2017高考英語語法填空講義

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上教 學(xué)目 標(biāo)語法填空答題技巧教學(xué)難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)第一課時(shí)語法填空技巧第二課時(shí)真題訓(xùn)練 第一課時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)詞形詞性 教學(xué)內(nèi)容及 板書高考英語語法填空答題技巧    語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考察語法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力，我們?cè)诮忸}前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先進(jìn)行填寫。在讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語言環(huán)境去逐句分析，逐題解答。下面按題型設(shè)計(jì)分三種情況：    一、純空格試題的解題技巧     純空格填空題主要是填冠詞、介詞、代詞、連接詞(含從屬連詞和并列連詞)等虛

2、詞。    首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。共有以下7個(gè)技巧：技巧1：在簡單句和并列句中，若句子缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞。    例1：I cant send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _1_ gets there almost in a second.    技巧2：名詞前面，若沒有限定詞（冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等），很可能是填限定詞。

3、    例2：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help_2_ rice crop grow up quickly.    技巧3：名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，其前面，一定是填介詞。    例3：who should have the honour of receiving me _3_ a guest in their house.   

4、 技巧4: 若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞。    例4：two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso    4   Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.    技巧5：若兩個(gè)句子（即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填并列連詞（連接并列的句子）或從屬連詞（連接定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句）。    例5：The

5、 greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini _5 _died in 1926.    例6：He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, _6_he felt very happy.    技巧6: 由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。    (1) 由it  is that 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的形式，判斷it 還是that。判斷方法：去掉it  is that結(jié)構(gòu)，句子還是一個(gè)完整的句

6、子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。    (2) 由it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷，空格是否填it.    例7：and _7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精).    例8： as _8_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists.    例9：Dati

7、ng sites also makes_9_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.    (3) 在倒裝句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, notuntil等詞。    例10：_10_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.    (4) so / such that句型  

8、;  例11：This made the goat so jealous _11_ it began plotting against the donkey.    (5) more than(與其說不如說，比更)句型。    例12：Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _12_ how much he pays.    二、給出了動(dòng)詞的試題解題技巧 &

9、#160;  首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。然后按照以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考。技巧7：若句子沒有別的謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。    例13：When I die, I   13   (give) everything to you.    例14：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her i

10、nvitation, 14_(close) my book and walked away.    例15：In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.    例16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often   16   (result) the contrary to our intention.

11、    例17：Now, Valentines Day is   17  (celebrate) in many countries around the world.    技巧8: 若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，還是不定式，確定的方法主要有：    (1) 作主語或賓語，通常用v-ing 形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體情況。    例18：but i

12、t is not enough only _18_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.    例19：  19 _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary    (2) 作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。    例20：_20_(complete) the project as planed, well have to work two mo

13、re hours a day.    (3) 作伴隨狀語，通常用分詞，若與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing）;若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞（-ed）。    例21：He saw the stone, _21_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”    例22：The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests.    技巧9

14、: 動(dòng)詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要做主語、賓語和定語。    例23：There are   23    (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.    例24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building  24   (equip) to dig holes    例25：These people have

15、 made great _ 25  (contribute) to China with their work.    三、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧    這類題主要是考查名詞、形容詞和副詞，根據(jù)該詞在句中所作句子成分確定用那種形式，具體技巧有以下三種。    技巧10: 作表語（在系動(dòng)詞之后）、定語（修飾名詞）或賓補(bǔ)（表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)），通常用形容詞形式。    例26：The youngster immediately fell _26_(silence) as

16、 tears flew down from his big blue eyes.    例27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject.    技巧11: 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。    例28：As I looked _28  (close) at this girl, I found that  

17、60; 例29： 29  (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.    技巧12: 有的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類或詞性不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-, im-, in-等，在詞根后加-less等。    例30： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowl

18、edge is _30_(use).例31：Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the office.    技巧13: 括號(hào)中所給詞若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。    例32：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out.    例33：The _33_(

19、bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.    例34：, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”  34  (high)    以上僅對(duì)語法填空中的主要情況進(jìn)行了概括，在做語法填空題時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意英語中的固定句型、固定搭配等。語法填空：語篇練習(xí)2017新課標(biāo)IThere has been a r

20、ecent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was t

21、rying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more

22、 food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce

23、the urge to snack(吃點(diǎn)心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.2017新課標(biāo)II In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It

24、 ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ world. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong r

25、oof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, mo

26、re than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day. Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one

27、 of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.2016新課標(biāo)IChengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas ar

28、e its top_61_(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_62_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_(official

29、) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(intr

30、oduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_( day) with his sister so that while

31、 one is being bottle-fed, _70_ other is with mum-she never suspects.2016新課標(biāo)II If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識(shí)別)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve).

32、 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through

33、 the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening