英語(yǔ)副詞用法M6

1、程文昭 3月17、18日英語(yǔ)副詞分類詳解一、時(shí)間副詞1. 常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。2. 時(shí)間副詞在句中的位置(1) 表確定時(shí)間的副詞(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有時(shí)也位于句首：He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.

2、 他昨天回家了。而那些表示非確定時(shí)間的副詞(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，還可位于句中(通常位于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后)：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。(2) still, already, just 等幾個(gè)表示時(shí)間的副詞通常位于句中(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后)：He was just left for school. 他剛剛?cè)W(xué)校。I have al

3、ready finished my work. 我已經(jīng)做完了工作。當(dāng)要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，still和already也可位于動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞等之前：She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40歲仍然很美。I already have told him about it. 我已經(jīng)把情況告訴他了。still若用于否定句，則總是位于助動(dòng)詞之前：I still dont understand what you mean. 我還是不明白你的意思。另外，still 和already 還可位于句末，表示驚奇：Are you on page

4、one still? 你還在看第1頁(yè)？Is your mother back already? 你媽媽就已經(jīng)回來(lái)了？ 二、地點(diǎn)副詞1. 常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)副詞常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)副詞有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs, over there等。2. 地點(diǎn)副詞在句中的位置地點(diǎn)副詞在句中通常位于句末或句首，但從不位于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間。若有多個(gè)副詞排列，地點(diǎn)副詞通常位于方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前：The boy read quietly ov

5、er there all afternoon. 這男孩整個(gè)下午都在那兒靜靜地看書(shū)。三、方式副詞1. 方式副詞的特點(diǎn)方式副詞表示動(dòng)詞的行為方式，許多以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞都是方式副詞，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。2. 方式副詞在句中的位置(1) 方式副詞通常位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及其賓語(yǔ))之后：He read the letter slowly. 他從容不迫地看了那封信。方式副詞通常不位于動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間，除非動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)：不可說(shuō)：We like very much it. (應(yīng)

6、改為We like it very much.)但可說(shuō)：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我們可以很清楚地看到在我們前方有一道奇怪的光。若遇到“動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，方式副詞既可位于動(dòng)詞之后，也可位于賓語(yǔ)之后，但是若該結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，則方式副詞通常位于動(dòng)詞之后：He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量著我。He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量著從飛機(jī)

7、上走下來(lái)的每一個(gè)人。(2) 方式副詞(主要是單個(gè)的方式副詞)有時(shí)也可位于主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞之間：He quickly got dressed. 他趕緊穿好衣服。He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生氣，把信撕碎了。(3) 有的方式副詞(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于動(dòng)詞之前和位于句末會(huì)導(dǎo)致句子意思的變化：They secretly decided to leave the town. 他們秘密決定離開(kāi)這個(gè)城市。They decided to l

8、eave the town secretly. 他們決定秘密地離開(kāi)這個(gè)城市。He answered the questions foolishly. 他對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題作了愚蠢的回答。He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。四、頻度副詞1. 頻度副詞的特點(diǎn)頻度副詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)，常見(jiàn)有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。2. 頻度副詞在句中的位置頻度副詞

9、通常位于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后：He often comes to see us. 他常來(lái)看我們。He is seldom late for school. 他上學(xué)很少遲到。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，頻度副詞也可位于動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞等之前：She always was late. 她老是遲到。有的頻度副詞可位于句末(尤其受very, only修飾時(shí))：I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五領(lǐng)工資。We go out very seldom. 我們很少外出。Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看電影嗎?有的

10、頻度副詞(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此時(shí)多半是因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)或?qū)Ρ?：Sometimes he went there by bus. 有時(shí)他坐公共汽車(chē)去那兒。Very often the phone rings when Im in the bath. 電話經(jīng)常在我洗澡時(shí)響?！咀ⅰ亢蟹穸ㄒ饬x的頻度副詞置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序：Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看電影。另外，頻度副詞always 和 never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：Always remember t

