高考英語過去分詞的用法

1、過去分詞的用法過去分詞的用法By Liu Yigui構(gòu)成：v+ed一：構(gòu)成謂語一：構(gòu)成謂語:和have一道構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)I havent been out much recently. 我最近沒太出門。I knew you had been busy.a. 我知道你一直很忙。構(gòu)成非謂語動詞的完成形式：Im sorry not to have given you enough help. 對不起沒給你足夠的幫助。Having read the instructions, she snatched up the fire extinguisher. 看完說明書之后，她抓起了滅火器。 b. 和be一道

2、構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)或非謂語動詞的被動形式：The letter has been opened! 信被人拆開了。He was said to have been arrested. 據(jù)說他被捕了。二：充當(dāng)一定的句子成分1. 及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，表示主語是被動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，主語的狀態(tài)，既既表示表示被動被動，又表示，又表示完成完成。 (1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。茶杯破了。 2. 不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是主動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，子主語是主動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，

3、只表示動作的完成只表示動作的完成。 (2) He is retired. 他已退休他已退休。 3. 有些過去分詞作表語時，構(gòu)成的謂語有些過去分詞作表語時，構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動結(jié)構(gòu)。很接近被動結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3) The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環(huán)山。這座城市三面環(huán)山。q 過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語 【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)主語的狀態(tài)，而被動語態(tài)則，而被動語態(tài)則表示表示動作。動作。 (1) The c

4、up was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動語態(tài)，茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動語態(tài)，表示動作）表示動作） (2) The library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語）分詞作表語） 【注意】過去分詞表示被動或完成【注意】過去分詞表示被動或完成, -ing 形式表示主形式表示主動或進行。有些動詞如動或進行。有些動詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人，（常做

5、表語）用飾人，（常做表語）用 -ing 形式來修飾物。形式來修飾物。 (3) The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。q過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語 作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。過去分詞作定語，只表完成。 1. 過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，常置

6、于其過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。所修飾的名詞之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。 2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時，一般置于其所修飾過去分詞短語用作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉

7、行的音樂會大為成功。他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。 3.過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。后常有逗號。 (1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。五千多人。 4. 用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物

8、仍與人直接有關(guān)。飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。 (2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。 q 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語 1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動的被動的和完成的動作。和完成的動作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。不是很好。 【注意】【注意】written 為過去分詞作狀語，表示這為過去分詞作

9、狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫。篇文章是被寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫。2. 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致。此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致。 (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再給我一個小時，我也能解這道題。再給我一個小時，我也能解這道題。（given 為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語為主句主語 I ，即，即 I 被再給一個小時。）被再給一個小時。） (2) Seen from the top of the hill,

10、 the city looks more beautiful to us. 從 山 頂 看 城 市 ， 城 市 顯 得 更 漂 亮 。從 山 頂 看 城 市 ， 城 市 顯 得 更 漂 亮 。（seen 為過去分詞作狀語，表為過去分詞作狀語，表“被看被看”，由，由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是是“我們我們”，因為，因為“我們我們”應(yīng)主動看城市。）應(yīng)主動看城市。） 【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞過去分詞連詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。作狀語。 When giv

11、en a medical examination, you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時當(dāng)你做體格檢查時要保持鎮(zhèn)定。要保持鎮(zhèn)定。 4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面有逗號與主句隔開；也可前作句首狀語，后面有逗號與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號與主句隔開。放在主句后面，前面有逗號與主句隔開。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里，被感動得熱淚他靜靜地

12、站在那里，被感動得熱淚盈眶。盈眶。q 過去分詞作賓語補足語過去分詞作賓語補足語（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下三（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下三類：類： 1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。等。 (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。（過去分詞我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。（過去分詞sung的動作顯然先于謂語動作的動作顯然先于謂語動作heard；）；）

13、(2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過去他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過去分詞分詞changed的動作顯然先于謂語動作的動作顯然先于謂語動作found）2. 表示表示“致使致使”意義的動詞。如：意義的動詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。等。(1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明明天我要理發(fā)。天我要理發(fā)。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Dont leave thos

14、e things undone. 要把那些事情做完。要把那些事情做完。 【注意】過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓【注意】過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 （二）使役動詞（二）使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。有兩種情況。 1. 過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。 (1) He had his money stolen.他的他的錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了）錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了） 2. 過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷。如：所經(jīng)歷。如： (2) He had his

15、leg broken.他的腿斷他的腿斷了。了。 （自己的經(jīng)歷）（自己的經(jīng)歷）q “with 賓語過去分詞賓語過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)“with 賓語過去分詞賓語過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞 with的的賓語補足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因賓語補足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：等狀語。例如： (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式） (

16、2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱，我們水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。（表條件）就會看到水蒸氣。（表條件） (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決，事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）我們都回家了。（表原因） (4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(5) He stood for an instant with hi

