高中英語句子成分及結構分析

1、高中英語句子結構分析英語的九大詞類名詞，代詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞，數詞，連詞，介詞，冠詞。一、名詞(n.)：表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。物體名-desk,cup,chair.人名-Mike,Li Ming;地名America ,China 動物名-pig,dog;植物名-tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名稱:idea(主意),victory(勝利),knowledge(知識). 二、代詞（pron.）：主要用來代替名詞，所以說名詞和代詞關系是很近的。代替人的代詞有：I,you,he,she,it,they這里要注意，代詞的作賓語的形式me,him,her,them.，代替物的代詞有:

2、it,that,this,those,these三、動詞(v.)："動"就是動作-可以指具體的動作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大腦動作(心理活動):think(想),imagine(想象).四、形容詞(adj.)：用來表示名詞的性質或特征。我們在談論人或物時，常用上：tall（高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）這些詞往往是修飾名詞。 五、副詞(adv.)：修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，說明動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、程度等。副詞很多是從形容詞加ly構成的，所以看單詞詞尾是否有l(wèi)y是判斷是否是副詞的一種方法，但是詞尾是ly的也

3、不一定都是副詞，可能是形容詞（likely有可能的 lovely可愛的 friendly友好的 lonely孤獨的 weekly 每周一次的 monthly每月一次的 yearly每年一次的 ） 六、介詞(prep.)：表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關系。at, by, to,in,for,of,on,from,with 介詞在英語中最常用于介賓結構介詞+名詞/代詞，起修飾作用.比如：in winter,from America,behind the door等等。七、連詞(conj.)：用來連接詞、短語、句子。連詞不能單獨作句子成分，只能和其他詞類一起作句子成分。常見的連詞有：and

4、 表并列、both . and 并列、but 表轉折、or 表選擇、 if 表條件等。 八、冠詞，英語中只有三個詞：aan (不定冠詞)the (定冠詞)，簡單來說，不定冠詞表示泛指，定冠詞表示特指，冠詞與名詞關系緊密，一般是放在名詞之前。九、數詞：跟數字有關的詞就是數詞，英語中的數詞有兩種，基數詞和序數詞?；鶖翟~，比如：one two 、three 、 four、 five 、six 、 seven 等等 ，序數詞，比如：first 、second、third 、fourth 、fifth 等等。 英語句子（一） 根據結構劃分： 簡單句：（5種基本句型）主+謂 主+謂+賓 主+系+表 主+謂

5、+雙賓（間賓+直賓） 主+謂+賓+賓補并列句 and, but, or復合句：名詞從句（賓，主，表，同） 副詞從句（狀語從句） 形容詞從句（定語從句）（二） 根據功能劃分：陳述句, 祈使句, 感嘆句，疑問句（一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句等）動詞分類：情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、系動詞、實義動詞（及物動詞和不及物動詞）形容詞修飾系動詞放在動詞后，形容詞修飾名詞，一般放在名詞前；副詞修飾實義動詞，放在實義動詞后，修飾整個句子放在句首，修飾形容詞，一般位于形容詞前。五種基本句型【句型一】主語 + 謂語(不及物動詞 vi.)主語：是動作的發(fā)出者，一般是名詞，代詞，動詞不定式，動名詞，短語，從句

6、等。謂語：謂語總是由動詞或動詞短語充當，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角。謂語與主語在人稱和數上必須保持一致！不及物動詞（vi.）一般不接賓語，接賓語得加一個介詞。謂語由動詞詞組充當，分兩種情況: 1. 及物動詞+副詞，2. 不及物動詞+介詞。 動副詞組：point out（指出）, carry out（執(zhí)行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放棄）, give away（贈送，分發(fā)）,pi

7、ck up（揀起）, put up（掛上）等。  動副詞可拆分，若是代詞作賓語應放在中間。They carried out the plan successfully.   They carried the plan out successfully.  動介詞組：look after（照顧）, look at（瞧）, look for（尋找）, belon

8、g to（屬于）, refer to（參考，提及）, think of（考慮，評價）, send for（派人去請）, care for（喜歡）,suffer from（受之苦）, deal with(對付，應付), object to（反對）, pay for（付的錢）等。動介詞是不可拆分的，所以代詞放在后面，即我們只能說think of it,不能說think it of. His fathe

9、r cooks. The children are listening quietly. He runs fast in the street. The meeting begins at nine. They worked day and night. I lived in Beijing five years ago.His father has gone abroad.【句型二】主語 + 謂語(及物動詞vt.) + 賓語及物動詞后必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者賓語位于及物動詞或介詞之后，主要由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的單詞，短語或從句充當。He did his English homew

10、ork. （名詞作賓語）The workers are building the bridge. （名詞作賓語）I enjoy sharing my work experience. （動詞ing形式作賓語） She is doing her homework now. （名詞作賓語） She said she felt sick. （從句作賓語） We often help him. （代詞作賓語） He likes playing basketball. （動名詞V-ing作賓語) He likes to play basketball. （不定式作賓語）The boys

11、0;were watching the world cup match. Can you feel the power of love?We enjoy listening to the music. She wanted a barbie toy so much when she was young.Zhang Yimou made a love movie.  I dont believe in(介) that man.  He pointed out（副） the

12、60;mistakes in my composition.   On Christmas Day, we will call on our foreign teachers.   You must hand in your exercise-books after class.   We cannot work ou