11、his. 時(shí)刻記住這一點(diǎn)。Never go out at night. 晚上千萬(wàn)不要出去。3. 頻度副詞在否定句中的位置在否定句中，有的頻度副詞可位于否定詞not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的頻度副詞則必須位于否定詞之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“連續(xù)不斷”之意)，而有的頻度副詞卻必須要位于否定詞not之前(如sometimes, frequently)：He doesnt usually come here. / He usually doesnt come here. 他通常不來(lái)這兒。She d

12、oesnt always come late. 她并非總是遲到。(不能說(shuō) always doesnt)He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有時(shí)對(duì)所做的事不負(fù)責(zé)任。五、程度副詞1. 程度副詞的特點(diǎn)程度副詞用于表示程度，常見(jiàn)的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too(太), greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。2. 程度副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1) 程度

13、副詞主要用于修飾形容詞和副詞，有的還可修飾比較級(jí)(如much, rather 等)和最高級(jí)(如quite, much, almost 等)：Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房?jī)r(jià)貴多了。This is quite much the most expensive radio here. 這是這里最貴的收音機(jī)?！咀ⅰ縬uite 有時(shí)也修飾比較級(jí)，但只用于quite better(身體康復(fù))這一表達(dá)。(2) 有的程度副詞(如quite, rather, almost等)可修飾動(dòng)詞，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)則不能修

14、飾動(dòng)詞：I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意見(jiàn)。(不用fairly, pretty, very)We rather like the film. 我們很喜歡這部電影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)(3) 個(gè)別的程度副詞(主要是quite和rather)還可修飾名詞(注意詞序)：Its quite rather a good idea. / Its a quite rather good idea. 那可真是個(gè)好主意。若此結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有形容詞，則 quite 和 rather 則只能放在冠詞之前：It was quite rather a success

15、. 那事相當(dāng)成功。六、連接副詞1. 連接副詞的分類連接副詞可分為兩類，一類是用于連接句子或從句，常見(jiàn)的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一類是用于引導(dǎo)從句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。2. 連接句子或從句的連接副詞其性質(zhì)類似于并列連詞，使用時(shí)其前通常用分號(hào)或句號(hào)；若其前用逗號(hào)，則通常帶有并列連詞(如and)：I dont like it; besides, its too expensive. 我不喜歡它，而且也太貴了。We all trie

16、d our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我們都已盡了最大的努力，不過(guò)我們還是輸了。注意，有的連接副詞(如however等)后通常有逗號(hào)與句子的其他成分隔開(kāi)。另外，這類副詞有的還可位于句中或句末：We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我們都已盡了最大的努力，不過(guò)我們還是輸了。3. 引導(dǎo)從句和不定式的連接副詞用于引導(dǎo)從句(名詞性從句)或不定式的連接副詞主要有when, why, where, ho

17、w等：Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave. 告訴我什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。I dont know how I can find him. / I dont know how to find him. 我不知道如何找到他。Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to get the money is just our problem. 到哪里去弄這筆錢(qián)正是我們頭痛的事。Thats why he speaks English so well. 那就是他為什么英語(yǔ)講得這

18、么好的原因?！咀ⅰ窟B接副詞why 后不能接不定式，如可說(shuō) I dont know why I must leave.(我不知道我為什么必須離開(kāi))，但不能說(shuō) I dont know why to leave。七、關(guān)系副詞1. 關(guān)系副詞的特點(diǎn)關(guān)系副詞用于引出定語(yǔ)從句，主要有when,(先行詞指時(shí)間) where(先行詞指地點(diǎn)), why(先行詞指原因)：Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是沒(méi)什么人上班的日子。Thats the reason why he dislikes me. 這就是他不喜歡我的原因。Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到?jīng)鲂瑔幔?. 使用關(guān)系副詞的注意點(diǎn)(1) how 不能用作關(guān)系副詞正：This is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.(2) 關(guān)系副詞when和where既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(若引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可用for which reason)。八、疑問(wèn)副詞1. 疑問(wèn)副詞的特點(diǎn)疑問(wèn)副詞有when, wh