高中英語必修人教新課標UnitFirst aid 知識點總結(jié)

1、高中英語必修5（人教新課標）Unit 5 First aid知識點總結(jié)一、重點詞匯 aid 原文再現(xiàn) First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill 急救是給予那些突然發(fā)病的人的幫助基本用法 n. 幫助，與help相近 He was too busy to come to my aid. 他太忙了，不能來幫我。知識拓展 相關(guān)短語 in aid of 為幫助do/give/offer first aid 進行急救 be a great aid to/for 對有極大的幫助 相關(guān)句型/結(jié)構(gòu)

2、aid sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事fall ill原文再現(xiàn) First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill 急救是給予那些突然發(fā)病的人的幫助基本用法 fall ill意為“生病了”，其中fall為連系動詞。知識拓展-相關(guān)短語 fall silent 沉默下來 fall asleep 睡著，入睡 fall down/over 跌倒，絆倒fall off 脫落，脫離 injury 原文再現(xiàn) Often the illness or injury is not serious

3、, 通常這種疾病或傷勢并不嚴重基本用法 n. 損傷；傷口，傷害（名詞復(fù)數(shù): injuries）知識拓展其他詞性 injury v. 受傷，傷害 詞義辨析 hurt/injure/wound/cut variety 原文再現(xiàn) You can get burned by a variety of things: 你可能會因為各種原因被燙傷：基本用法 n. 不同種類，多種式樣；變化；多樣化；多變性（名詞復(fù)數(shù):varieties） We all need variety in our diet. 我們都需要飲食多樣化。知識拓展 其他詞性 adj. various 各種各樣的；多姿多彩的 adv. va

4、riously 以各種方式；不同地 vi. vary 不同；變化；變更 相關(guān)短語 a (wide/great/large) variety of. 各種各樣的. varieties of . 各種各樣的. squeeze 原文再現(xiàn) squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again 把它們擠出來并反復(fù)涂在燙傷處基本用法 v. 壓，擠，捏知識拓展 其他含義v. squeeze 壓出，榨出，擠出 She squeezed the water out of the sponge. 她把海綿里的水擠了出來

5、。 v. squeeze 擠入，擠過；塞，常用于squeeze+n.+adv./prep結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： Is the car full or can I squeeze in? 汽車坐滿了嗎？我還能擠進來嗎？ 相關(guān)短語squeeze out 擠出；榨出 squeeze in/into 擠進 over and over again 原文再現(xiàn) squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again 把它們擠出來并反復(fù)涂在燙傷處基本用法 over and over again意為“再三，反復(fù)”。知識拓展-相關(guān)

6、短語 over again 再一遍，重新 all over 到處，渾身，全部結(jié)束 in place 原文再現(xiàn) Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用膠布把繃帶固定?；居梅?in place意為“適當；在合適的位置”。 一旦所有的椅子都擺放好了，我們就可以讓人們進來了。知識拓展-相關(guān)短語from place to place 處處 give place to 讓位于 in place of (=take the place of) 代替 out of place 不合適，不恰當 honour 原文再現(xiàn) Seventeen-year-old teenager

7、, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night .17歲的青年約翰詹森昨晚在救生員頒獎大會上領(lǐng)獎.基本用法 n/v 榮譽；給.榮譽 in honour of . 向.表示敬意 be honoured for 因.收到尊敬 have the honour of doing sth 榮幸做. do sb the/an honour 給某人帶來榮譽 a number of 原文再現(xiàn) He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages 他立即向周圍很多人要繃

8、帶(創(chuàng)可貼)基本用法 a number of意為“許多，大量的”。知識拓展 同義短語 a quantity of + n(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞) 許多quantities of+n. (可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞) 許多 詞義辨析 a number of/the number of treat 原文再現(xiàn) John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hands. 約翰用這些東西處理斯萊德女士手上最嚴重的傷口?；居梅?v. 對待；看待。常用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)中： treat sb. well/badly 對待某人好/不好

9、 treat sb. with respect/kindness 尊重某人/友好待人 treat sb. like/as 像對待某人知識拓展 其他含義 v. treat 醫(yī)治，治療，常用結(jié)構(gòu)有： treat sb. for 治療某人的 treat sb. with sth. 用某物治療某人相關(guān)單詞 n. treatment 治療，療法；處理；對待 apply 原文再現(xiàn) He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他使勁地摁住傷口，使血流得慢些，

