漢譯英長(zhǎng)句的翻譯方法

1、1漢譯英長(zhǎng)句翻譯的基本方法漢譯英長(zhǎng)句翻譯的基本方法2每日練習(xí)每日練習(xí)l我們恢復(fù)和采取這些貿(mào)易方式的原因很簡(jiǎn)單：我們出口商品就是為了滿足國(guó)外客戶消費(fèi)方面的需要。lThe reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our export commodities are to meet the need of the consumption of our foreign customers. . 3l也許有些人很可惡，有些人很卑鄙（despicable）。而當(dāng)我設(shè)身為他想象的時(shí)候，我才知道

2、：他比我還可憐。所以請(qǐng)?jiān)徦心阋娺^的人，好人或者壞人 lSome may be wicked, and some may be despicable. Only when I put myself in his position did I know he is more miserable than I. So forgive all that you have met, no matter what kind of persons they are. 4l當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型過程正在引發(fā)一個(gè)新的管理轉(zhuǎn)型問題。因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)戰(zhàn)略決策的基礎(chǔ)與條件已發(fā)生了重大變化。lThe process of the

3、 economic society transformation is causing a new management transformation problem nowadays, because the foundation and condition of traditional strategic decision causes grave variety。5Summary for C to El中文的定語(yǔ)可以是動(dòng)詞（the data obtained/used material, material used），名詞(information technology, the popu

4、lation of the world, political problem, the matter of self-respect)，形容詞(things available in nature)，詞組(many in medical community)和從句(the task we face is )；那么他們應(yīng)該相應(yīng)的在英語(yǔ)處于一個(gè)什么樣的位置呢？l把中文翻譯好英文后，我們是否檢查我們翻譯的英文句子的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)及冠詞使用問題；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣問題呢？6基本方法基本方法l合并法l正譯法和反譯法l倒置法l插入法7合并法合并法l合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，一般用于漢

5、譯英。漢語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)意合，結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，因此簡(jiǎn)單句較多；英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長(zhǎng)句較多。所以漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語(yǔ)短句連成長(zhǎng)句l(1)根據(jù)原文各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，在譯文的句與句之間加上連接詞語(yǔ)如and,while,for.with 8Case 1l中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó)，百分之八十的人口從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、城鎮(zhèn)和其他用地。 lChina is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only o

6、ne tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses. l舊歷新年快來了。這是一年中的第一件大事。除了那些負(fù)債過多的人以外，大家都熱烈地歡迎這個(gè)佳節(jié)的到來9Case 2lThe traditional New Year was soon approaching, the first big event of the year, and everyone, except those who owed heavy debts was enthus

7、iastically looking forward to it10Case 3l農(nóng)民缺乏培訓(xùn)，許多農(nóng)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)效率低，使得絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)村人口在國(guó)內(nèi)處于不利的地位。l譯：Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country.11Case 3l沒有農(nóng)業(yè)，人類便不能生存，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)也就不能繼續(xù)下去。l譯：But for agricu

8、lture, man could not exist, nor could social production proceed.l(2)原文是并列句，排比句。l我們不能出賣我們的國(guó)格，不能出賣我們的人民。 lWe can neither give up our national dignity nor betray our people. 12主從區(qū)分法主從區(qū)分法l漢語(yǔ)復(fù)句中往往不用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，漢語(yǔ)復(fù)句里接二連三出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，從形式上看，它們都是平等的，沒有主從，偏正之分；從邏輯上分析，分句之間也有主從之分。一般說來，凡是為主的分句即主的分句即正句，用英語(yǔ)限定式動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)正句，用英語(yǔ)限定式動(dòng)詞結(jié)

9、構(gòu)來表達(dá)；從屬的分句即偏句，用非限定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)，非限定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)，或增加從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞或增加從屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞，或通過其他各種從句形式來處理。13經(jīng)典句式對(duì)照經(jīng)典句式對(duì)照我們有決心，有信心，通過深化改革、擴(kuò)大開放，我們有決心，有信心，通過深化改革、擴(kuò)大開放，變壓變壓力為動(dòng)力，力為動(dòng)力，迎接加入世貿(mào)組織迎接加入世貿(mào)組織帶來帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)的挑戰(zhàn)，促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷取得新的發(fā)展。濟(jì)不斷取得新的發(fā)展。lWe have the determination and confidence that through the deepening of reform and opening wide

