（精心整理）高分作文的寫作模式(六級(jí))

1、高分作文的寫作模式（六級(jí)）四六級(jí)寫作技法和策略 1 對(duì)應(yīng)法 由于四六級(jí)寫作都是提綱式寫作，有時(shí)，我們可以采用對(duì)應(yīng)法按照中文提綱分別寫成三段。 如：96年6月份考題： 提綱：1） 有人認(rèn)為淡水是取之不盡的。（雨水、河水、井水） 2） 實(shí)際上淡水是非常緊缺的。（人口增加、工業(yè)用水增加） 3） 我們應(yīng)該怎么辦？ Global Shortage of Fresh Water Generally, people think that fresh water is inexhaustible. Every year there is enough rain. And there is plenty of

2、fresh water in the rivers and lakes. What's more, we have a lot of underground water. Actually, fresh water is in a short supply. Due to the rapid population increase, fresh water consumption remains great. Besides, with the development of industry, more water is needed. Moreover, a lot of our r

3、ivers and lakes have been so polluted that water from them is undrinkable. We must take some measures to solve the problem of water shortage. First, population growth should be slowed down to reduce fresh water demand. Second, pollution should be controlled to purify fresh water in the rivers and la

4、kes. What is most important, we should cherish every drip of water in our daily life. 再如：95年1 月份試題： 提綱：1） 有人認(rèn)為錢是幸福之本（source of happiness） 2） 有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬(wàn)惡之源(root of evil) 3） 我的看法。 Some think that money is the source of happiness. Once they have money, they will enjoy everything. They can use the money t

5、hey have to buy, a beautiful house or even a wife. Some others think that money is the root of all evil. Due to the greed for money, people will do various kinds of evil things, such as stealing, robbing or even murder. Money can easily change a kind, honest man into a cruel, cunning woe. In my opin

6、ion, both of the above-mentioned viewpoints go to an extreme. Money itself is neither good nor evil. It all depends on how we look at it. We can not deny the importance of money in the modern society. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the fact that something can not be bought by money, such as friends

7、hip, true love and so on. 這兩例都是采用了對(duì)應(yīng)寫作方式，將提示中的三句分別擴(kuò)展成三段，三段之間相互銜接，構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的篇章。 2 調(diào)整法 盡管是提綱式寫作，提綱所提示的只是文章所要包括的主要內(nèi)容，卻不是文章的結(jié)構(gòu)模式，一般情況下，同學(xué)們應(yīng)根據(jù)英語(yǔ)文章的類型，重新安排文章。如上面有關(guān)"錢"的一個(gè)寫作，按照英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，最好是加上一個(gè)引子。 What is money? To this question, different people hold differently. Some thing money is the source of happ

8、iness, while some regard it as the root of all evils. As far as I am concerned, they both have their reasons Those who consider money as the source of happiness argue that money means massive house, beautiful clothes, or luxurious cars, and can enable them and their families live comfortably. They e

9、ven believe that money can bring power, friendship, and love. But due to the temptation of money, there are many people who become thieves, robbers, or murderers. It is also out of the greed for money that some officials forget their duty and cause enormous losses to the country, so some people thin

10、k that money is the root of all evil and suggest that we keep away from money. In fact, money is merely a medium of exchange. It may bring you happiness; it may lead you to a life of crime. Whether it is good or bad depends on how it is used. 二、 首段和尾段的寫作 上一講中我們介紹了段落的擴(kuò)展模式，也就是說(shuō)，我們已經(jīng)了解了文章中間一部分的敘述模式。根據(jù)四

11、六級(jí)寫作的特點(diǎn)，一般首段和尾段都要自己補(bǔ)上，那么怎么才能寫好首尾段呢，下面我介紹一下，首尾段的寫作方式。 1首段的寫作 首段的寫作方式一般為： 運(yùn)用事實(shí)性信息、調(diào)查或故事等引出話題，2）導(dǎo)入主題，然后提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，也就是文章的論點(diǎn) 首段開(kāi)篇的方式常見(jiàn)的有： 1） 諺語(yǔ)法 由于諺語(yǔ)一般已經(jīng)被大家所接受，用諺語(yǔ)提出自己的觀點(diǎn)也容易被讀者所接受。 As the saying goes, "Money makes the mare go", but there are many things we can't buy with money, such as time an

