初中英語復(fù)合句中考專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)

1、初中英語復(fù)合句中考專項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)鷹擊長(zhǎng)空基礎(chǔ)不丟一、 賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句，中考主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)有三個(gè)：引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)1、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑問詞What/ when/ where/ who等。 He said that he could help me. Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week. Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin（1） that引導(dǎo)的賓語

2、從句： that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般都是由陳述句充當(dāng)，引導(dǎo)詞that沒有實(shí)際意義，不在從句中作任何成分， that可以省略，而且從句成分齊全，句意完整。He said (that) he could come on time. 他說他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來的。（2）whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句： 從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，變成從句后，語序由原來的倒裝語序變成陳述語序。 Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.I dont care whether you like

3、the story or not.注意：以下情況一般只用whether不用if。 接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。She doesnt know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去動(dòng)物園。 與or not連用時(shí)。Im not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否準(zhǔn)時(shí)來，我說不準(zhǔn)。（3）疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：此類賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，變成賓語從句后要用陳述語序，由wh-開頭的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。wh-詞包括who, whom, whose, what, which等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接

4、副詞，這些引導(dǎo)詞有各自的意思，在從句中要作相應(yīng)的成分，不能省略。例如：Could you tell me which gate we have to go to He didnt tell me how long he would stay here. 2、賓語從句的三個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)1）語序：賓語從句要用陳述語序，原來的倒裝語序改成陳述語序時(shí)注意相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞的變化等。把這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)復(fù)合句： Where does your father work Can you tell us _Did you get home very late He asked me. _2）時(shí)態(tài)：如果主句是一般

5、現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用各種時(shí)態(tài)。My teacher says he will be back in a week. My teacher says he has seen the movie. 如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。My father said he was watching TV at that time. My father said the he had already seen the movie.如果賓語從句是表示客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than t

6、he earth. 我們的老師告訴我們太陽比地球大多了。3) 否定轉(zhuǎn)移：主句的主語如果是第一人稱，從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，其反意疑問句與從句一致。例如：I dont think theyll wait to the last minute. I dont believe he did this, did he 二、定語從句用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般放在它所修飾名詞或代詞的后面，這個(gè)名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在從句中代表先行詞可以作主語、賓語、定語等。關(guān)系副詞代表先行詞在從句中可以作狀語。關(guān)系詞詞形所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分關(guān)系

7、代詞who人主語、賓語、表語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語、表語that人、物主語、賓語、表語whose人、物定語關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語why原因名詞原因狀語1. 選出正確的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵：看所修飾的是人還是物；看它所代表的先行詞在定語從句中做什么成分。例如：Do you know the man who/that sells eggs to me （先行詞是“the man”，在從句中作主語，用who/ that）Your father was not on the train that/ which arrived just now. (

8、先行詞是物，用which/that，在從句中作主語)This is the book (which / that) you wanted. (先行詞是物，用which/that，在從句中作賓語，可省)Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor (先行詞是人，whose代表“男孩的”，在從句中作定語)You can go home where you can have a rest. (先行詞是地點(diǎn)，where相當(dāng)于at home，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語)Do you remember the year when we were hungry every

9、 day (先行詞是時(shí)間，when相當(dāng)于in the year，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語） Do you know the reason why she didnt come to our party (先行詞是原因，why相當(dāng)于for the reason，在從句中作原因狀語）2. 引導(dǎo)詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。例如：Have you seen the book (that) I gave you yesterday？ 3. 引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，不能省略。例如：Do you know the man who is speaking to your father？三、狀語從句用作狀語的句子叫狀語從句

10、。引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞是從屬連詞。狀語從句可以在句首，也可以在句尾，根據(jù)其用途可分為：時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、條件狀語從句，比較狀語從句等。1. 時(shí)間狀語從句：時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間，常用連接詞有：when（當(dāng)時(shí)），while（當(dāng)時(shí)），as（當(dāng)時(shí)），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（自從），until（直到）， as soon as（一就），once（一旦就）等。例如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. I can listen to the radio while

11、I work. 注意： 時(shí)間狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。I will telephone you when he comes. Ill stay here until you come back. when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生，從句的謂語可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如：He was working when I went in.When she heard the news, she began to cry. while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，意思是“在期間”。They rushed in while we

12、 were singing. 我們唱歌時(shí)，他們沖進(jìn)來。as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，不分先后。可以譯成“隨著”或“一邊一邊”。John sings as he walks home. while還可以表示兩者之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系。I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music. since引導(dǎo)狀語從句，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。We have been friends since we met in Beijing. It has been six years since she left school. 2.

