（精心整理）狀語從句

1、狀語從句1、 概念：狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。根據其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。2、 時間狀語從句常用引導詞:when, as, while當.時 before在.之前, after.在.之后, since自從.以來 , till, until直到.為止，as soon as一.就.,特殊引導詞:the minute一.就., the moment一.就., th

2、e second這一秒, every time每次, immediately一.就. , directly一.就., no sooner than一.就., hardly when一.就., scarcely whenDont be afraid of asking for help when it is needed. 如果你需要時別不敢求援。 Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as Father was away in France.媽媽很擔心，因為小愛麗絲病了，尤其是在爸爸遠在法國的這個時候。 What

3、 have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見面以后，你在做什么？ -What was the party like?晚會怎么樣？ -Wonderful. Its years since I enjoyed myself so much.好極了。多年了我從未如此高興。Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的魚都死了村民們才意識到污染的嚴重性。-Im going to the po

4、st office 我要到郵局去。-While you are there，can you get me some stamps？你在那時，能給我買些郵票嗎？ Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the telephone.有人半夜給我打電話，但是我還沒來得及接他們就掛斷了。He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.他一到實驗室就著手工作。Ill go to t

5、he cinema after Ive finished the work. 完成作業(yè)后，我將去看電影。Ill give you a phone as soon as I come back. 我一回來就給你打電話。I havent heard from Tom since May. 自從五月份以來我就沒有收到湯姆的信。He worked till midnight.他一直工作到深夜。Come to see me whenever you like.不論何時，只要你高興就可以來見我。Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.他剛一到,

6、 她就開始抱怨起來。Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？你記著還給瑪麗的欠款了嗎？YesI gave it to her the moment I saw her是的。我一見到她就還給她了。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次見她就對她印象很好并認為她很誠實。Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回來，都把鞋子丟在地板上。I didnt

7、 have a penny the last time I saw you.上一次見你時，我身無分文。I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看見她就把她認出來了。The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年輕女士一聽到響聲就沖進房間。Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校長一進來，大家就安靜下來。二、地點狀語從句常用引導詞:where特殊引導詞:wherever, anywhere, everywh

8、ereYou should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你應當養(yǎng)成慣例，將東西放在你能找到的地方。She found her calculator where she lost it. 他在她丟的地方找到了計算器。Everywhere they went, the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.貴賓每到一處都受到了熱烈的歡迎。Sit wherever you like.請隨便坐。You can take it with you wherever

9、you go.不論走到什么地方，你都可隨身攜帶它。注意：where除了表示地點外，還可以表示條件、對比和讓步。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（條件）We want to stay at home, where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.我們想留在家里，而孩子們卻愿到鄉(xiāng)間度假。（對比）Wherever I went, the dog followed me. 無論我走到哪里，這只狗總跟著我。（讓步）3、 原因狀語從句常用引導詞:because, sinc

10、e, as, for特殊引導詞:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much asJane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因為天下雨，所以詹穿著雨衣。Ill do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我來替你做吧。Since you insist, Ill go.既然你堅持，那我就去。We had better hurry as its getting dark

11、.因為天快要黑了，我們最好快點。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚準是下雨了，今天早上地面還是濕的。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.小鳥在歌唱，一定是天亮了。Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了機會，你要充分利用它。*seeing that, considering that和in that引導原因狀語從句 這幾個連詞同since,

12、 as 近義，都有“鑒于某個事實，原因”是之意。 Considering that hes only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.鑒于他只學了一年， 他英語講得就是很好。 Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doctor.鑒于他病情嚴重，他們派人請醫(yī)生。 In that she is ill, she feels unable to do it.因為病了，她覺得不能做那件事。*not thatbut that引導原因狀語從句這是一種加強語氣的表示原因的結構，意為“不是因

13、為，而是因為”Not that I dont like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因為我不喜歡這部電影，而是因為我沒時間看。四、目的狀語從句常用引導詞:so that, in order that特殊引導詞:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatJohn shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise

14、 for the party. 約翰把其他人關在廚房外，目的是能夠為晚會烹飪出人意料的東西。These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 這些人甘冒生命危險，是為了讓我們活得更安全些。Drive carefully (so) that everyone can enjoy a long life.開車小心點，讓大家多活幾年。辨析：in order that引導的狀語從句可以放在句首、與句尾，而so that 引導的只能放在句尾；如果從句主語與主句主語一致都可轉換成不定式。She went downtown s

15、o that/in order that she would buy some clothes.= She went downtown so as to /in order to buy some clothes.為了買些衣服她進城。In order that he could make himself understood, he explained it again.= In order to make himself understood, he explained it again.為了讓大家理解，他又解釋了一遍。*lest, for fear that和in case引導目的狀語從句