12、d true love. 2） 定義法 定義法是通過(guò)對(duì)文章中的關(guān)鍵詞做一些簡(jiǎn)單或正面或反面的解釋，限定其范圍，這樣比較有利于引出主題。 "Practice makes perfect" is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end. 3） 提問(wèn)法 通過(guò)提問(wèn)一個(gè)或一連串的問(wèn)題，可以激發(fā)讀者

13、的興趣，從而引出主題。 a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer? b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question. 4） 概括法 概括法指先總結(jié)文章內(nèi)容所涉及的現(xiàn)狀，然后引出主題。 In recent years, with the development of science and

14、technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems. 5） 故事法 故事法指用簡(jiǎn)單有趣的故事激發(fā)讀者的興趣，從而提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。如下面"Is Stress a Bad Th

15、ing?" 6） 引語(yǔ)法 "Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and can't be retained." From Vinci's words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning. 7） 調(diào)查法 為了得到讀者的認(rèn)可，文章的開(kāi)始可以引出調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)等，借以提出主題，如下面"Is

16、Stress a Bad Thing?"的1）和"Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?"的4）。 8） 假設(shè)法 假設(shè)法是指通過(guò)假設(shè)提出一種選擇，交代文章要涉及的問(wèn)題，從而提出文章的主題。 Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? 9） 綜合法 具體寫作時(shí)，同學(xué)們沒(méi)有必

17、要拘泥于一種方式，可以將上述方法總和起來(lái)。 首段示例1： 題目：Is Stress a Bad Thing? 提綱：1）有人害怕壓力 2） 有人認(rèn)為壓力并不是一件壞事 3） 我的看法 " I can't stand the pressure and competition," explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have h

18、is own reasons, but I don't think his decision is wise in reality. It is true that my friend's case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cost of a comfortable, easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are

19、 afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. In fact, however, stress isn't the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and ch

20、allenge, and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idle life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth - the very aim of a human life. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.

21、 What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it. 就這一標(biāo)題而言，根據(jù)所提示的提綱，首段的寫作還可以采用下列方式： 1) According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs. Although they may have

22、 their own respective reasons, I don't think their decision is wise in reality. 2) Which job do you prefer, a highly-paid but very competitive position or a poorly-paid but also less demanding job? You may choose the latter and have your own reasons, but I don't think this choice is wise eno

23、ugh whatever reasons. 3) Faced with a hard and demanding task, people's attitude varies widely: some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities. In fact the choice we make between "flight" or "fight make the difference between leaders and mediocrities(平

24、庸之輩). 首段示例2： 標(biāo)題：Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet? 提綱： 1）隨著科技的發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)越來(lái)越普及； 2）網(wǎng)絡(luò)有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)但也有缺點(diǎn)； 3）我的觀點(diǎn) 根據(jù)上面的提示，首段可有下列幾種方式： 1) Nowadays, using the Internet has become a fashion. Many parents begin to teach their children to use the Internet. However, there are diverse opinions on this. Some think

25、it wise, but I don't agree with them. 2) Today, the Internet is becoming more and more common. It begins to play a more and more important role in our society and life. It's so useful that most adults are learning how to use it. What about children? Of course they can start using it. 3) Toda

26、y, with the development of science and technology, the Internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. More and more people are starting to use the Internet, including schoolchildren. However, I think schoolchildren are too young to start using the Internet. 4) According to

27、 a recent survey, Internet users are becoming younger and younger, and Internet bars have become a resort for schoolchildren who log in to chat or play games. Faced with this phenomenon, many people argue for measures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet, and I think they have their rea

28、sons. 2 結(jié)論段的寫作 結(jié)論一般采用歸納概括、主題重述或提建議等方式。 常見(jiàn)的方式有： 1） 重述或總結(jié)主題 重述主題指于結(jié)論處以另外一種表達(dá)方式重申主題，與首段照應(yīng)。 Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life. 2） 提出建議 Since postcards do us more harm an