13、t（副） the problem in five minutes.  【句型三】主 + 系 + 表（什么是什么）連系動詞主要是連系主語和表語。系動詞可分四類：1. “五be” 是(am, is, are, was, were)2.“五感官”動詞 look （眼）看起來 sound （耳）聽起來 taste （口）嘗起來 smell （鼻）聞起來feel （手）摸起來3. “五變” get變得, turn變得, grow變得，go變得, become成為 4. “三保持” keep保持, stay保持 ，remain保持作表語的可以是名

14、詞、代詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、從句等I am a teacher.She is beautiful.This song sounds good.Leaves turned green.用動詞做的主語和從句主語也可用it替代，叫形式主語，真正主語在句中都后移。It is important to learn English.It is known to everyone in our class that he has been to many parts of the worldHer new Iphone5 is cool to death.His son is a rock star.

15、My room looks like a pigsty.Li Lei and Jim are gay friends.Children grow wiser as they grow.The river looks especially beautiful in the early morning.Dinner smells good.His voice sounded strange on the phone.The cake tastes delicious.Harry potter is the hero in this book.Playing basketball is intere

16、sting.To learn English is important.Swimming is a sport he enjoys.That he has been to many parts of the world is known to everyone in our class.【句型四】主謂雙賓（間賓直賓）（兩者沒有直接的關系）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語, 這兩個賓語通常一個指人 (間接賓語)；一個指物 (直接賓語)eg：give / pass / bring/ take / show/ buy sb. sth.若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或fo

17、r用to側重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。 用for 側重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓的詞有（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,  return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose,

18、 draw, find, get, make, order ，sing, save, spare,等I bought John a birthday present. 或I bought a birthday present for john.Please tell me your telephone number. 或Please tell your telephone number to me.Give me a cup of tea please.Pass our English teacher the bo

19、ok.Bring it to me, please. Show this house to Mr. Smith.She ordered herself a new dress. He brought you a dictionary. Please give me a few apples. Ill show you my photos. 【句型五】主語 +謂語+ 賓語 + 賓語補足語（兩者有直接的關系）謂語后只跟一個賓語不能表達完整的意思，必須加一個成分來補充說明賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補足語：位于賓語之后補充說明賓語。賓語補足語由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞-ing形式、過

20、去分詞等充當。The war made him a soldier. （名詞）New methods make the job easy .（形容詞）I often find him at work . （介詞短語）The teacher ask the students to close the windows. （不定式）I saw a cat running across the road. （現在分詞）Our teacher found the windows closed. （過去分詞）We call him Tom. At first I found Chinese quite h

21、ard. Tell him not to be late tomorrow. He made all of us laugh. The little girl often helps her mother (to) do the housework. We found a cat lying under the chair. I find learning English difficult. I will make you a captain. The manager asked Amanda to leave. His words made me sad. I find learning

22、English difficult. I saw the kite up and down. Tom made the girl cry. He proved that theory very important. I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.句子成分狀語，可位于句首、句末或句中，用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，表示動作，行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語充當。He speaks English very well. （表程度）He is play

23、ing under the tree. （表地點）I come to see you. （表目的）Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. （表時間，地點）The boy was praised for his bravery. （表原因）If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （表條件） 副詞（短語）作狀語：The boy needs a pen very much.（程度狀語）The boy needs very much the pen bought by his m

24、other.（賓語較長則狀語前置）The boy really needs a pen.（程度狀語）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.（時間狀語） 介詞短語作狀語：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地點狀語）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy. (條件狀語)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(時間狀語) 分詞（短語）作狀語：He sits

25、there,asking for a pen.（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.（原因狀語）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.（原因狀語） 不定式作狀語：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的狀語）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. 名詞作狀語：Come this way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z） 狀語從句：時間狀語從句、地點狀

26、語從句、原因狀語從句、結果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句 句子成分定語，它位置靈活，用來修飾限定名詞或代詞，說明名詞或代詞的品質與特征。由形容詞、代詞、數詞、名詞或名詞所有格、介詞短語、不定式等等，相當于一個形容詞，譯為 “ .的”形容詞作定語：The little boy needs a blue pen. Tom is a handsome boy. There is a good boy. 數詞作定語相當于形容詞：Two boys need two pens. The two boys are students. There are two boys i

27、n the room. 代詞或名詞所有格作定語：His boy needs Tom's penHis name is Tom. There are two boys of Toms there. 介詞短語作定語：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy in blue is Tom. There are two boys of 9,and three of 10. 名詞作定語：The boy needs a ball pen. It is a ball pen. There is only one ball pen i

28、n the pencil box. 副詞作定語：The boy there needs a pen. The best boy here is Tom. 不定式作定語：The boy to write this letter needs a pen. The boy to write this letter is Tom. There is nothing to do today. 分詞（短語）作定語：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. The pen bought by her is made in China. There a

29、re five boys left. 定語從句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. The boy you will know is Tom. There are five boys who will play the game.句子成分同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語，都是指同一批學生）We all are students. / (all是we的同位語，都指同樣

30、的我們） 練習(一). 指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I don't like the pictur

31、e on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afte

32、rnoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor

33、 He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn

34、last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didn't know

35、who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is

36、your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her t

37、o take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn

38、 English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought