高二英語(yǔ)必修五unit1語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1、 Unit 1 語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：to do/doing 一、動(dòng)詞不定式 不定式可以用來(lái)做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立成分，表示比較具體的意義。（1）做主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)To master a foreign language is no easy job.To see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question 為平衡整個(gè)句子，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正主語(yǔ)不定式放后面，用于這種形式是一些特定的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）謂語(yǔ)部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)是某些形容詞或名詞。例如：It

2、is foolish to do in this way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.2）某些動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)時(shí)。例如：It took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.(2) 做表語(yǔ)表示打算、計(jì)劃、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系動(dòng)詞后面Such questions are to be avoided.What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)不定式一

3、般緊跟其所修飾名詞或代詞后面。例如：He was the first one to come this morning.He didnt have the chance to go to school in the past.如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)注意其相應(yīng)介詞的搭配。例如：He has nothing to worry about.She is a very nice person to work with.(4) 作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示目的、原因和結(jié)果。 表目的常用in order to, so as to,等結(jié)構(gòu)但so as to只能放在主句之后。Check your home

4、work so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. 表結(jié)果常用only to do, enough to do, tooto do等句型，不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)具有“意料之外”之意。He is too excited to speak anything.I hurried to his house, only to find him out.原因 She seemed&#

5、160;surprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. -不定式作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的結(jié)構(gòu)，其意為“好像要”。He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took 

6、;out a pen and a piece of paper as though to write something. (5) 做賓語(yǔ) 某些及物動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ), 以下及物動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)：agree, ask, attempt,  choose, continue, decide, desire, determine, expect, forget, hope,intend,

7、 learn,  manage, mean, offer, prefer,promise, refuse,  try，want,  wish等。例如： 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如其后有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則可以用先行語(yǔ)it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后移，用于該形式的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：believe, consider, feel, guess, imagine, know, make, prove, realize, see, show, suppose, think, understand, find等。例

8、如：I felt it useless for us to say anything further. I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running. (6) 做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)可以接帶to

9、的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。例如：I shall try to persuade her to see the doctor. The villagers didnt allow them to do this. I will ask them to leave the company. I shall persuade him to take the medicine. 不帶t

10、o的不定式做賓補(bǔ)也有一些及物動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有使役動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：make, let, have；感官動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等。但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要帶to (let除外)。例如：Someone saw him enter my room. He was seen to enter my room.The boy made the baby laugh. The

11、 baby was made to laugh (7)“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”相當(dāng)于這些疑問(wèn)代詞和副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)該形式的動(dòng)詞有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, 在句子中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。例如：What to do next has not been decided. = What will do next has not been decided.What worries me most is how to do it. = What worries me

12、 most is how we will do it.I dont know when to leave. = I dont know when we will leave.(10) 動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)用兩種特定句型: “It is + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.” 和 “It is + n. of sb. to do sth”。例：It is easy for us to understand the sentence. It is clever of you to do that.二、動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞是一種非謂

13、語(yǔ)形式，起名詞的作用，但帶有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。1.動(dòng)名詞的用法(1) 做主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)表示比較抽象、習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性的意義.例如：Saying is easier than doing. Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 為平衡整個(gè)句子，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正主語(yǔ)不定式放后面，用于這種形式是一些特定的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) 謂語(yǔ)部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)是某些形容詞。例如：Its interesting planning a holiday. Its rather tiring walking around in

14、a city.2) 當(dāng)use，good，waste，bore，fun，shame，encouragement，等名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把作為真正主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞后置。例如：Its no use talking to him again. = There is no use talking to him again.Its no good refusing to do it. = There is no good refusing to do it.(2) 作賓語(yǔ)某些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面可以接動(dòng)名詞,見(jiàn)下表：特定動(dòng)詞 + doing短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + doingavoid, admit, ad

15、vise, allow, permit, bear, stand, delay consider, complete, finish, risk, mind, miss, imagine, enjoy, , practise, suggest 等 be worth, cant help, cant stand, feel like, insist on, succeed in, give up, spend / waste time / money (in), have / find difficulty / trouble/ time (in) 等 放在介詞on; upon，after等后面

16、時(shí)，例如：On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.After standing in the queue for hours, we got good seats. 有些后面可跟動(dòng)名詞也可以跟不定式，意義區(qū)別不大。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, attempt, intend, propose等。He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five.有些動(dòng)詞后面可跟動(dòng)名詞也可以跟不定式，意義區(qū)別大。見(jiàn)下表：try t

17、o do sth. （努力去做） try doing sth. （試著、嘗試做）remember to do sth （記得要做） remember doing sth.（記得做過(guò)）forget to do sth. （忘記要做某事） forget doing sth. (忘記做過(guò)某事）mean to do sth. （打算做某事） mean doing sth. （意味著）cant help to do sth. （不能幫助做某事） cant help doing sth.（禁不住做某事）stop to do sth. （停下來(lái)去做另一件事）stop doing sth. （停止做某事）go

18、 on to do sth. （接下來(lái)做另一件事） go on doing sth. （繼續(xù)做同一件事）regret to do sth （遺憾要做某事）regret doing sth （后悔做過(guò)某事） (3) 作表語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于名詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的情況和狀態(tài)。例如：My job is teaching English.Her job is taking care of the children.Our duty is serving the people. = Our duty is to serve the people.(4) 作定語(yǔ)說(shuō)明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)，具有名詞的性質(zhì)，它同所修飾的名詞間不

19、存在主謂關(guān)系。a living room= a room for livinga swimming pool = a pool for swimminga waling stick = a stick for walking(5) 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞之前的名詞，如果是有生命的，通常用所屬格表示，如果是無(wú)生命的，則用通格表示，現(xiàn)在有一種趨勢(shì)用名詞和代詞代替所有格。His coming wont help much.I dont mind your (you) smoking.They insisted on our staying there.We are happy about his c

20、oming to see us.Do you remember Mary coming to see you?He insisted on being sent to the hard area. (6) 動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 be worth 后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)。This book is well worth reading. =The book is worth to be read. need，want，require，bear，stand等動(dòng)詞后面可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義，但用不定式時(shí)則只能用被動(dòng)形式。The old man needs looking after / to be

21、 looked after. Exercise從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. She said she_ her uncle very much and hoped _him. A. missed, to hear from B. missed, to hear C. misses, hearing from D. misses, hearing 2. _a living, she had to work from morning till night. A. To make B. made C. Making D. To have made 3. Mrs B

22、rown regretted_ his son. A. beated B. beating C. beat D. beaten 4. I often hear him _about the great writer. A. to talk B. talk C. speaking D. to tell 5. Missing the last bus means_ home. A. to walk B. walking C. walked D. walk 6. Paul doesn't have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B.

23、 to study C. studied D. studying 7. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports starts. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D.

24、do not 9. I didn't hear you come in last night. That's good. We tired _ noisy. A. not to B. to be not C. to be D. not to be 10. I hear that you and Francis will spend your vacation in Nepal next spring. Yes, we are planning _. A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it 11. I can hardly imagine Peter _

25、 across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 12. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 13. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your

26、calling D. youre calling 14. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 15. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 16. You were brave eno

27、ugh to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 17. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called 18. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left 19. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined gar