17、s hand still raised. 他仍然舉著他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。手站了一會兒。 過去分詞作狀語，一是表被動的動作，二是表過去分詞作狀語，一是表被動的動作，二是表動作已經(jīng)完成。通常作如下幾種狀語動作已經(jīng)完成。通常作如下幾種狀語：1. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill1. 時間狀語時間狀語, 可在過去分詞前加上連詞可在過去分詞前加上連詞when, while, until等等.2. Dont speak until you are spoken to.Until

18、 spoken to2.1. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers words2. As he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened1 _ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player

19、 .A Having given B To give C Giving D Given 2 _in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .A Being founded B It was founded C Founded D Founding 3 Unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited DCA

20、6 There seemed to be nothing _to do but _for the doctor .A leave / send B left / to send C left / send D leaving / send 7_everywhere , the wolves had no where _themselves .A Hunting / hiding B To hunt / to hide C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide CD作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語，前面又有實意動詞 do時，不定式通常省去to

21、 8 . The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy. following, following B. followed, followed C. following, followed D. followed, following9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery. looked; taken

22、 B. looking; taken C. looked; took D. looking; takingCB10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied11. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having givenDA1. You can make yourself _ pre

23、tty well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. to understandExercise3. - I cant see the words on the blackboard. - Perhaps you need _. A. to have your eyes examined B. to examine your eye C. to have examined your eyes D. your eyes to be examined1. The

24、Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing考點點撥考點點撥簡析簡析: 首先首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部待選部分是一個作定語、修飾分是一個作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games的后置分詞短語的后置分詞短語;再根據(jù)再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對于動詞對于動詞 play 來說來說只能是被動承受只能是被動承受,且已完成且已完成 (in

25、776 B. C.)。因此。因此,該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選C。2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡析簡析: 該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選B。測試過去分詞作。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動后置定語表達被動,等于定語從句等于定語從句 which is spoken。3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had bee

26、n invited 簡析簡析: 該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選A。測試過去分詞作后。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動置定語表達被動, 等于定語從句等于定語從句who were invited。4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡析簡析: 該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞短語。測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后作定語放在所修飾的名詞后,可以用非可以用非限制性定語從句限制性定語

27、從句“which was opened last year”代替。代替。5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡析簡析: 該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞作后。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動置定語表達被動,等于定語從句等于定語從句which were written。例例: The murderer was bro

28、ught in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡析簡析: 很顯然很顯然,待選部分的邏輯主語是待選部分的邏輯主語是 his hands,而不是句子的主語而不是句子的主語 The murderer,而而 his hands 對于動詞對于動詞 tie來來說說,只能是被動承受。因此只能是被動承受。因此,該題應(yīng)選該題應(yīng)選D。 2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party

29、 that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考鏈接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此處考查過去分詞作后置。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，定語，discdisc與與recordrecord之間是被動關(guān)系，故之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示。用過去分詞表示。3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C

30、. to be known D. known高考鏈接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。knowknow與與wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。被動。Practice1. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?to be held B. having been held C. held D. being heldDo you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?to be put on B

31、. being put on C. put on D. putting on I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.written B. writing C. was written D. to write4. Please dont forget him. He is one of _.those invited B. invited those A. C. those inviting D. inviting thoseCBAA1. _ black and blue

32、, the lady couldnt move. A. Beaten B. Beating C. To be beaten D. To beat Exercises2. _ everywhere, the wolves had no where _ themselves. A. Hunting, hiding B. To hunt, to hide C. Hunted, hiding D. Hunted, to hide3. The teacher walked to lab, _. A. followed by his students B. his students followed C.

33、 and followed by his students D. both A and B 4. When _ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water. A. heating and taking B. heated, and taking C. heating or taken D. heated or taken6. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. ti

34、ring; boring 9. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered12.The Emperors New Clothes, is an _ text. All of us are _ in it. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited

35、13. She asked if there is anything_ for tonight. A. to plan B. planned C. that plans D. planning 14. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house , _ by his naughty boy. A. following; following B. followed; followed C. following; followed D. followed; following15. _ these pictures, I couldnt

36、 help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-stored building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; seen16. _ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky an

37、d _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving17. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited18. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. be

38、ing completed D. to be completed19. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being found B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding英語主動形式表被動意義的幾種情況英語主動形式表被動意義的幾種情況1.表示被動含義的表示被動含義的主動動詞主動動詞 1)系動詞系動詞 taste ,sound ,look, smell, feelYour reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.2)一些與一些與cant 或或wont, wouldnt 連用的動連用的動詞。詞。常用的有常用的有: lock , shut , open , act 等等, The door wont/ wouldnt open. It cant /woul