現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法異同

1、I want to read a book written by the woman living there.to readwrittenliving 成分成分類別類別主語主語 賓語賓語 表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補賓補不定式不定式-ing過去分詞過去分詞充當充當除謂語動詞以外除謂語動詞以外的各種句子成分的各種句子成分第四步：分析時態(tài)第四步：分析時態(tài)第一步：辨別第一步：辨別“謂謂與非與非謂謂”第二步：找非謂語的邏輯主語第二步：找非謂語的邏輯主語第三步：判斷語態(tài)第三步：判斷語態(tài)非謂語的非謂語的“有法可依有法可依”Task 1Task 2Task 3第一步：謂與非謂第一步：謂與非謂 The

2、re are nine planets _ around the sun, and the earth _ one of them. moving; being B. moving; is C. move; being D. moved; isBack第二步：找非謂語的邏輯主語第二步：找非謂語的邏輯主語 一、作定語時，一、作定語時，被修飾的詞被修飾的詞是邏是邏輯主語輯主語 二、作狀語時，二、作狀語時，句子的主語句子的主語是邏是邏輯主語輯主語 三、作賓語補足語時，三、作賓語補足語時，賓語賓語是邏是邏輯主語輯主語Back第三步：第三步：判斷語態(tài)判斷語態(tài)在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂在確定邏輯主語之后

3、，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語是語動詞和邏輯主語是主動主動還是被還是被動動關(guān)系。關(guān)系。Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyC. It was looked for everywhereD. She hurried to a policeman for helpBackThe problem_ next is of great importance.The building_ now is our future classroom.The prob

4、lem_ just now is of treat importance. discussed B. being built A.C. to be discussedA _B _C _Next根據(jù)根據(jù)上下文的語境上下文的語境確定時間確定時間-Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do you know what country-Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studyinghe studied in ?he will study in?he stud

5、ies in?ABCBack The building being built now is our future classroom. doing to be donebeing done done進行進行主動主動將來將來被動被動進行進行被動被動完成完成被動被動 The stone chairs given by the students of the year of 1986 are very useful.BackSeen from space , our school looks small .Seeing from space , we can see our school look

6、s small .our schoolweBack 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別 這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細述如下：別充當?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細述如下： 分詞作定語時，如果分詞分詞作定語時，如果分詞只是一個單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其只是一個單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語，所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語，那么，該短語就位于其所修飾的名詞之那么，該短語就位于其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。后，它的作用相當于一個定語從句。分詞作定語時，分詞作定語時，被分詞所被分

7、詞所修飾的名詞修飾的名詞就是該分詞的就是該分詞的邏輯主語邏輯主語。但。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是主動主動關(guān)系或關(guān)系或表示表示正在進行正在進行，而過去分詞則表示，而過去分詞則表示被動被動關(guān)系或關(guān)系或完成意義完成意義，1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 選選B。2.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women u

8、ntil 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing選選C。3.Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak選選B。 分詞作表語時，分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞的作用。它起著形容詞的作用。分詞作表語時，分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語，輯主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示表示“（某事物）令（某事物）令人。人?！?，而過去分詞則而過去

9、分詞則表示表示“（某事物、人）某事物、人）是。的是。的”。另外，過去另外，過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)，分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動語態(tài)表示動作。而被動語態(tài)表示動作。1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 選選A。2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to pleas

10、e選選C。3. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. (2) The library is now closed. 分詞在復合賓語中可分詞在復合賓語中可作賓語補足語，對句子的賓語起補作賓語補足語，對句子的賓語起補充或說明作用。充或說明作用。分詞作賓語補足語時，分詞作賓語補足語時，句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。句子的賓語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去

11、分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。時發(fā)生。1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lyingB. lie C. lay D. laying選選A。2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed選選D。3. I can hardly i

12、magine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed選選B。4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move選選B。 分詞作狀語時，一般在句子分詞作狀語時，一般在句子中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。中作時間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語。分詞作狀

13、語時，句子的主語分詞作狀語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所示動作一般發(fā)生謂語動詞之前或同系，所示動作一般發(fā)生謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。時發(fā)生。 1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A.

14、 making B. makes C. made D. to make選選A。2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received選選C。 3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 選選D。 4. _ not to mis

15、s the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. RemindingB. Reminded C. To remindD. Having remindedA. 選選B5. Unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited 選選A6. When first _to the market , these products enjo

16、yed great success .A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced 選選B【注意注意】過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞，過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成構(gòu)成“連詞過去分詞連詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。 7. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. DressedB. To dress C. DressingD. Having dressed選選A8. _ in thought, he almost ran

17、into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose選選C【注意注意】有些過去分詞因來源于有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不，作狀語時不表被動而表主動。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：表被動而表主動。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有： lost （迷路）；（迷路）； seated （坐）；（坐）； hidden （躲）；（躲）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）；（沉溺于）； born （出身于）；（出身于）； dressed in （穿著）；（穿著）； tired of （厭

18、煩）。（厭煩）。 01. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given02. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired03. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house , _ by hi

19、s naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following04. _ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing ; seen B. Seen

20、; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen05. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery. A. looked ; taken B. looking ; taken C. looked ; took D. looking ; taking 06. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ o

21、n the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set _ when I got home. A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing07. _ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Givi

22、ng; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving08. _ his head high , the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then . A. Holding ; being held B. Held ; holding C. Having held ; held D. Held ; to be held09. _ ，he still could not understand it. A. Told many times B. Having

23、been told many timesC. He has been told many times D. Though he had been told many times10. On hearing the _ news, I was too _ to sleep. A. exciting ; excited B. excited ; exciting C. exciting ; exciting D. excited ; excited 1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to h

24、ave given up C. his giving up D. his being given up2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. her marry B. her to marry C. her being married D. her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not4.If yo

25、u think a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegram? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today. A. in seeing B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing 6.I know you like _ . Would you like _ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swi

26、mmingC. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming7.Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using 8.To give up _ means _ . A. smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking, to stop smoking C. to smoke, to stop to smoke D. to smoke, stopping to smoke9. What do you thin

27、k of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read 10. “What has made you so upset?” “_ my new bike.”A. Lost B. Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing 11. I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.A. to take B. taking C. having taking D.

28、 having been taken 12. Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country.A. driving, drive B. drive, drive C. drive, driving D. driving, driving13. He remained _ there, for he grew _ in many things there.A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, interest D. stayed, interested14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to