10、一直等到警察和救護車的到來。基本用法 v 應(yīng)用，運用 ；申請，請求；貼，涂，敷；適用 apply .to. 應(yīng)用 apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申請某物apply sth to. 將某物涂在.上 apply oneself/ones mindsto 致力于，專心于 I will apply for the position tomorrow. 我明天要申請這個職位。 We should apply theory to practice. 我們應(yīng)該把應(yīng)用于實際。知識拓展-相關(guān)單詞 n. application 應(yīng)用；申請 make a difference 原文再現(xiàn) It

11、 shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 這表明懂得急救知識的確能發(fā)揮重要作用?；居梅?make a/some/much/a lot of/ some/little/no difference (to sb) 對某人有（一些/很多/沒有）意義/區(qū)別/影響 It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 你的去留對我沒有什么影響。 My father really make a bid difference to me. 我爸爸對我有很

12、大的影響。二、重點句型 So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. 因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮膚燒傷了，就可能非常嚴重. 基本用法 句中as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 1. 與such，the same 連用，as在從句中作主語，賓語或標語。 He is not the same man as he used to be. 他不再是從前的樣子了。 Such people as you describe cant be found anywhere. 你所描述的這樣的人是任何地方都找不到的。 2

13、. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞往往為一個句子。 The football team won the game, as we had expected. 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，這支足球隊贏了比賽。 3. as 與which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為一個句子或一個詞，有時可以互換，但在句首或 在句尾中作插入語時只能用as。 The man is from Shanghai, as/which we know from his accent. 這個人來自上海，這一點我們可以從他的口音中聽出來。 Mary, as we had expected, passed the drivin

14、g test. 瑪麗，正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，通過了駕駛考試。 As is known to us, this is the most successful film this year. 我們都知道，這是今年最成功的一部電影。 Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned. 根據(jù)皮膚燒傷的層次而分別叫做一度燒傷、二度燒傷和三度燒傷.基本用法 句中depending on which layers of the skin are burn

15、ed為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。現(xiàn)在分詞或分詞短 語作狀語時，可以表 示時間，原因，結(jié)果，伴隨狀況等。如: In the old days, he went from door to door, begging for food. 在舊社會，他挨家挨戶要飯。 （伴隨狀語） It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個國家洪水泛濫。（結(jié)果狀語） Hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. 一聽到他們老師的聲音，學(xué)生們立

16、即停止了講話。（時間） Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. 因為不知道如何解這道物理難題，他求助于老師。 .but there are times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 但也有些其他的時候，如果給予及時的急救便可挽救生命. 基本用法 句中，when引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，先行詞為times， 從句的主語是giving first aid，是動名詞做主語。 John was studying

17、 in his room when he heard screaming. 約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí)，突然聽到尖叫聲. 基本用法 句中when作連詞，表示“正在那時（突然）”（=and then; and just then; and at that time). 通常和正 在發(fā)生的或即將發(fā)生的動作連用： was/were doing.when. was/were about to do. when. on the point of doing .when. 正在做.時，（另外一件事發(fā)生了） had just done. when. 剛做了某事，.(另外一件事發(fā)生了) It was Johns qu

18、ick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life. 正是約翰快捷的動作和急救知識挽救了斯萊德女士的生命. 基本用法此句為強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)了主語Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid。英語常用的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是 It is (was)+被強調(diào)部分(主語、賓語或狀語)+who (that).。一般說來,被強調(diào)部分指人時,用who; 指事物時用that,但that也可以指人。去掉it is和who/that，剩下的句子仍是一個有完整成分的句子。三、重點語法 省略句 定義 為了使講

19、話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可省略?；居梅?1.狀語從句中的省略用法 如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語含有be動詞的某種形式(am/is/are/was/were)，可同時省略 從句的主語和be動詞的某種形式。 (1). when，while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.(2) if，unless，once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 e.g. If (it is) properly treat

20、ed, waste will do no harm to the environment. Ill not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. (3) though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is)

21、sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. (注：從句的主語和主句的主語不一致時，只省略從句中的be動詞形式) (4) as if，as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to le

22、ave.(as if/though + to do表示一個將來的動作) (5) than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中的省略用法： 當不同的主語進行比較時，一般省略從句中的謂語;當從句中的主語與謂語(be動詞除外)和主句中的主語與謂語 相同時，通常省略從句中的主語和謂語，只保留比較部分。 He is taller than his brother (is).I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. (6) 以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/a

23、re。 If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. 2. 定語從句中的省略用法關(guān)系詞的省略 關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語從句中充當賓語且不位于介詞之后時，可以省略; in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語從句時可省略。The man (th

24、at/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I dont like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. 3. 虛擬語氣中if及should的省略(1) 當條件狀語從句中有were，had，should等時省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。 If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. (2) Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動詞后接的名詞性從句中，謂語動詞 常用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. 4. 不定式符號to的省略 (1) 感官動詞see，hear