29、d good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards. 3） 概括總結(jié) As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and needn't invest too mu

30、ch money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city. 4） 引用名人名言 In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said "Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability." 5)綜合法 與首段一樣，結(jié)論段也可以是多種方法的綜合。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，總結(jié)加建議的比較多。 尾段示例1： 如"網(wǎng)絡(luò)"的結(jié)論段可以如下所示： 10） As we all know, the next ce

31、ntury will become one of the Internet. Internet will become more and more important in both our daily life and our work. So I suggest that schoolchildren should start using the Internet. 11） So I think schoolchildren not only can start using the Internet, but also should start using it They are sure

32、 to benefit a lot from the internet. 12） Internet can help our children know the world, get useful information and enrich their knowledge. So I think schoolchildren can start using the Internet. 13） In a word (In conclusion/ In summary/ To sum up / In short), the Internet is playing a more and more

33、important role in our life and it is helpful for children's growth both physically and mentally. It is better for them to start using the Internet as early as possible. 3轉(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ)的使用 根據(jù)不同的段落要求，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)承語(yǔ) 1) 比較對(duì)照 比較：like A, B Just as A, B A, similarly/correspondingly, likewise/in the same way, B 對(duì)照： Unli

34、ke/ Contrary to/ As opposed to A, B A , however/on the other hand/in contrast, B . A , B, however/on the other hand/in contrast, 2)列舉 First/ Second (Next) / Third (Then)/ Last (Finally), The fist/ The second/ The third/ The last (The final) Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly/Last(Finally) One/Another/Still an

35、other/The last The most essential/most important/primary/chief is 3) 因果 as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, so, because of this, for these reasons, due to the fact that 4 起承轉(zhuǎn)合常用語(yǔ) 1）"起"的常用語(yǔ) When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with , some people claim/think/argue/believe that

36、, but/while others (differently) Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to . With the development/improvement/growth of , Now, it is commonly/widely/increasingly believed/thought/held/acknowledge that , According to a recent survey/investigation/poll, Have you ever thought/wondered ? Suppose A

37、s the saying goes, 2) "承"的常用語(yǔ) Those who hold . It is true that To be sure . First/Firstly The main/leading/underlying/root/ primary/chief/essential . "承接上文"的方式與文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)，比較的與列舉的不同，與舉例的也不同。同學(xué)們應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的情況選擇適當(dāng)?shù)某薪诱Z(yǔ)。 3）"轉(zhuǎn)"的常用語(yǔ) It sounds like a good(attractive) idea (suggestion)

38、, but they fail to understand (see, notice There is probably an element of truth in the arguments (ideas), but they ignore a more important (basic) fact Closer examination (analysis), however, suggests (shows) that this argument (claim, idea) may not be borne of (supported) by the following evidence

39、 (facts, examples, statistics). Close (careful) examination (analysis) of these arguments (ideas, suggestions), however, would reveal (suggest, prove) how flimsy (不足信的，不嚴(yán)密)(fallacious（靠不住的）, groundless（沒(méi)有根據(jù)的）) they are. However logical (sound, forcible(有說(shuō)服力) these arguments may be, they don't ma

40、ke sense (only skim the surface of the problem) when is viewed the other way (taken into consideration). As opposed to (Contrary to) the widely (commonly, generally) held idea (belief, view), new studies (facts) challenge (fail to justify) the opinion (view). Good/Superior/Wonderful as ., it has its

41、 own disadvantages/ it brings its own problems. They may be right about , but they seem to neglect /fail to mention/take into account In all the discussion and debate over , one important/basic fact is ignored/overlooked/neglected. It is true that/ Admittedly, but it is unlikely/doesn't follow/d

42、oesn't mean that There is an element of truth in these arguments/statements, but they ignore a deeper and more basic/essential/important fact/factor In many cases, however, As far as . is concerned, 4) "合"的常用語(yǔ) Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that Fr