16、 這三個連詞詞組的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的從句一般要用虛擬語氣，形式是“should+動詞原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case從句一般用虛擬語氣，但有時也可以用陳述語氣。I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得順著她，免得她生氣。Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽很利害，你就把帽子戴上。五、結果狀語從句常用引導詞:so that, so that, such that,特殊引導詞:such that, to the degree that,

17、to the extent that, to such a degree thatSo difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.我感到在講英語的國家里生活太難了，因此我決定學好英語。He worked hard so that he passed the exam. 他學習很努力，結果通過了考試。He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.他講了那么

18、長時間，人們開始打起瞌睡了。*sothat與suchthat的區(qū)別這兩種結構都可引導結果狀語從句。so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞；such是形容詞，后接名詞。（1）單數名詞在so.that與such.that中間出現的是單數名詞，且該名詞前有形容詞修飾時，這兩種結構可互換，但要注意它們的詞序不同:such+ a/an+形容詞十名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老師，我們都敬愛她。

19、（2）不可數名詞或復數可數名詞如果被修飾的是不可數名詞或復數可數名詞時，一般須用such.that。He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他進步很快，不久就開始用英語寫文章。(不可數名詞)They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.這些書是那么有趣以致我們都想讀一讀。(復數可數名詞)（3）名詞前有many，much，little，few修飾時如果不可數名詞或復數可數名詞前有many，muc

20、h，little，few修飾時，則用sothat。Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一塊紫一塊的。(復數可數名詞)George had so little money that he had to get a job.喬治沒有錢，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可數名詞)They are such little children that they cant do anything.他們是小孩，什么事情都干不了。巧記so和such引導結果狀語從句名前such，形、副so，多多少少也用so。little屬特

21、殊，“小”用such，“少”用so。*but, but that 和but what 如果主句中含有never, never so, not so, not such等否定詞，可用but, but that 和but what引導結果狀語從句，構成雙重否定，相當于thatnot或unless，可以譯成“沒有不”。She never comes but she borrows. She never comes unless she borrows.她不借東西不來。She is so old but that she can read.她并未老到不能讀書的地步。There is no man so

22、 learned but what he can learn something from this book.再博學的人都會本書學到一些東西。*如何判斷so that引導的目的狀語從句與結果狀語從句 當表達的含義是“為了”、“以便”時，為目的狀語從句；當表達的是“以至于”、“因 此”含義時，為結果狀語從句。 If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.(目的狀語從句)如 果你的確知道，應大聲回答，以便讓全班學生都可以聽見。 It rained hard the day before

23、yesterday, so that she had to stay at home.(結果狀語從句)前天雨下 得很大，因此她只好呆在家里。六、條件狀語從句 常用引導詞:if, unless,特殊引導詞:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatif 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”（if not）You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走，否

24、則，你會遲到。The WTO can not live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.世貿組織如果不讓一個擁有世界五分之一人口的國家加入，那它就名不符實。由suppose，supposing，as/so long as， providing, provided, on condition that和in case等引導這類連詞（詞組）意思相近，有：“如果、假設、即使、在條件下”等意義。Suppose (Supposing) he is ill, what

25、shall we do? 如果他病了，我們該怎么辦？Youll do all right, as long as you follow his advice.只要你聽從他的勸告，你就會干得很好的。In case John comes, please tell him to wait.假如約翰來了，請讓他稍候。You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it. 倘若這本書沒有其他人想借的話，你可以再續(xù)借一個禮拜。7、 讓步狀語從句常用引導詞:though, although, even if,

26、 even though特殊引導詞: as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheveAlthough journalism seems like a good profession，I would prefer to be a teacher雖然新聞業(yè)好像是一個很好的職業(yè)，但是我更喜歡當老師。We wont give up even if we should fail

27、 ten times.即使是我們失敗十次，我們也不會放棄。He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy盡管他很忙，他可能給了你更多的幫助。*由as或though引導讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.我雖然取得地方多，但是我從來沒見過像約翰這么能干的人。Well have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes.

28、不管需要多長時間，我們都一定完成這項工作。No matter what(Whatever) you do, dont tell him that I told you this. 無論你做什么，別告訴他我對你說過這件事。No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. 不管這水看起來多么純凈，我不喜歡喝它。No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company.不管你到哪去，我都會陪著你。注意：no matter 可以和whether和if連用。No matter whether(if) it snows or not, I shall start on the journey.不論下雪與否，我都將出發(fā)去旅行。I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不論你和我一起來還是留在家中，我都要前往。八、比較狀語從句常用引導詞:as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導詞:the more the more ; just as , so; A is to B wh