10、r to the outside world, we can turn pressure into motive force to take the challenges arisen from our accession to the WTO and enable the national economy to achieve new progress on a continuous basis.14翻譯之二翻譯之二lWith confidence and determination, and through further reform and opening wider to the o

11、utside world, we will respond positively to the pressure upon us, meeting challenges arising from Chinas accession to the WTO, and pushing forward the development of our national economy.15Case 1l表示原因或結(jié)果的部分，一般應(yīng)從屬于表示結(jié)果的部分l他們患得患失，拒絕接受分配給他們的任務(wù)。lConsidering the gain and loss,they refused to accept the j

12、obs assigned to them.l沒有農(nóng)業(yè)，人類便不能生存，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)也就不能繼續(xù)下去。l譯：But for agriculture, man could not exist, nor could social production proceed.16Case 2l表示方式或狀態(tài)的部分，一般應(yīng)從屬于表示行為或動(dòng)作的部分。l其后走過三個(gè)人，都有四五十歲光景，手搖白紙扇，緩步而來。lBehind him came three men, all some forty to fifty years old. Fanning themselves with white paper fans,

13、they advanced slowly.17Case 3l表示方法和手段的部分，應(yīng)從屬于表示目的的部分l我們用自己動(dòng)手的方法，達(dá)到了豐衣足食的目的。lBy using our own hands we have attained the objective of “ample food and clothing”.18Case 4l屬于修飾或說明關(guān)系的分句或短語(yǔ)，一般應(yīng)譯作從屬部分。l這個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，在東方歷史上是空前的，在世界歷史上也將是偉大的，全世界人民都關(guān)心這個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。lThe people of the whole world are concerned about this war,whi

14、ch has no precedent in the history of the East,and which will be a great war in world history,too. 19l即為吃飯計(jì)，學(xué)問決不會(huì)辜負(fù)人的。 lKnowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence.l少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰時(shí)，要做學(xué)問也來不及了。 lYouth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into s

15、cholarship when in your declining years. 20Case 5l背景情況描述部分，一般應(yīng)從屬于結(jié)論部分l帝國(guó)主義(imperialist)國(guó)家對(duì)外侵略擴(kuò)張，爭(zhēng)奪世界霸權(quán)(hegemony)，必然走向戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。lEngaged in aggression and expansion abroad for the purpose of the world hegemony,the imperialist inevitably will go to war. 21Case 6l否定或反說部分，一般應(yīng)從屬于肯定或正說部分。l國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端在此基礎(chǔ)上予以解決，而不訴諸武力威脅。

16、lInternational disputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use of threat or force.22正譯法和反譯法正譯法和反譯法l這兩種方法通常用于漢譯英，偶爾也用于英譯漢。所謂正譯，是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相同的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。所謂反譯則是指把句子按照與漢語(yǔ)相反的語(yǔ)序或表達(dá)方式譯成英語(yǔ)。正譯與反譯常常具有同義的效果，但反譯往往更符合英語(yǔ)的思維方式和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。因此比較地道。 23Case 1l在美國(guó)，人人都能買到槍。 l譯1：In the United States, ever

17、yone can buy a gun. (正譯)l譯2：In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反譯) 24Case 2l他仍然沒有弄懂我的意思。l譯1：He still could not understand me. (正譯)l譯2：Still he failed to understand me. (反譯) 25倒置法倒置法l在漢語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)往往位于被修飾語(yǔ)之前；在英語(yǔ)中，許多修飾語(yǔ)常常位于被修飾語(yǔ)之后，因此翻譯時(shí)往往要把原文的語(yǔ)序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用于英譯漢, 即對(duì)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法進(jìn)行前

18、后調(diào)換，按意群或進(jìn)行全部倒置，原則是使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時(shí)倒置法也用于漢譯英。 26Case 1l改革開放以來，中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 l譯：Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.27Case 2l我原來計(jì)劃今年二月訪問美國(guó)，后來不得不推遲，這使我感到很掃興。l在一句較長(zhǎng)的中文后如果出現(xiàn)形容詞語(yǔ)，一般在一句較長(zhǎng)的中文后如果出現(xiàn)形容詞語(yǔ)，一般采取如下的方式：采取如下的方式：l譯：It was a keen dis

