掌握主旨大意

1、0105全國(guó)試題掌握主旨大意題賦值年份年份20012002200320042005總計(jì)總計(jì)04/05廣廣東東題量題量59332222/3突破方法突破方法1. 在閱讀中，盡量運(yùn)用有關(guān)信息詞確定主題句的位置，在閱讀中，盡量運(yùn)用有關(guān)信息詞確定主題句的位置，如：在如：在for example, first, second等之前的句子中或在等之前的句子中或在all in all, above all等之后的句子中尋找并確定。等之后的句子中尋找并確定。2. 對(duì)于主題隱含的段落，要先弄清句子的意思，然后快對(duì)于主題隱含的段落，要先弄清句子的意思，然后快速通讀文章，逐項(xiàng)排除，最終確定答案。速通讀文章，逐項(xiàng)排除，

2、最終確定答案。 考查主旨大意題常見的題干 命題者大多就段落命題者大多就段落/短文的主題（短文的主題（theme/topic）、主題）、主題思想（思想（main idea）、標(biāo)題（）、標(biāo)題（title）等進(jìn)行擬題。例如：）等進(jìn)行擬題。例如： 1.The subject of the paragraph（ passage）is . 2.The paragraph（textpassage）deals with . 3.What topic is treated in this text ( passage）？）？ 4.The main idea of the paragraph（passage）is

3、 . 5.From the paragraph（text）we know that . 6.The paragraph（passage）could be entitled . 7.Which of the following is the best title for the paragraph（text )？8.The best title for this text ( passage) could be .9.The paragraph（textpassage）is mainly about .10.Which of the following statements is best su

4、pported by the last paragraph？11.What topic is the paragraph（text) discussed？12.The purpose of the paragraph（passage）is . 主旨大意題主旨大意題考查對(duì)一個(gè)段落或一篇文章的主考查對(duì)一個(gè)段落或一篇文章的主題思想的理解。一個(gè)段落或一篇文章通常是圍繞題思想的理解。一個(gè)段落或一篇文章通常是圍繞一個(gè)主題展開的。一個(gè)主題展開的。 理解一個(gè)段落的主題思想首先要學(xué)會(huì)尋找主理解一個(gè)段落的主題思想首先要學(xué)會(huì)尋找主題句。一般說來，在英語(yǔ)篇章中，題句。一般說來，在英語(yǔ)篇章中，主題句在段落主題句在段落中

5、的位置是有規(guī)律可循的中的位置是有規(guī)律可循的。 一一. 主題句在段落中常見的表現(xiàn)形式主題句在段落中常見的表現(xiàn)形式 Insects come in many sizesSome are big and some are smallThe smallest ones are so smal1 that it takes one hundred of them to form one inchThe biggest insects are not big，but they are one thousand times as big as the smallestThey are about ten i

6、nches in length！ 第一句即為主題句，概述本段的主題思想第一句即為主題句，概述本段的主題思想“”。接著，在主題句后面的句子里，作者為闡述這個(gè)。接著，在主題句后面的句子里，作者為闡述這個(gè)主題，指出昆蟲有大有小，并對(duì)最小的昆蟲和最大的昆蟲主題，指出昆蟲有大有小，并對(duì)最小的昆蟲和最大的昆蟲分別加以陳述。分別加以陳述。 2. 主題句在段尾主題句在段尾 One of the most important uses of gold is for moneyGold can be used to make rings，earrings，and other things，Gold is also

7、 used to make a gold leaf, a very flat ribbon of gold that is often used on picture framesCups and dishes can also be made from gold. Gold has many uses. 本段共有五句。前四句主要列舉了金子的一本段共有五句。前四句主要列舉了金子的一些用途。根據(jù)上述細(xì)節(jié)，段落的最后一句給出結(jié)些用途。根據(jù)上述細(xì)節(jié)，段落的最后一句給出結(jié)論，即金子有多種用途。這種論，即金子有多種用途。這種帶結(jié)論性的句子應(yīng)帶結(jié)論性的句子應(yīng)視為主題句視為主題句。 People who l

8、ive in countries with many doctors and modern hospitals are worlds healthiest people - right？Not necessarily. Some groups of people who have no doctors or hospitals at all are among the worlds healthiest. For example，people who live on small, faraway islands get very few diseases because there are n

9、o outsiders to bring in germs or new illness. 3. 主題句在段中主題句在段中 本段的三個(gè)層次比較明顯。 第一句以設(shè)問的方式提出該文段要討論的主題：生活在有許多醫(yī)生和現(xiàn)代化醫(yī)院的國(guó)家中的人是世界上最健康的人嗎？此句起到了引出主題的作用。 第三句對(duì)前面的提問做出籠統(tǒng)的回答：許多生活在沒有大夫和醫(yī)院環(huán)境中的人也是世界上最健康的人。此句起到了陳述主題思想的作用，應(yīng)枧為主題句。 段落的最后則舉例對(duì)主題做進(jìn)一步的解釋。4.主題句在段首和段尾主題句在段首和段尾 Good manners are important in all countries，but way

10、s of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks；Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet；Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women；Japanese men do not. On the surface，it appears that good manners in America are

11、 not good manners in Japan，and in a way this is true. But in any country，the manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving pol

12、itely that differs from country to country.本段主要說明本段主要說明“禮貌在所有國(guó)家都很禮貌在所有國(guó)家都很重要，然而各國(guó)表達(dá)禮貌的方式卻不重要，然而各國(guó)表達(dá)禮貌的方式卻不同同”。文段的。文段的第一句明確陳述了這一第一句明確陳述了這一看法看法。 5主題句暗含在段落中主題句暗含在段落中 An ant can pick up an object more than fifty times its own weight. A bee can pull a load more than one hundred and fifty times its weight

