（精心整理）狀語(yǔ)從句

1、狀語(yǔ)從句1、 概念：狀語(yǔ)從句指句子用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。2、 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:when, as, while當(dāng).時(shí) before在.之前, after.在.之后, since自從.以來(lái) , till, until直到.為止，as soon as一.就.,特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the minute一.就., the moment一.就., th

2、e second這一秒, every time每次, immediately一.就. , directly一.就., no sooner than一.就., hardly when一.就., scarcely whenDont be afraid of asking for help when it is needed. 如果你需要時(shí)別不敢求援。 Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as Father was away in France.媽媽很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾?ài)麗絲病了，尤其是在爸爸遠(yuǎn)在法國(guó)的這個(gè)時(shí)候。 What

3、 have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見(jiàn)面以后，你在做什么？ -What was the party like?晚會(huì)怎么樣？ -Wonderful. Its years since I enjoyed myself so much.好極了。多年了我從未如此高興。Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的魚(yú)都死了村民們才意識(shí)到污染的嚴(yán)重性。-Im going to the po

4、st office 我要到郵局去。-While you are there，can you get me some stamps？你在那時(shí)，能給我買些郵票嗎？ Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the telephone.有人半夜給我打電話，但是我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及接他們就掛斷了。He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.他一到實(shí)驗(yàn)室就著手工作。Ill go to t

5、he cinema after Ive finished the work. 完成作業(yè)后，我將去看電影。Ill give you a phone as soon as I come back. 我一回來(lái)就給你打電話。I havent heard from Tom since May. 自從五月份以來(lái)我就沒(méi)有收到湯姆的信。He worked till midnight.他一直工作到深夜。Come to see me whenever you like.不論何時(shí)，只要你高興就可以來(lái)見(jiàn)我。Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.他剛一到,

6、 她就開(kāi)始抱怨起來(lái)。Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？你記著還給瑪麗的欠款了嗎？YesI gave it to her the moment I saw her是的。我一見(jiàn)到她就還給她了。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次見(jiàn)她就對(duì)她印象很好并認(rèn)為她很誠(chéng)實(shí)。Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回來(lái)，都把鞋子丟在地板上。I didnt

7、 have a penny the last time I saw you.上一次見(jiàn)你時(shí)，我身無(wú)分文。I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看見(jiàn)她就把她認(rèn)出來(lái)了。The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年輕女士一聽(tīng)到響聲就沖進(jìn)房間。Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校長(zhǎng)一進(jìn)來(lái)，大家就安靜下來(lái)。二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:where特殊引導(dǎo)詞:wherever, anywhere, everywh

8、ereYou should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成慣例，將東西放在你能找到的地方。She found her calculator where she lost it. 他在她丟的地方找到了計(jì)算器。Everywhere they went, the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.貴賓每到一處都受到了熱烈的歡迎。Sit wherever you like.請(qǐng)隨便坐。You can take it with you wherever

9、you go.不論走到什么地方，你都可隨身攜帶它。注意：where除了表示地點(diǎn)外，還可以表示條件、對(duì)比和讓步。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（條件）We want to stay at home, where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.我們想留在家里，而孩子們卻愿到鄉(xiāng)間度假。（對(duì)比）Wherever I went, the dog followed me. 無(wú)論我走到哪里，這只狗總跟著我。（讓步）3、 原因狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:because, sinc

10、e, as, for特殊引導(dǎo)詞:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much asJane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因?yàn)樘煜掠?，所以詹穿著雨衣。Ill do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我來(lái)替你做吧。Since you insist, Ill go.既然你堅(jiān)持，那我就去。We had better hurry as its getting dark

11、.因?yàn)樘炜煲诹?，我們最好快點(diǎn)。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚準(zhǔn)是下雨了，今天早上地面還是濕的。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.小鳥(niǎo)在歌唱，一定是天亮了。Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了機(jī)會(huì)，你要充分利用它。*seeing that, considering that和in that引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 這幾個(gè)連詞同since,

12、 as 近義，都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)，原因”是之意。 Considering that hes only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.鑒于他只學(xué)了一年， 他英語(yǔ)講得就是很好。 Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doctor.鑒于他病情嚴(yán)重，他們派人請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。 In that she is ill, she feels unable to do it.因?yàn)椴×?，她覺(jué)得不能做那件事。*not thatbut that引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句這是一種加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的表示原因的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是因

13、為，而是因?yàn)椤盢ot that I dont like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因?yàn)槲也幌矚g這部電影，而是因?yàn)槲覜](méi)時(shí)間看。四、目的狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, in order that特殊引導(dǎo)詞:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatJohn shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise

14、 for the party. 約翰把其他人關(guān)在廚房外，目的是能夠?yàn)橥頃?huì)烹飪出人意料的東西。These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 這些人甘冒生命危險(xiǎn)，是為了讓我們活得更安全些。Drive carefully (so) that everyone can enjoy a long life.開(kāi)車小心點(diǎn)，讓大家多活幾年。辨析：in order that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首、與句尾，而so that 引導(dǎo)的只能放在句尾；如果從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致都可轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式。She went downtown s