19、appointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to U.S. in February. 28l少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰時(shí)，要做學(xué)問也來不及了。 lYouth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. l到那時(shí)再想做點(diǎn)學(xué)問來補(bǔ)救，恐怕已太晚了 lBy then it will be too lat

20、e to remedy the situation by picking up studies again./too late for you to pick up study in order to remedy the situation.29插入法插入法l指把難以處理的句子成分用破折號(hào)、括號(hào)或前后逗號(hào)插入譯句中。這種方法主要用于筆譯中。偶爾也用于口譯中，即用同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句來處理一些解釋性成分。 30Casel如果說宣布收回香港就會(huì)像夫人說的“帶來災(zāi)難性的影響”，那我們要勇敢地面對(duì)這個(gè)災(zāi)難，做出決策。 l譯：If the announcement of the recovery

21、of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effects,” we will face up to that disaster and make a new policy decision. (用前后逗號(hào)插入信息）31翻譯對(duì)照翻譯對(duì)照l二十歲的暑假，在家鄉(xiāng)的大街上偶遇自己的暗戀對(duì)象，聽說他考上了研究二十歲的暑假，在家鄉(xiāng)的大街上偶遇自己的暗戀對(duì)象，聽說他考上了研究生，被他的進(jìn)步所打擊，心如刀絞，想到這輩子終于不能出色生，被他的進(jìn)步所打擊，心如刀絞，想到這輩子終于不能出色得得讓他看我讓他看我一眼，不禁愴然淚下。三十歲之

22、后，到處打聽哪里可以花錢買個(gè)一眼，不禁愴然淚下。三十歲之后，到處打聽哪里可以花錢買個(gè)MBA。lAt the age of 20, I was on my vacation. I met the boy whom I loved secretly in the street of my hometown. I heard that he passed the postgraduate entrance examination, so I was really depressed by his progress and felt as if a knife were piercing my hea

23、rt. I couldnt help crying when I thought that I couldnt let him look at me with new eyes during my lifetime. But after I was 30, I inquired about where I could buy a MBA.32lAt the age of 20, during the summer holiday I ran into the young man whom I loved in private in the street of my hometown. Upon

24、 hearing that he had been enrolled as a postgraduate, I was virtually dealt with a heavy blow, believing reluctantly so painful a fact that I could never do well enough to win his favor, with bitter tears streaming down my cheeks. After 30, I busy myself here and there, inquiring where I could buy a

25、 MBA diploma.33總結(jié)總結(jié)l通過以上各例，我們總結(jié)一下英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)對(duì)漢譯英的啟示：l漢譯英的基本過程是將漢語(yǔ)句子的時(shí)間和邏輯漢譯英的基本過程是將漢語(yǔ)句子的時(shí)間和邏輯序列轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)句子的空間架構(gòu)，具體來說：序列轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)句子的空間架構(gòu)，具體來說：l一一. 是切忌想當(dāng)然以為能在英語(yǔ)中找到漢語(yǔ)原文是切忌想當(dāng)然以為能在英語(yǔ)中找到漢語(yǔ)原文近似的對(duì)應(yīng)，就采用直譯的方法，近似的對(duì)應(yīng)，就采用直譯的方法，l二二. 是按照是按照英語(yǔ)行文的需要重新分句英語(yǔ)行文的需要重新分句，34l三三. 是分析和確定每個(gè)句子中的不同成分之間的是分析和確定每個(gè)句子中的不同成分之間的邏輯關(guān)系，邏輯關(guān)系，l四四.

26、是按照各成分之間的關(guān)系重新安排各個(gè)句子，是按照各成分之間的關(guān)系重新安排各個(gè)句子，使?jié)h語(yǔ)句子的線性序列變成英語(yǔ)句子的空間構(gòu)使?jié)h語(yǔ)句子的線性序列變成英語(yǔ)句子的空間構(gòu)架，架，l五五. 是照顧到英語(yǔ)文體和語(yǔ)義等因素的要求。是照顧到英語(yǔ)文體和語(yǔ)義等因素的要求。35文學(xué)翻譯練習(xí)文學(xué)翻譯練習(xí)lTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood,lAnd sorry I could not travel bothlAnd be one traveler, long I stood lAnd looked down one as far as I could lTo where it ben

