16 by the end of last week.Mr. Smith _(live) in Europe for fifteen years before he _(go) to Australia.Key1-5 CDAACII. 1. had; tried2. had gone; got 3. had finished4.had taught5. had lived;完成時(shí)態(tài)專(zhuān)練He _（ turn）off the light. We can leave now.By

41、the time we got to the cinema, the film _（begin） .She _（finish ） her homework before I left school.My mother _（be） a teacher since 2003.He told us that he（give）the book to his brother.I _（ wash） all the clothes. So I can have a rest.They _（stay）in China for a long time.My father _（arrive） home befor

42、e nine o clock last night.Keyhas turned2. had began 3. had finished4. has been 5. had given6. have washed 7. have stayed 8.had arrived現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)每日一句 God helps those who help themselves.Review單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Mother _ me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had made have triedB. madehave triedC. has made triedD. madetried2 “ He _to draw horses already” .“ When _ he ? ” “ Last year“A. learned hasB. learned didC. has learned hasD. has learned did3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has gotis B. has climbedw