高一英語名詞性從句講解

1、 名詞性從句1. 種類2.賓語從句的時態(tài)。3. that什么情況下可以省略，什么情況下不可以省略。4. whether 和if 什么時候可以互換，什么時候不可以互換。5. 如何區(qū)分同位語從句與定語從句。1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.3. This is _ he was often late for school.4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun

2、.一名詞性從句的概念： 一個句子在連接詞的引導(dǎo)下，在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。二名詞性從句的功能： 相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。His job is important. (主語)What he does is important. (主語) This is his job. (表語)This is what he does every day. (表語)I dont like his job. (賓語) I dont like what he does every day. (賓語) I dont know about the fact

3、 that he is a teacher. (同位語)I dont know about the man, Mr. White. (同位語)得出結(jié)論：因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分為四類，即：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。三引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞：1、連接代詞：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。l I dont believe _ he has achieved so far.l _ breaks the law should be punish

4、ed.2、連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。l _ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.l Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.l The reason _ he was absent was that he was ill.3、連接詞：that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成

5、分，有時可省略；if (whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。l I dont care about _ you have money or not.l The problem is _ Tom is able to arrive on time.l _ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet. l It looks _ it is going to rain.l The truth is _he didnt come for the concert.l _ the earth is round is true.

6、四名詞性從句的類型：1. 主語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。連接詞有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如:l _ he is a famous singer is known to us.l _ he will go to America is not yet fixed.l _ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much. l _ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.注意：1. 為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕, 經(jīng)常用it作形式主語

7、, 主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。記住以下it作形式主語的句型：e.以it作形式主語，把主語從句后置的常見句型有：1.It is + 名詞+ 從句It's a pity/shame that 很可惜/很遺憾It's no surprise/wonder that 毫不奇怪/很正常2.It is + 形容詞+ 從句It's certain/uncertain/obvious that 肯定/不確定/顯然It's likely/possible/probable that 有可能3.It is + 過去分詞+ 從句It's said/reported/tho

8、ught/believe that 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/大家認為/人們相信4.It +不及物動詞+ that 不及物動詞有seem/happen/appear/occur/doesnt matter/ makes no difference5.It happens that 碰巧l It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.l It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.l It is known to us _ where there is pol

9、lution, there is harm.2. 單個的主語從句作主語時， 謂語動詞用句單數(shù)形式；如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。When and where he was born hasnt been found.When he was born and where he was born havent been found.Exercises:l ._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.l _I can pay back the help that people give

10、 me makes me very happy.l Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident.l _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires2. 表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that , whether, as if, as though

11、; who, what, which, whose;when, where, how, why, because 等。如:l The problem is _ we didnt get in touch with him.l This is _ Henry solved the problem. l His suggestion is _ we (should) finish the work at once.l It looked _ it was going to rain.l The reason _ we didn't trust him is _ he has often l

12、ied注意：1. 如果句子的主語是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名詞時,后面引導(dǎo)的表語從句用should+動詞原形,should可省略。他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.2. The reason is that 的理由是， 的原因是The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.3. It is because 這是因為Exer

13、cises:l This is _ she was born.l The question is _ we cant go there today.l My advice is that he _(go) to school by bike.l _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.l Energy is _ makes things work.3.賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that , whether, if; who, whom, w

14、hose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。如:(1) V + 賓語從句，即“動賓”：We believe that he is honest. / I asked if they had a cheap suit. / Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? / I really dont know what he is doing.l I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one mig

15、ht expect. A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it isl - Dont you believe me? - _, I will believe _ you say.A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whateverl “What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do _ I think I should.” A.

16、when B. that C. how D. what.(2) prep + 賓語從句，即“介賓”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday. / Pay attention to what the teacher said.l I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyonel Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win

17、 the game. A. why B. what C. who D. thatl It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever(3) adj + 賓語從句，即“形賓”：Im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.不能誤將”It + be + adj + that” 的主語從句當(dāng)成賓語從句.如：It is necessary that we sh

18、ould learn English well.注意：(1) whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。賓語從句是否定句時，只用if，不用whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 會引起誤解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句理解）賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換成if。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I

19、 dont know whether the report is true or not.介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用，構(gòu)成whether to do結(jié)構(gòu)。 whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時，只能用if，而不能用whether。They dont know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.Exercises:l I asked her _ she had a bike.l _ we wil

20、l hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.l Were worried about _ he is safe.l I dont know _ he is well or not.l I dont know _ or not he is well.l The question is _ he should do it.(2) 如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，就用it作形式賓語，將賓語從句后置，并且that不可以省略.He has made it clear that he will win the game.I f

21、ind it necessary that we should learn English well.We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.(3) 表示“堅持，建議，命令，要求”的賓語從句，如一堅持insist，二命令order command三建議advise, suggest, recommend四要求 request, require, demand，desire 等，從句用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形,should可省略。I insisted that he (should) go with

22、us. 堅持要求He suggested that we should go to the park now.建議She insisted that she was true.堅持認為The heavy cloud suggests that it is going to rain.暗示、表明(4) 在“主語+ believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，其否定形式要用否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即主句否定，從句肯定。I dont think he will come.I dont think Ill trouble you again.I dont expect that t

23、hey will get married soon.(5) 賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：a. 如果主句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài).他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的. He believes _ .b .請告訴我你昨天去了哪兒. Please tell me _.b. 如果主句謂語是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態(tài),但如果從句表達的是客觀事實、真理、自然規(guī)律等時，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備. He told me _.他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。 He told me _.老師告訴我們有志者事竟成. The teacher told

24、us _.Exercises:l Do you see _ I mean?l We must stick to _ we have agreed on.l Let me see _I can repair the radio.4. 同位語從句：在復(fù)合句中起同位語的作用。 一般放在名詞 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news, information; hope; thought; promise等之后, 用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。常用 that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, which等引導(dǎo)

25、(whose和which 不引導(dǎo)同位語從句)l We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.l The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.l The fact_he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.注意：1. 名詞suggestion, advice, order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形, should可省略。a. The suggestion that he _（put）forward at

26、the meeting was agreed to by most people.2. 同位語從句有時沒有緊跟在名詞后面，而是被別的詞分開，稱為隔裂式同位語從句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.l The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.l Theres a feeling in me _well never know what

27、 a UFO is-not ever.l It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.l Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. 3. 如何判斷同位語從句和定語從句?a. 定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分，充當(dāng)賓語成分時可省略。b. 同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從

28、句的that 在同位語從句中不做任何成分，只起連接作用, 無具體含義,且不可省略.五名詞性從句的考點歸納：1. 名詞性從句的語序：a. That + 陳述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His breakb. 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述語序，不能

29、用一般疑問句語序, 即“疑問詞+句子的剩余成分”。I dont know when he will go to Nanjing. / This is what we are looking for.a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) b. Could you tell me where does he live? ( )2. 表示“建議，命令，要求”的名詞性從句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand等，要用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形, shou

30、ld可省略。3. that 可省略的情況：單個賓語從句中的that可省略that不可省略的情況：主語從句/表語從句/同位語從句/用it做形式賓語的賓語從句/并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略l I dont think _ she is coming.l It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.l He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.4. 關(guān)于whether 與if 的使用：l What the doctor is uncerta

31、in about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.l The question is _the film is worth seeing.l _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.Exercise: l 我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.l 我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yeste

32、rday.l 我不知道他長的什么樣子。I have no idea _ he looks like.l 這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.相關(guān)練習(xí)：1. I have no idea _he will come back.2. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.3. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because4.- Can I help