15、o that/in order that she would buy some clothes.= She went downtown so as to /in order to buy some clothes.為了買些衣服她進(jìn)城。In order that he could make himself understood, he explained it again.= In order to make himself understood, he explained it again.為了讓大家理解，他又解釋了一遍。*lest, for fear that和in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句

16、 這三個(gè)連詞詞組的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的從句一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但有時(shí)也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得順著她，免得她生氣。Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽(yáng)很利害，你就把帽子戴上。五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:so that, so that, such that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞:such that, to the degree that,

17、to the extent that, to such a degree thatSo difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.我感到在講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家里生活太難了，因此我決定學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。He worked hard so that he passed the exam. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，結(jié)果通過(guò)了考試。He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.他講了那么

18、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，人們開(kāi)始打起瞌睡了。*sothat與suchthat的區(qū)別這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞；such是形容詞，后接名詞。（1）單數(shù)名詞在so.that與such.that中間出現(xiàn)的是單數(shù)名詞，且該名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可互換，但要注意它們的詞序不同:such+ a/an+形容詞十名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老師，我們都敬愛(ài)她。

19、（2）不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如果被修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一般須用such.that。He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他進(jìn)步很快，不久就開(kāi)始用英語(yǔ)寫文章。(不可數(shù)名詞)They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.這些書是那么有趣以致我們都想讀一讀。(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)（3）名詞前有many，much，little，few修飾時(shí)如果不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有many，muc

20、h，little，few修飾時(shí)，則用sothat。Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一塊紫一塊的。(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)George had so little money that he had to get a job.喬治沒(méi)有錢，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可數(shù)名詞)They are such little children that they cant do anything.他們是小孩，什么事情都干不了。巧記so和such引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句名前such，形、副so，多多少少也用so。little屬特

21、殊，“小”用such，“少”用so。*but, but that 和but what 如果主句中含有never, never so, not so, not such等否定詞，可用but, but that 和but what引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，構(gòu)成雙重否定，相當(dāng)于thatnot或unless，可以譯成“沒(méi)有不”。She never comes but she borrows. She never comes unless she borrows.她不借東西不來(lái)。She is so old but that she can read.她并未老到不能讀書的地步。There is no man so

22、 learned but what he can learn something from this book.再博學(xué)的人都會(huì)本書學(xué)到一些東西。*如何判斷so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 當(dāng)表達(dá)的含義是“為了”、“以便”時(shí)，為目的狀語(yǔ)從句；當(dāng)表達(dá)的是“以至于”、“因 此”含義時(shí)，為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)如 果你的確知道，應(yīng)大聲回答，以便讓全班學(xué)生都可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。 It rained hard the day before

23、yesterday, so that she had to stay at home.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)前天雨下 得很大，因此她只好呆在家里。六、條件狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞:if, unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatif 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”（if not）You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走，否

24、則，你會(huì)遲到。The WTO can not live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.世貿(mào)組織如果不讓一個(gè)擁有世界五分之一人口的國(guó)家加入，那它就名不符實(shí)。由suppose，supposing，as/so long as， providing, provided, on condition that和in case等引導(dǎo)這類連詞（詞組）意思相近，有：“如果、假設(shè)、即使、在條件下”等意義。Suppose (Supposing) he is ill, what

25、shall we do? 如果他病了，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？Youll do all right, as long as you follow his advice.只要你聽(tīng)從他的勸告，你就會(huì)干得很好的。In case John comes, please tell him to wait.假如約翰來(lái)了，請(qǐng)讓他稍候。You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it. 倘若這本書沒(méi)有其他人想借的話，你可以再續(xù)借一個(gè)禮拜。7、 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:though, although, even if,

26、 even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞: as(用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheveAlthough journalism seems like a good profession，I would prefer to be a teacher雖然新聞業(yè)好像是一個(gè)很好的職業(yè)，但是我更喜歡當(dāng)老師。We wont give up even if we should fail

27、 ten times.即使是我們失敗十次，我們也不會(huì)放棄。He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy盡管他很忙，他可能給了你更多的幫助。*由as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.我雖然取得地方多，但是我從來(lái)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)像約翰這么能干的人。Well have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes.

28、不管需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，我們都一定完成這項(xiàng)工作。No matter what(Whatever) you do, dont tell him that I told you this. 無(wú)論你做什么，別告訴他我對(duì)你說(shuō)過(guò)這件事。No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. 不管這水看起來(lái)多么純凈，我不喜歡喝它。No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company.不管你到哪去，我都會(huì)陪著你。注意：no matter 可以和whether和if連用。No matter whether(if) it snows or not, I shall start on the journey.不論下雪與否，我都將出發(fā)去旅行。I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不論你和我一起來(lái)還是留在家中，我都要前往。八、比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞:as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞:the more the more ; just as , so; A is to B wh