高中同位語(yǔ)從句精講和練習(xí)題

1、同位語(yǔ)從句講解是名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從旬、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語(yǔ)表示與之同位的名詞（短語(yǔ)）的實(shí)際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞（短語(yǔ)）加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，它們之間的關(guān)系是同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。詳細(xì)信息一個(gè)內(nèi)叫或其它形式）對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定或說(shuō)明，這個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。1 .名詞作同位語(yǔ)MrWang,mychild'steacher,w川bevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來(lái)看我們。2 .短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)1,

2、theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3 .直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問(wèn)題：“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?？? .句子作同位語(yǔ)ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。

3、同位語(yǔ)從句用法同位語(yǔ)部分是個(gè)句子，就是同位語(yǔ)從句，這種用法比較"固定”一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我聽到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。二、可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words（消息）,possibility等。I'vecomefromMr.Wingwithamessagethathewon'tbeableto

4、seeyouthisafternoon.我從王先生那里來(lái)，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。三、英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通有連詞that,whether,連接副詞how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。）Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必須回答他是否同意這樣個(gè)問(wèn)題。四、有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。同位語(yǔ)從句-引導(dǎo)詞同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

5、、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞語(yǔ)通常有連詞that,whether,連接代詞和連接副詞等。1 .連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句（注：引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略）Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)月而筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（作idea的同位語(yǔ)）【注意11在某些名詞（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)

6、。【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。HegabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。2 .連詞whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句（注：if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.我們是否請(qǐng)專家由家庭醫(yī)生來(lái)定?！咀⒁狻縲hether可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。其它引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句

7、連接代詞what,who,whom,whose,which引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句1） .Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。（what作定語(yǔ)）2） .Ihavenoideawhichwineisbestit'samatterofpersonaltaste.我不知道哪種灑最好，這是個(gè)人口味的問(wèn)題。（which作定語(yǔ)）3） .Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.（who作主語(yǔ)）4.連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句連接副詞when,where,how,whyWehaventyetsettledthequ

8、estionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒有決定。同位語(yǔ)從句-相關(guān)語(yǔ)法一、同位語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置1 .一般情況下同位語(yǔ)從句跟在某些名詞（如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等）的后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。I'vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon'tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我從王先生那邊得知一個(gè)消息，他說(shuō)他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。2 .有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后，而被別

9、的詞語(yǔ)隔開，在語(yǔ)法上叫做分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.她突然想起可能在她離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。二、同位語(yǔ)從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪兒聽說(shuō)我不能來(lái)？三、同位語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)氣在suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)

10、，句中的should可以省略。Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe（should）usethecomputer.老師給我們提出了些如何使用電腦的建議。四、同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞通常是抽象名詞，常見的有：idea,situationthought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,news,order,ability等等。HowdidthecheatsexplainthefactthattheEmperordidn'tfeelthenewclothesinhim?皇帝覺得身上并

11、沒有穿上新衣，對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題騙子是怎樣解釋的？代詞it可用作同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。這個(gè)it常放在某些皿或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)-同時(shí)兼作其后that同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.幸虧你,我現(xiàn)在還活著。有的語(yǔ)法學(xué)家把先行詞it后的that從句看作是動(dòng)詞或介詞的真正賓語(yǔ)。一般認(rèn)為，這種it后的that從句應(yīng)看作it的同位語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)于“主語(yǔ)+beM語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。Youmustsetoitthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.（二Youmustseetoit,andItisthatthechildrendon'tcatchcol

12、d.）你要當(dāng)心，別讓孩子們著涼了。同位語(yǔ)從句-語(yǔ)法區(qū)別與定語(yǔ)從句的的語(yǔ)法區(qū)別：1 .意義的不同同位語(yǔ)從句是用于說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語(yǔ)通?？梢詣澋忍?hào)；而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的,它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別開來(lái)：Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.聽到他要來(lái)這個(gè)消息我們很高興。（news的內(nèi)容就是thathewillcome,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句）Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。（that從句是限制thenews的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)ne

13、ws而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語(yǔ)從句）2 .引導(dǎo)詞的不同what,how,if,whatever等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。3 .引導(dǎo)詞的功能上的不同that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，要么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。如上例thathetoldus中的that就充當(dāng)told的賓語(yǔ)。4 .被修飾詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。另外，when和wher

14、e引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞，而它彳門引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不一定；又如why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它通常只修飾名詞thereason,而它引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則不一定：1 havenoideawhentheywillcome.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候來(lái)。（同位語(yǔ)從句）I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedthere.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。（定語(yǔ)從句）同位語(yǔ)從句-特殊形式1.間隔同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句通常是跟在它解釋或說(shuō)明的名詞后，但有些情況下，由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的原因，同位語(yǔ)從句不緊跟在名詞后，而被其他的詞隔開。Awarmthoughtsuddenlyca

15、metomethatImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday簡(jiǎn)析：由于that從句太長(zhǎng)，為避免句子失去平衡，此處用了間隔同位語(yǔ)從句,request和order等名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Shemadearequestthatthedoctor（should）besentforatonce.她請(qǐng)求立即請(qǐng)醫(yī)生來(lái)。簡(jiǎn)析：suggestion,order,request,proposal,requirement,commandadvice,proposition和recommendation等名詞后接同位語(yǔ)從句

16、時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“（should+）動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，其中should一詞可省略。3.短語(yǔ)及固定句式后的同位語(yǔ)從句IwillcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.如果約翰也被邀請(qǐng)的話，我就來(lái)。簡(jiǎn)析：短語(yǔ)Oncondition,onsupposition,ontheground（s）,ontheunderstanding,withtheexception,inspiteofthefact,ontheassumption及句式Therebe+nodoubt（hope,chance,possibility,）后的that從句為同位語(yǔ)從句。練習(xí)一.單選1. Hiss