27、t in the undergrowth;l黃色的樹林里分出兩條路 , l可惜我不能同時(shí)去涉足 ,l我在那路口久久佇立 ,l我向著一條路極目望去 ,l直到它消失在叢林深處。36Part 2lThen took the other, as just as fair,lAnd having perhaps the better claim,lBecause it was grassy and wanted wear;lThough as for that the passing therel Had worn them really about the same,l但我卻選了另外一條路 , 它荒草

28、萎萎 , 十分幽寂 ,l顯得更誘人 , 更美麗 ; 雖然在這兩條小路上 ,l都很少留下旅人的足跡 37Part 3lAnd both that morning equally laylIn leaves no stephad trodden black.?lOh, I kept the first for another day! l雖然那天清晨落葉滿地 ,l兩條路都未經(jīng)腳印污染。l呵 , 留下一條路等改日再見 !38Part 4lYet knowing how way leads on to way,l I doubted if I should ever come back.lI shal

29、l be telling this with a sighl但我知道路徑延綿無盡頭 ,l恐怕我難以再回返。l也許多少年后在某個(gè)地方 ,39lSomewhere ages and ages hence:lTwo roads diverged in a wood, and I-l-I took the one less traveled by,lAnd that has made all the difference.l我將輕聲嘆息將往事回顧 :l一片樹林里分出兩條路一一l而我選了人跡更少的一條l從此決定了我一生的道路 40HamletlTo be，or not to be- that is th

30、e question：lWhether tis nobler in the mind to sufferlThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortunelOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,lAnd by opposing end them.41l是生存還是毀滅，這是一個(gè)問題。l默然忍受命運(yùn)的暴虐的毒箭。l或是挺身反抗人世的無涯的苦難，l在奮斗中結(jié)束了一切，l這兩種行為，哪一種是更勇敢的？42My Heart Will Go On我心依舊我心依舊lEvery night in my dreams I see

31、 you, I feel you. lThat is how I know you go on.lFar across the distance, and spaces between us lYou have come to show you go on.l夜夜長(zhǎng)夢(mèng)夢(mèng)見你 , 撫摩你。 l所以你愛依舊我心知 l跨越我們之間的距離和空間 l夢(mèng)里相見表明你愛依舊。 43lNear, far, wherever you are,lI believe that the heart does go on. lOnce more, you open the doorlAnd youre here in

32、my heart, lAnd my heart will go on and on.l近在咫尺遠(yuǎn)在天涯 , 不論你在何方 , l我相信愛心依舊。l再一次 , 你推開門扉 l你出現(xiàn)在我的心里 , l我心依舊我心依舊。 44lLove can touch us one time and last for a lifetime. lAnd never let go till were gone.lLove was when I loved you, one true time I hold to.lIn my life well always go on.l愛情觸動(dòng)我們一回 , 持續(xù)一生 , l只要

33、生命存在就別放棄愛情 l鐘愛你的時(shí)候 , 愛情是我忠貞不渝的一段光陰l在我的生活中我們將永遠(yuǎn)相愛45l愛情觸動(dòng)我們一回 , 持續(xù)一生 , l只要生命存在就別放棄愛情 l鐘愛你的時(shí)候 , 愛情是我忠貞不渝的一段光陰l在我的生活中我們將永遠(yuǎn)相愛。46lNear, far, wherever you are,lI believe that the heart does go on. lOnce more, you opened the door.lAnd youre here in my heart, lAnd my heart will go on and on.l近在咫尺遠(yuǎn)在天涯 , 不論你在何

34、方 , l我相信愛心依舊。 l再一次 ,你推開門扉 l你出現(xiàn)在我的心里 , l我心依舊我心依舊。47lYoure here, theres nothing I fear,lAnd I know that my heart will go on.lWell stay forever this way,lYou are safe in my heart,lAnd my heart will go on and on.l你在這里 , 我就無所畏懼 ,l我知道我心依舊 l我們將永不變心。 l你安然元恙在我的心里。 l我心依舊我心依舊。 48靜夜思靜夜思李白李白 l床前明月光，疑是地上霜。 舉頭望明月，