43、om what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion that In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude . It is important/necessary/essential that effective/proper/powerful actions/measure/remedies should be taken t

44、o 三、四六級(jí)作文的謀篇布局 謀篇布局(1) - 將提示的第一句作為文章的第一句 - 將提示的第三句作為第一段的最后一句 - 將提示的第二句展開(kāi)成文章的中心段落 - 結(jié)論段歸納概括，提出建議。 例證 標(biāo)題：City Life and Suburban Life 提綱：1) 最近幾年越來(lái)越多的人遷往近郊居住 2）城市生活和近郊生活各有特點(diǎn) 3）比較起來(lái)，我喜歡的是 In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure

45、tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities. Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs. It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason why people can't bear to part with city lif

46、e. But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city, which is full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and taxies, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. In contrast, living near the countr

47、yside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings - the essentials of a healthy life. Although living in the suburbs one may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, it means nearly nothing wh

48、en thinking of the high cost and heavily polluted environment of the city. The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities; and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life. 謀篇布局（2） - 根據(jù)話題

49、加引段，于段尾提出自己的觀點(diǎn)（也就是提示中的第三句要求內(nèi)容） - 將提示的第一句和第二句寫成文章的中心段落 - 根據(jù)文章的敘述重點(diǎn)，總結(jié)全文，提出方法等。 例證 標(biāo)題： My View on College Students' Part-time Jobs 提綱：1）有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生做兼職工作很有好處； 2）然而，有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生做兼職工作弊多利少； 3）我的看法 Nowadays, an increasing number of college students are doing part-time jobs. People hold different opinions on tha

50、t. Some people think that there are many advantages for college students to have part-time jobs. Firstly, part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities. Secondly, it enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up

51、their self-confidence. Thirdly, part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden their college lives and help them know more of themselves and society. However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages. The main jo

52、b of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce their time for sleep, rest, study and activities. Working several hours a day consumes a lot of time and energy and may affect their studies. As a result, they may find it hard to adjust to what the

53、college expects of them as well as their employers expect, and finally, they may fall behind or fail in their studies. In my opinion, students can choose to take up a part-time job according to their own situation. The most important thing for them is to keep a good balance between part-time jobs an

54、d his study. 謀篇布局（3） - 將提示的第一句和第二句合為第一段，于段尾提出自己的觀點(diǎn)； - 說(shuō)明自己的理由； - 結(jié)論段總結(jié)全文 例文 標(biāo)題：How to Achieve Success 提綱：1）有人說(shuō)成功主要靠運(yùn)氣； 2）有人則認(rèn)為成功主要靠勤奮，與運(yùn)氣毫無(wú)關(guān)系; 3）我的觀點(diǎn) Some people say the key to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. As far as I am concerned, there are many factors contributing to s

55、uccess and the three fundamental ones are diligence, devotion and perseverance. Diligence is the first key factor to success. Diligence helps us remove ignorance, overcome difficulties, and enlighten our minds. It makes a fool wise, and a poor man rich. Devotion is another factor to success. Whateve

56、r we do, we must love it and do it whole-heartedly. Only when we set our minds on the job, can we do it well. Furthermore, perseverance, or a strong will, is the last key to success. Without a strong will, we are likely to give up when we meet some difficulties, let alone perform wonderful deeds. To

57、 conclude, all great men achieve success through diligence, devotion and perseverance. Just as the famous saying goes, "No pains, no gains", "Where there is a will, there is a way." 謀篇布局（4） 將提示中的第一句做為第一段主題句，然后拓展開(kāi) 將提示的第二句做為第二段的主題句，拓展說(shuō)明 將提示的第三句拓展成第三段，但注意與上面兩段的照應(yīng)，使其有總攬全文的作用 例文 標(biāo)題：On

58、 Housing Reform 提示：1）舊房屋政策的弊端； 2）房改帶來(lái)的好處； 3）我怎么辦？ The old house-allotting policy had at least two disadvantages. First, the government spent a lot of money building some houses, but these houses were allotted to people free of charge. Thus, the government would have no money to build more houses for people who badly needed them. Second, the persons who were