對(duì)比分析2號(hào)李慧

1、The Linguistic Aspect of Contrastive AnalysisStructuralist linguisticsContrastive analysis had both psychological aspect & linguistic aspect.The linguistic aspect was based on structuralist linguistics which emphasized the importance of detailed scientific description of languages based on a des

2、cription of the different categories that make up the patterns of a language.The representative figures: Bloomfield 1933 Language Fries 1952 Procedures of Contrastive Analysis規(guī)范的描寫兩種語(yǔ)言選擇一定的比較項(xiàng)目對(duì)比（找出共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)）預(yù)測(cè)（確定那些地方容易發(fā)生偏誤）1.Description: a formal description of the two languages is made2.Selection: c

3、ertain items are selected for comparision3.Comparision: the identification of areas of difference and similarity4.Prediction: identifying which areas are likely to cause errorsDegrees of similarity & difference1.No difference between a feature of the two languages. e.g. Jai (French)= I ve (Engli

4、sh)2. Convergent phenomena 集中現(xiàn)象: two items in L1 coalesced into one in the L2. e.g. kennen+wissen (German)= know (English)3.An item in L1 is absent in the target language. Degrees of similarity & difference4. An item in L1 has a different distribution from the equivalent item in the L2.5. No sim

5、ilarity between first language feature and target language feature. e.g. negation of No se (Spanish ) Do not (English)6. Divergent phenomena 分歧現(xiàn)象：one item in the first language becomes two items in the target language. e.g. the (English)le la (French) Hierarchy of Difficulty 難度等級(jí)難度等級(jí)列表難度等級(jí)1 兩種語(yǔ)言里語(yǔ)言成

6、分相同難度等級(jí)2 母語(yǔ)中兩項(xiàng)在目的語(yǔ)中合并為一項(xiàng)難度等級(jí)3 母語(yǔ)中的某個(gè)語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目在目的語(yǔ)中沒有相對(duì)應(yīng)的形式難度等級(jí)4 母語(yǔ)中的某個(gè)語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目在目的語(yǔ)中雖有相對(duì)應(yīng)的項(xiàng)目，但在形式和分布上均存在差異難度等級(jí)5 目的語(yǔ)中的某個(gè)語(yǔ)言在母語(yǔ)中沒有相對(duì)應(yīng)的形式難度等級(jí)6 母語(yǔ)中的一個(gè)語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目在目的語(yǔ)中分成兩個(gè)以上的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目Research scopeMost studies of phonological systemFull-length studies of syntax Few studies of vocabulary No studies of cultures-Problems The descriptive basis of the comparison. The relationship between the psychological and the linguistic aspect of Contrastive Analysis. Thank you !人有了知識(shí)，就會(huì)具備各種分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我們要勤懇讀書，廣泛閱讀，古人說(shuō)“書中自有黃金屋?！蓖ㄟ^(guò)閱讀科技書籍