35、低頭思故鄉(xiāng)。 l1. In the still of the nightlI descry bright moonlight in front of my bed.lI suspect it to be grey frost on the floor.lI watch the bright moon, as I tilt back my head.lI yearn, while stooping , for my homeland more.49l1. A tranquil NightlAbed, I see a silver light,lI wonder if its frost agro

36、und.lLooking up, I find the moon bright;lBowing, in homesickness Im concerned.50l1. In the Quiet NightlSo bright a gleam on the foot of my bed-lCould there have been a frost already?lLifting my head to look, I found that it was moonlight.lSinking back again, I thought suddenly of home.51寓言故事寓言故事lIt

37、is easy to kick a man that is down.52Translating versionl(1) 狗和狐貍 l幾條狗撿到一張獅子皮 , 他們就用尖牙把它撕成一片片。狐貍看見了就說 : 這獅子如果是活的 , 你們就會(huì)懂得獅子的爪子比你們的牙齒還厲害得多哩。 l(1). The Dogs and the FoxlSome dogs found the skin of a lion and began to tear it to pieces with their teeth. lA fox, seeing them, said, “ If this lion were al

38、ive, you would soon find out that his claws were stronger than your teeth.”532l(2). The Countryman and the SnakelA countryman returning home one winters day, found a snake by the hedge-side, half dead with cold. Taking compassion on the creature, he laid it in his bosom and brought it home to his fi

39、re-side to revive it. No sooner had the warmth restored it, than it began to attack the children of the cottage. Upon this the countryman, whose compassion had saved its life, took up a club and laid the snake dead at his feet. 54Translating versionl一個(gè)冬日里 , 有個(gè)農(nóng)夫在回家路發(fā)現(xiàn)籬笆旁邊有一條凍得半死的蛇。他對(duì)這條蛇起了憐憫之心 , 便把它抱

40、在懷里帶回家去 , 放在爐邊 , 讓它暖和過來。溫暖的爐火才使蛇醒不久 , 它就開始追咬屋里的小孩。這位好心把蛇救活了的農(nóng)夫 , 只好舉起棍子 , 把它打死在腳下。 553l(3). The Thief and the DoglA thief coming to rob a house would have stopped the barking of a dog by throwing bread to him. “Away with you!” said the dog. “ I had my suspicious of you before, but this excess of civ

41、ility assures me that you are a rogue.”lA bride in hand betrays mischief at heart.56Translating versionl一個(gè)小偷來到一戶人家偷東西 , 為了讓狗不再吠叫 , 就扔給狗一塊面包。狗說 : 你滾吧 ! 起初我還只是有點(diǎn)懷疑 , 但你這樣過分禮貌卻使我斷定你是個(gè)壞蛋。 l手里的賄賂暴露了心中的險(xiǎn)惡。 574lA crowd of students was gathered on the campus of Oxford University. “You can have no doubt,” sh

42、outed a young man excitedly, “ that if the Dean does not take back what he said to me this morning, Ill leave Oxford this very evening!”lA buzzing noise followed. “What a man of action!” one said in admiration. “How should we support him and learn from him!” said another.lSuddenly, a girl asked, “We

43、ll,erer Miss Rose, er he told me to get clean away from Oxford this evening!”58Translating versionl牛津大學(xué)的校園里 , 有一群學(xué)生聚集在一起 , 一位男生在慷慨陳詞 : 請(qǐng)你們相信 , 如果教務(wù)長(zhǎng)不收回今晨他對(duì)我說過的話 , 我就在今晚離開牛津大學(xué) !l接著 , 學(xué)生們議論紛紛。這個(gè)嘆服地說 : 真不愧是個(gè)說話算話的大丈夫啊 !l那個(gè)說 : 我們應(yīng)該支持他并向他學(xué)習(xí)哪 !l忽然 , 一位女生問 : 霍布 , 教務(wù)長(zhǎng)跟你說什么來著 ? 他彎下腰來 , 小聲地對(duì)她耳語(yǔ) : 這個(gè) , 嗯嗯羅斯小姐 呀 , 嗯他叫我就在今晚滾出牛津 !l 59Chinese humorsl(1) 一起走l女 : 這個(gè)家 , 我再也呆不下去了 , 我馬上就離開l 男 :“ 這個(gè)家 , 我也呆不下去了 , 等等我 , 我和你一起走。l (1) Leave Toget