高二英語必修五unit1語法總結(jié)

1、 Unit 1 語法重點 非謂語動詞：to do/doing 一、動詞不定式 不定式可以用來做主語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語、獨立成分，表示比較具體的意義。（1）做主語 動詞不定式短語To master a foreign language is no easy job.To see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question 為平衡整個句子，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語，而將真正主語不定式放后面，用于這種形式是一些特定的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）謂語部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語是某些形容詞或名詞。例如：It

2、is foolish to do in this way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.2）某些動詞做謂語時。例如：It took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.(2) 做表語表示打算、計劃、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系動詞后面Such questions are to be avoided.What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定語做定語時不定式一

3、般緊跟其所修飾名詞或代詞后面。例如：He was the first one to come this morning.He didnt have the chance to go to school in the past.如果不定式是不及物動詞時，應(yīng)注意其相應(yīng)介詞的搭配。例如：He has nothing to worry about.She is a very nice person to work with.(4) 作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因和結(jié)果。 表目的常用in order to, so as to,等結(jié)構(gòu)但so as to只能放在主句之后。Check your home

4、work so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. 表結(jié)果常用only to do, enough to do, tooto do等句型，不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語具有“意料之外”之意。He is too excited to speak anything.I hurried to his house, only to find him out.原因 She seemed&#

5、160;surprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. -不定式作方式狀語時，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的結(jié)構(gòu)，其意為“好像要”。He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took 

6、;out a pen and a piece of paper as though to write something. (5) 做賓語 某些及物動詞要用動詞不定式作賓語, 以下及物動詞常用動詞不定式作賓語：agree, ask, attempt,  choose, continue, decide, desire, determine, expect, forget, hope,intend,

7、 learn,  manage, mean, offer, prefer,promise, refuse,  try，want,  wish等。例如： 動詞不定式作賓語時，如其后有補足語，則可以用先行語it作形式賓語，而將真正賓語動詞不定式后移，用于該形式的常見動詞有：believe, consider, feel, guess, imagine, know, make, prove, realize, see, show, suppose, think, understand, find等。例

8、如：I felt it useless for us to say anything further. I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running. (6) 做賓語補足語 帶to的不定式做賓補有相當數(shù)量的及物動詞或短語可以接帶to

9、的不定式做賓補。例如：I shall try to persuade her to see the doctor. The villagers didnt allow them to do this. I will ask them to leave the company. I shall persuade him to take the medicine. 不帶t

10、o的不定式做賓補也有一些及物動詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓補，常見的有使役動詞類：make, let, have；感官動詞類：see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等。但在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中要帶to (let除外)。例如：Someone saw him enter my room. He was seen to enter my room.The boy made the baby laugh. The

11、 baby was made to laugh (7)“疑問詞+不定式”相當于這些疑問代詞和副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。常見引導(dǎo)該形式的動詞有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, 在句子中可以做主語、賓語或表語。例如：What to do next has not been decided. = What will do next has not been decided.What worries me most is how to do it. = What worries me

12、 most is how we will do it.I dont know when to leave. = I dont know when we will leave.(10) 動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時，常見用兩種特定句型: “It is + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.” 和 “It is + n. of sb. to do sth”。例：It is easy for us to understand the sentence. It is clever of you to do that.二、動名詞動名詞是一種非謂

13、語形式，起名詞的作用，但帶有動詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成動名詞短語。1.動名詞的用法(1) 做主語 動名詞做主語表示比較抽象、習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性的意義.例如：Saying is easier than doing. Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 為平衡整個句子，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語，而將真正主語不定式放后面，用于這種形式是一些特定的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) 謂語部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語是某些形容詞。例如：Its interesting planning a holiday. Its rather tiring walking around in

14、a city.2) 當use，good，waste，bore，fun，shame，encouragement，等名詞作表語時，通常用it作形式主語，把作為真正主語的動名詞后置。例如：Its no use talking to him again. = There is no use talking to him again.Its no good refusing to do it. = There is no good refusing to do it.(2) 作賓語某些動詞或短語動詞后面可以接動名詞,見下表：特定動詞 + doing短語動詞 + doingavoid, admit, ad

15、vise, allow, permit, bear, stand, delay consider, complete, finish, risk, mind, miss, imagine, enjoy, , practise, suggest 等 be worth, cant help, cant stand, feel like, insist on, succeed in, give up, spend / waste time / money (in), have / find difficulty / trouble/ time (in) 等 放在介詞on; upon，after等后面

16、時，例如：On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.After standing in the queue for hours, we got good seats. 有些后面可跟動名詞也可以跟不定式，意義區(qū)別不大。常見的動詞有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, attempt, intend, propose等。He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five.有些動詞后面可跟動名詞也可以跟不定式，意義區(qū)別大。見下表：try t

17、o do sth. （努力去做） try doing sth. （試著、嘗試做）remember to do sth （記得要做） remember doing sth.（記得做過）forget to do sth. （忘記要做某事） forget doing sth. (忘記做過某事）mean to do sth. （打算做某事） mean doing sth. （意味著）cant help to do sth. （不能幫助做某事） cant help doing sth.（禁不住做某事）stop to do sth. （停下來去做另一件事）stop doing sth. （停止做某事）go

18、 on to do sth. （接下來做另一件事） go on doing sth. （繼續(xù)做同一件事）regret to do sth （遺憾要做某事）regret doing sth （后悔做過某事） (3) 作表語 相當于名詞，說明主語動作的情況和狀態(tài)。例如：My job is teaching English.Her job is taking care of the children.Our duty is serving the people. = Our duty is to serve the people.(4) 作定語說明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)，具有名詞的性質(zhì)，它同所修飾的名詞間不

19、存在主謂關(guān)系。a living room= a room for livinga swimming pool = a pool for swimminga waling stick = a stick for walking(5) 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞之前的名詞，如果是有生命的，通常用所屬格表示，如果是無生命的，則用通格表示，現(xiàn)在有一種趨勢用名詞和代詞代替所有格。His coming wont help much.I dont mind your (you) smoking.They insisted on our staying there.We are happy about his c

20、oming to see us.Do you remember Mary coming to see you?He insisted on being sent to the hard area. (6) 動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義 be worth 后接動名詞時。This book is well worth reading. =The book is worth to be read. need，want，require，bear，stand等動詞后面可用動名詞的主動式表被動意義，但用不定式時則只能用被動形式。The old man needs looking after / to be

21、 looked after. Exercise從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 1. She said she_ her uncle very much and hoped _him. A. missed, to hear from B. missed, to hear C. misses, hearing from D. misses, hearing 2. _a living, she had to work from morning till night. A. To make B. made C. Making D. To have made 3. Mrs B

22、rown regretted_ his son. A. beated B. beating C. beat D. beaten 4. I often hear him _about the great writer. A. to talk B. talk C. speaking D. to tell 5. Missing the last bus means_ home. A. to walk B. walking C. walked D. walk 6. Paul doesn't have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B.

23、 to study C. studied D. studying 7. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports starts. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D.

24、do not 9. I didn't hear you come in last night. That's good. We tired _ noisy. A. not to B. to be not C. to be D. not to be 10. I hear that you and Francis will spend your vacation in Nepal next spring. Yes, we are planning _. A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it 11. I can hardly imagine Peter _

25、 across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 12. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 13. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your

26、calling D. youre calling 14. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 15. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 16. You were brave eno

27、ugh to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 17. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called 18. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left 19. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined gar