17、uccesswasbecauseofhehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichfactthatfact2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idon'tknow."A. fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB. fromwhatcityshecomeC. whatcitydoesshecomefromD. whatcityshecomesfrommakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever4. The

18、reasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot5. Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for6. Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso7. HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow.A. howheisgettingalon

19、gB. howishegettingalongC. whatheisgettingalongD. whatishegettingalong8. Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever9. Heaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis10. Iamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.oftha

20、tD.thatwhat11. Whenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeewonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts13.Maryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidforisnoreasonfordismissingher.A. Becauseshewasafewminu

21、teslateB. OwingtoafewminuteslateC. ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD. Beingafewminuteslate15. Theycametotheconclusionbyacomputer.A. thatnotallthingscanbedoneB. becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC. beingnotallthingscanbedoneD. becausenotallthingscanbedone16. Whytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanth

22、adbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that17. Idon'tdoubthe'llcome.A.thatBifC.whatD.whether18. "Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit19. Outputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB

23、.whichC.whatD.ofwhich20. Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearnssurprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That.whatB.What.thatC.That.whichD

24、.What.which22. Wegavehimhelpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this23. Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimandyouhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat24. ExcusemewouldyoupleasetellmeA. whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB. whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC. whenisthesportsmeettobeginD. whenthesportsmeetist

25、otakeplace25. DoyouhappentoknowA. whatsizeshoeshewearsB. howbigshoeshewearsC. whatisthesizeofhisshoesD. whatnumbershoesarehis26. Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.A. howyouhaveobservedB. howwhatyouhaveobservedC. thatyouhaveobservedD. howthatyouhaveobserved27. WheredoyouthinkA.hashegoneB.ha

26、shebeenC.he'sgoneD.washe28. DoyouknowA. howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB. howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldC. howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD. whatthepopulationoftheworldis29. WouldyougoandseeoutsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen30. Thesubjec

27、tof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."isA.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.IIthinkheisCharles.A. WhodoyouthinkheisB. DoyouthinkwhoheisC. WhomdoyouthinkheisD. Doyouthinkwhoheis32. Hedidn'tknowwhichroom.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein33. Thelittleboyateh

28、ismothergavehim.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat34. Thecityisnolonger.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe35. Myparentsusedtheyhadtogetanewcarforme.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhatwegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If.doB.That.doC.If.doesD.That.doeswastheideathewifethoughtofA.What

29、.thatB.That.whatC.How.whyD.Why.howdidhetellhiswifehewishedtodoA.That.whatB.What.thatC.Where.whichD.Which.whereofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat40 .Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which41 ."Doyouknow""Hisfatheris

30、adoctor."A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris42. IsthiswemeteachothertwoyearsagoA.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich43. ItBobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthatallknowthetruththereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.A.whe

31、reB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever45. Theydiscussedtheycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether46. Sheasked.A. whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB. whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupC. whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD. whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing47. -MayIborrowthering-Youcantakeyouli

32、ke.A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that48. Hesaidthathewasfondof.A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful49. Heinsistedthatheingoodhealthandtoworkthere.A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send50. DoyouknowheexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose51. It'

33、suncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how52. Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayitwasaholiday.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butforistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishardtheboydidn'ttakemedicinemade

34、hismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which55. Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestionforawalkinthepark.A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwegowecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,whatyoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether58. Youcan'timagine

35、whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where60hereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhythatD.Ifwhatgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythe

36、Partycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.Thathousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whatwon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.Thiscomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whethermistakesmustcorre

37、ctthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybodywillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.Howdayslater,wordcameourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.whereproblemiswillgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.wholooksitweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.likeishelik

38、estheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whythoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.whatfactshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.howI'mconsideringnowthemoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.wasyoutellmeA. whoisthatgentlemanB. th

39、atgentlemaniswhoC. whothatgentlemanisD. whomisthatgentlemantheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who78. Itiswellknownapersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.how79. Theenergyismakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such80. Jackwass

40、oontoldhedidwasnotnecessary.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat81. WeshouldthinkcarefullyaboutMr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X82. CanyoupointouttworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether83. Youwilleasilyknowvideorecorders（錄相機(jī)）arethesame.A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose84

41、. youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn'tmatter.A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When85. IaskedherinEnglishshewas,andshetoldmeshewasanactress.A.whothatB.whoXC.whatXD.howthat86. ShetookitforgrantedI'dbebackhomeanhourago.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when87. Wethinkitpossiblethelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvetheh

42、ousingproblem.A.forB.thatC.whenD.how88. Nowthereisadangerthegroundmayfallin（沉下）undertheheavytraffic.A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that89. AtthattimeIhadnoideaIcouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow90. LastSundayhepromisedtoday,buthehasn'tappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hew

43、illcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome91. LastSundayhemadeapromisehewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether92. DoyouhaveanyideaA. whenMissSmithwillarriveB. whenwillMissSmitharriveC. howwillMissSmitharriveD. whyhasn'tMissSmitharrived93. Ihavealmostforgotten.A.howMr.Taylor'slikeB

44、.whatMr.Taylor'sfaceislikeC.whatMr.Taylor'sfaceisD.whichMr.Taylor'sfaceislike94. Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin,but.A. howyougetthatyougiveB. whichyougotwhatyougiveC. whatyougetwhatyougiveD. whatdoyougetwhatdoyougive95. DoyouknowA.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthi

45、sisusedfor96. surprisedmemostwas.A. ThatthatshespokeJapanesesowellB. WhathowcouldshespeakJapanesesowellC. What-thatshespokeJapanesesowellD. ThatwhyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell97. istodance.A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary98. Weweregreatlyamusedby.A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldusC.whatyoutoldusD.thaty