13、. If we were as strong in proportion to our size，we could pull a five-ton truck？If we had the jumping ability of a grasshopper，we could leap a third the length of a football field！ 此段文章無主題句。所陳述的都是細(xì)節(jié)。一只螞蟻可搬此段文章無主題句。所陳述的都是細(xì)節(jié)。一只螞蟻可搬起比自身重量重起比自身重量重50倍的東西。一只蜜蜂可拉動(dòng)比自身重倍的東西。一只蜜蜂可拉動(dòng)比自身重量重量重150倍的重物。如果我們的力氣與身材成

14、比例的話，倍的重物。如果我們的力氣與身材成比例的話，我們可能拉動(dòng)我們可能拉動(dòng)5噸的卡車。如果我們具有蚱蜢的彈跳力，噸的卡車。如果我們具有蚱蜢的彈跳力，我們可能躍過三分之一的足球場(chǎng)。根據(jù)以上事實(shí)，我們即我們可能躍過三分之一的足球場(chǎng)。根據(jù)以上事實(shí)，我們即可概括出本段落的主題思想是可概括出本段落的主題思想是: 動(dòng)物的力量動(dòng)物的力量”。 （NMET 2002） 1. Underground systems are already in placeMany cities have underground car parksIn some cities，such as Tokyo，Seoul and Mo

15、ntreal, there are large underground shopping areas，The “Chunnel”，a tunnel（隧道）（隧道）connecting England and France；is now completed 第一句為主題句第一句為主題句. 本段中的其他句子都是本段中的其他句子都是用來說明用來說明“地下設(shè)施地下設(shè)施”是以何種形式在地球是以何種形式在地球上上“已經(jīng)存在已經(jīng)存在”的具體實(shí)例。的具體實(shí)例。2. Joe is happy about being on a bowling team that bowls once a week. He als

16、o enjoys playing basketball twice a month. During the summer，he tries to play baseball on weekends. Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. He goes swimming as often as he can. Whenever he cant participate directly，he loves to watch a football game or a golf or tennis match. 本段的本段的主題句為第四句主題句為第四

17、句Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. 前三句引述了他喜歡的幾種體育前三句引述了他喜歡的幾種體育活動(dòng)，主題句后面的兩句對(duì)中心思想做了進(jìn)一步活動(dòng)，主題句后面的兩句對(duì)中心思想做了進(jìn)一步的解釋和支撐。段落結(jié)構(gòu)包括三個(gè)層次：引出主的解釋和支撐。段落結(jié)構(gòu)包括三個(gè)層次：引出主題題-呈現(xiàn)主題呈現(xiàn)主題-解釋主題。解釋主題。（NMET 1998）3. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see h

18、im. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller-skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly，he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!此段落也無明確的主題句。本段說此段落也無明確的主題句。本段說MerlinMerlin

19、按計(jì)劃拉著小按計(jì)劃拉著小提琴，穿著自制的旱冰鞋，滑進(jìn)化裝舞會(huì)，令在場(chǎng)的人提琴，穿著自制的旱冰鞋，滑進(jìn)化裝舞會(huì)，令在場(chǎng)的人大吃一驚，由于停不住竟然將墻上的巨大鏡子撞碎，則大吃一驚，由于停不住竟然將墻上的巨大鏡子撞碎，則更使人久久不能忘懷。根據(jù)上文及本段的描述，可概括更使人久久不能忘懷。根據(jù)上文及本段的描述，可概括出本段的主題思想是出本段的主題思想是“MerlinMerlin的閃亮登場(chǎng)取得意料之外的閃亮登場(chǎng)取得意料之外的成功的成功”。 三三. 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A Wou

20、ldnt it be terrible if we didnt have grass？We would have to walk on bare soil. Can you guess what our playgrounds would look like？On a rainy day, we would get all muddy. On a dry day we would breathe clouds of dust.The short text mainly deals with . A. why we need rain B. how grass is kept greenC. h

21、ow grass helps usD. why we breathe dustB The word Waterloo has become a synonym for defeat-total defeat and complete disaster. Waterloo, a town in Belgium, was the scene of a battle in 1851 that brought overwhelming defeat to Napoleon Bonapartes French Army. At stake were the whole continent of Euro

22、pe and Napoleons dream of an empire. In a few days, over forty thousand French soldiers died. With their deaths a new word for disaster was born - Waterloo.The subject of the text is . A. where Waterloo is B. who named Waterloo C. why Napoleon was defeated D. how Waterloo came to mean defeatCRats ar

23、e still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.This paragraph mainly tells us .A. that we are short of grain because of ratsB. why rats are

24、still an enemy of peopleC. how rats destroy our food D. why rats cause diseaseD A newspaper in Helsinki，F(xiàn)inland，recently published a cartoon of a baby with a mobile phone，telling his parents his diaper（尿布）needed changing. But its hardly a joke. Helsinki is home to Nokia，the mobile-phone maker. Its o

25、ne of the most “mobile” cities in the world: About 92 percent of its households have at least one mobile phone. And the kids start young . “One of the first things we discuss when school starts is the rules for mobile phones,”says Tina Korppi，a teacherAmong the rules: You have to put it away out of

26、sight. You cannot turn it on. You cannot send text messages to your friends, or play amusing tunes（令人發(fā)笑的曲調(diào)）in class，Or call your parents or call for a pizza during history.The text is mainly about .A. different uses of mobile phones B. a successful mobile phone makerC. effects of mobile phones on ch

27、ildren D. school rules for the use of mobile phones E “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “ the two share little about their innermost feelings. Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage. It wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until h