必修4unit1主謂一致

1、語(yǔ)法詳解：語(yǔ)法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間, ,即主語(yǔ)的人稱和即主語(yǔ)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。應(yīng)的形式。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers

2、.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：語(yǔ)法一致是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法一致是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式形式上一致，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的

3、單復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：兩種情況： (1)如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候事物的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 He and I _ both students of this school. 我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。 are

4、The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。演。 The knife and fork _ on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同同 一個(gè)人或物一個(gè)人或物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的時(shí)候的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 2. 如果主語(yǔ)是不定式如果主語(yǔ)是不定式, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing形式或主形式或主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。What

5、he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起來(lái)很重要。他正在做的事情看起來(lái)很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。3. 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.4. with, along with, t

6、ogether with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語(yǔ)連用主語(yǔ)連用, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化。例如：而變化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老師和他老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹(shù)。的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹(shù)。鄰近一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與鄰近一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與它它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。最

7、鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。 either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中句型中, 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.1One or

8、 two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam DbeExercises:3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking

9、forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been D. have been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming B. are coming Chas come D. have come11. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has of

10、fered C. are offered D. have offered12. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already

11、 Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式, 而而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù)上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。

12、上卻是單數(shù)。1. 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _ rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _ rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。 are isNone of the money _ left. 沒(méi)有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。沒(méi)有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。None of the students _ there

13、. 沒(méi)有學(xué)生在那里。沒(méi)有學(xué)生在那里。 is is2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面后面的名詞保持一致。的名詞保持一致。Half of the students _ finished theircomposition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _ bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of th

14、e students in ourschool _ boys. 我們學(xué)校我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生。生。haveisare3. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)集合名詞作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí)數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有數(shù)。這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _ going out.

15、His family _ all music lovers. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)集合名詞作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞這一類常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。is are 4. 某些名詞如某些名詞如people, police, cattle等等, 形形式上是單數(shù)式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),

16、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指指“民族民族”時(shí)是時(shí)是例外。例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如單數(shù)，如someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for

17、 you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。6. 某些名詞如某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但但當(dāng)它們被當(dāng)它們被a pair of 修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如用單數(shù)。如: The pair of shoes is worn out. 這雙鞋破了。這雙鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。鞋子破了。 某些名詞以某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如結(jié)尾如maths, politics, p

18、hysics, news, plastics等等, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科?？啤?8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短在以上短 語(yǔ)中語(yǔ)中and連接的單數(shù)名詞連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語(yǔ)整個(gè)短語(yǔ) 在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常使用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常使用單單數(shù)。數(shù)。 Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and

19、every girl in the class is diligent. 班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 聽(tīng)不到任何聲音。聽(tīng)不到任何聲音。9. 以以a number of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù); 以以the number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.10. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣有些

20、名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定定, 這一類名詞有這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。11. many a, more than one, one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語(yǔ)與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。 Many a

21、boy has seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書這種書) , 其謂語(yǔ)用其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)單數(shù); 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind o

22、f men (口語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)) (這一類人這一類人), 但但this kind of men 的謂語(yǔ)用的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)單數(shù), men of this kind 和和these kind of men 的謂語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)用用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù), all kinds of 后跟后跟復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞名詞, 謂謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題: This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中在主謂倒裝的句子中, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:

23、 Between the two windows hangs a picture.3. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of 后面的名詞后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致的數(shù)保持一致, 這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞的名詞是中心詞, 而短語(yǔ)中前面的量而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。例如詞是修飾語(yǔ)。例如

24、:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是。但是,“the number of + 名名詞詞”的中心詞卻是的中心詞卻是number。試比較：。試比較：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help

25、 with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.注意注意:a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。例如例如:Quantities of food (nuts) wer

26、e on the table.短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)in quantity, in large quantities 意為意為 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意為意為“少少量量”。 4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修修飾飾不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)單數(shù); large amounts of 修修飾飾不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。例如。例如:A large amount of (A great deal of) da

27、mage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.5. 表示數(shù)量的表示數(shù)量的one and a half 后后, 名名詞要用詞要用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式形式, 但是其短語(yǔ)作但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。形式。例如：例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table.6. 如果主語(yǔ)由如果主語(yǔ)由“the + 形容詞形容詞(或過(guò)去分或過(guò)去分詞詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)通常用謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù);這這類詞有類詞有:

28、the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等等; 但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。則用單數(shù)。例如：例如：The blind study in special school.The departed (死者死者) was a well-known engineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí)這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí),就就要與名詞要與名詞man, person或表示人的單數(shù)連或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如用。