替代詞one,ones,that,those,it,this,that講解[整理]

1、替代詞替代詞one, ones, that, those, it, this, that1)one, ones, that, thoseThat替換替換單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；one只只替換替換單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。Eg: The vase on the left is more beautiful than _ on the right.The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than _in Mexico.the onethatThat只用于替換表示只用于替換表示事物事物的名的名詞，詞， 而而one/one

2、s替換表示替換表示人人和和表示表示事物事物的名詞皆可。的名詞皆可。Eg: His younger sister is taller than the elder _.I need the plastic bags, not the paper_ .oneonesThat/ those一般不帶前置定語(yǔ)，但必須有后置定語(yǔ)。一般不帶前置定語(yǔ)，但必須有后置定語(yǔ)。One/ones都可。當(dāng)替換詞的后置定語(yǔ)用所有格的都可。當(dāng)替換詞的后置定語(yǔ)用所有格的of短語(yǔ)或當(dāng)替換詞被所有格修飾時(shí)，不用短語(yǔ)或當(dāng)替換詞被所有格修飾時(shí)，不用one/ones而而用用that of/those of. Eg: I like the

3、 vase better than _in another shop.The windows of your flat are cleaner than_of mine. A grandparents job is easier than_of a parent.The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while_in their school arent.the one / thatthosethatthoseThat/ those用于替換有定冠詞的名詞；用于替換有定冠詞的名詞；one/ones用于替換有不定冠詞的名

4、詞。用于替換有不定冠詞的名詞。Eg: The style of the building is similar to _of a temple.A CD player made in Japan costs more than _made in China.thatone2) it, this和和 that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情況，細(xì)微差別在都可以替代前文已提到的事或情況，細(xì)微差別在于于it不如其余兩者那么強(qiáng)調(diào)。不如其余兩者那么強(qiáng)調(diào)。Eg: So she decided to paint the door pink. _upset the neighbours a bit.So she

5、decided to paint the house pink. _really upset the neighbours.ItThat當(dāng)前面提到的事物不止一件時(shí)，當(dāng)前面提到的事物不止一件時(shí)， it通常指最先提到通常指最先提到的事物，而的事物，而this/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。Eg: We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. _is mainly used by the children. (指指 the machine) We keep the ice cream machine in the spare ro

6、om. _is mainly used by the children. (指指the spare room)ItThis/ThatThis可以出現(xiàn)在它所指代的事物之前；而可以出現(xiàn)在它所指代的事物之前；而that則則指上文所提到的事物。指上文所提到的事物。Eg: Listen to_! We will have three days off. “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Who said_?thisthatEg: I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using_ now.I boug

7、ht a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _soon.It用以指特定的前面提到過的事物，即：用以指特定的前面提到過的事物，即：it和和它替換的是同一個(gè)事物，它替換的是同一個(gè)事物，it前無修飾語(yǔ)；而前無修飾語(yǔ)；而one用于替換與前提事物有共同之處但并不完用于替換與前提事物有共同之處但并不完全一樣的事物，因此，全一樣的事物，因此，one之前或之后一定有之前或之后一定有修飾語(yǔ)來加以區(qū)別。修飾語(yǔ)來加以區(qū)別。3) It和和one itone It引起的幾個(gè)易混淆的時(shí)間句型引起的幾個(gè)易混淆的時(shí)間句型 It + be + 時(shí)間時(shí)間

8、 + since-clause 這個(gè)句型表示從這個(gè)句型表示從since 從從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生以后到現(xiàn)在或過去所經(jīng)過的一段時(shí)間句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生以后到現(xiàn)在或過去所經(jīng)過的一段時(shí)間，意為，意為“自從自從.以來已多久了以來已多久了” It is three years since his father passed away . It + be + 時(shí)間時(shí)間 + before-clause 這個(gè)句型中的時(shí)間一般為表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)這個(gè)句型中的時(shí)間一般為表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ) (如：如：a a long time , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的謂語(yǔ)

9、動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為“過多過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才.”。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為“沒過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就沒過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就.”。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過去時(shí)。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過去時(shí)was或?qū)頃r(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)will be；用；用was 時(shí)，時(shí)，before從句的動(dòng)詞用一般從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；用過去時(shí)；用will be 時(shí)，時(shí)，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 她沒過多久就背會(huì)了那些詩(shī)歌。她沒過多久就背會(huì)了那些詩(shī)歌。 It was _she learned those poems by heart . 過了很久警察才來。過了很久警察才

10、來。It was _the police arrived . 要過好幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才會(huì)作出決定。要過好幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才會(huì)作出決定。 It _hours before he makes a decision . 要不了幾個(gè)小時(shí)我們還會(huì)再見面的。要不了幾個(gè)小時(shí)我們還會(huì)再見面的。 _before meet again . not long beforelong beforewill beIt will not be hours 3. It + be + 時(shí)間時(shí)間 + when-clause 這個(gè)句型中這個(gè)句型中, it 指時(shí)間，而且表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)指時(shí)間，而且表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)前沒有介詞前沒有介詞(時(shí)間一般為具體

11、時(shí)間時(shí)間一般為具體時(shí)間)。主句中的。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是是一致的，主句是will be，when從句用一般從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。It was already 8 oclock when we got home .It was the next morning when we finished our work .It will be midnight when they get there . It + be + 時(shí)間時(shí)間 + that-clause 這個(gè)句型是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)句型是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。例

12、如：句型。例如： It was two years ago that he made animportant invention . (原句是：原句是：_)It was at 5 oclock that he practised playing the violin in the morning . (原句是：原句是：_) 比較：比較：It was 5 oclock when he started in the morning . (5 oclock前沒有介詞，這是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從前沒有介詞，這是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句句) He made an important invention two years ago

13、. He practised playing the violin at 5 oclock in the morning . It + be + time + that-clause這個(gè)句型屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，不管主句中用的是這個(gè)句型屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，不管主句中用的是 is 或或 was ，that從句都須用動(dòng)詞的過去式或從句都須用動(dòng)詞的過去式或should + 動(dòng)詞原型動(dòng)詞原型(但不及用過去式普通但不及用過去式普通)，在，在time之前有時(shí)可加上之前有時(shí)可加上high或或about 以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。例如：例如： It is time(that)we handed in our exercis

14、es .(= It is time that we should hand in ourexercises .) It is high time (that ) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend . It / This / That + the first(second , third ) time + that-clause這個(gè)句型表示截止到說話時(shí)為止的某人的一種這個(gè)句型表示截止到說話時(shí)為止的某人的一種經(jīng)歷，關(guān)鍵是注意經(jīng)歷，關(guān)鍵是注意time前有序數(shù)詞，主句是前有序數(shù)詞，主句是 is 時(shí)時(shí) ，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句用一般過，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果

15、主句用一般過去時(shí)去時(shí)was ，則從句須相應(yīng)地用過去完成時(shí)。，則從句須相應(yīng)地用過去完成時(shí)。例如：例如： This is the first time (that) these Europeans _the Great Wall . It was the fifth time (that) I _a friendly visit to Africa . had paidhave visited There起始的句型歸納：起始的句型歸納： 1） there live/stand/lie/exist There lay a ditch two metres wide ahead.2) There co

16、me/go/appear/occur/follow用于用于描述某事的發(fā)生或某個(gè)動(dòng)作的開始。描述某事的發(fā)生或某個(gè)動(dòng)作的開始。Eg: There will follow a break of 10 minutes and then we will go on with the lecture.3) There being（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）Eg: There being nothing left in the fridge, we had to do some shopping first.4) there to be結(jié)構(gòu)常見于動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)常見于動(dòng)詞intend, mean, consid

17、er, hate, want等詞后。等詞后。Eg: No one would expect there to be a war in his country. I dont want there to be another accident like this. 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：It+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who(whom)/that+其其他部分他部分it可以用來對(duì)句子的某一成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)?？梢杂脕韺?duì)句子的某一成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。It 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句 Eg: Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was Nancy who saw you

18、r sister in Tokyo last week. It was your sister whom Nancy saw in Tokyo last week. It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week. It was last week that Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo.有些否定句也可以改成這種強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：有些否定句也可以改成這種強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：It wasnt until last summer that I heard from her. I didnt do all this for my

19、self. It wasnt for myself that I did all this.問句也可變成這種結(jié)構(gòu)：?jiǎn)柧湟部勺兂蛇@種結(jié)構(gòu)：Who called him “comrade”?Who was it that called him “comrade”?How did you forget to lock the door?How was it that you forgot to lock the door?Ex:把下列句子改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句：把下列句子改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句：1.Tom broke the window last night.2. They want money.3. Peter saw

20、 his friend in the park yesterday.4. I didnt have an opportunity of seeing her again for several years. 5. Why does everyone think Im narrow-minded?6. I didnt receive my letter until yesterday?7. Did Dick call the meeting last week?8. Did it happen in 1980? Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but _ didnt help . A. he B. which C. she D. it As _ happens , I have brought my umbrella with me . A. it B. this C. that D. such 3. _has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules . A. As B. It C. That D. This 4. It was