13、地點(diǎn)狀語從句：地點(diǎn)狀語從句表示地點(diǎn)。其連接詞有where（哪里），wherever（無論哪里）等。Put it where you find it. You can sit wherever you like. 3. 原因狀語從句：原因狀語從句表示原因或者理由。其連接詞有：because（因?yàn)椋琣s （因?yàn)椋?，since（既然）等。I often eat carrots because they are good for my health. As I dont know the way, I had to ask the policeman. 注意： because表示因果關(guān)系語氣最強(qiáng)，常

14、用來回答why提出的問題。I didnt tell them because they were too young. because和so不能同在一個(gè)句子里。Because the book was expensive, I didnt buy it. (I 前不用so)4. 結(jié)果狀語從句：表示結(jié)果。其連接詞有：sothat（如此以致），so that（結(jié)果），such that（如此以致）等。Its such a good chance that you cant miss it. 注意： sothat 和 such that 都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，注意so和such后面所接的詞不同。

15、such. thatsucha(an)形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that從句 such形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞that從句He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 但是如果名詞前由many、much、few、little（少）等詞修飾，則用so。例如： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. so . th

16、atso形容詞副詞.that從句so形容詞a(an)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that從句He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. =He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him.=He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.) 5. 目的狀語從句：表示目的。其連接詞有：so（

17、以便），so that（為了），in order that（為了）等，從句中多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, will, may, should 等。He got up very early so that he could catch the first train. 6. 條件狀語從句：條件狀語從句表示條件。其連接詞有：if（如果），unless （如果不，除非），as long as（只要）等。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天氣好的話我們?nèi)ビ斡尽Ｗ⒁猓?條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Unless it rains,

18、the game will be played. 如果不下雨，比賽就將進(jìn)行。 unless意思相當(dāng)于ifnot。7. 讓步狀語從句：常由though/although (雖然)，even if/ though (即使)等引導(dǎo)。 Though its hard work, I enjoy it.突飛猛進(jìn)過手訓(xùn)練1. I dont know if you come to my party tomorrow. 解析本題是考查賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)用法，從句子的意思理解是if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，要用一般將來時(shí)，此題誤用作狀語從句了。所以應(yīng)把come改為will/ can come。2. Can you tell

19、me where does he study English解析本題是考查賓語從句的語序的用法，特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用陳述語序，所以把助動(dòng)詞does去掉，而且因?yàn)閺木渲髡Z是he，還要把study變成studies。3. My teacher told me that light traveled faster than the sound.解析本題是考查賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)用法。賓語從句是表示客觀真理（即光速比聲速快），所以賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響。所以要把traveled改為travels。4. They are the people and books who you wa

20、nt to learn.解析本題是考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用法，定語從句的先行詞既有人和也有物，所以引導(dǎo)詞要用人和物共用的that，不能用who或者which。所以要把who改為that。5. He got to school early if he could clean the classroom.解析本題是考查表示目的的狀語從句的連接詞的用法。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，而此句應(yīng)該用連接詞so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。所以把if改為so that。突飛猛進(jìn)過手訓(xùn)練 T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me_A. where you buy it B. where

21、 do you buy it C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it2. I can't forget the time _ the earthquake happened in Yushu.A. when B. which C. that D. where3. If the child _, please telephone the police. A. found B. is found C. was found D. has found 4. I hurried _I wouldn't be late for clas

22、s.A. so B. so that C. if D. unless5. This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library. A. where B. which C. who D. when6. Friends are those _ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.A. which B. what C. whom D. who7. Does anyone know _I hear that he was bor

23、n in Sweden. A. what he is B. when he was born C. where he comes from D. which country is he from8. I don't know if Jack _. If he _, call me, please.A. will come; will comes B. comes; come C. comes; will come D. will come; comes9. The TV play is about a true story _ happened in Mianyang in 1998.

24、A. it B. what C. that D. when said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been11. We _ TV when the telephone _. A. watched, was ringing B. were watching, rang? C. were watching, rings D. are watching, rang 12. Do you like music _ makes you relaxed

25、A. it B. what C. who D. that13. Do you know _ the MP4 yesterdaySorry. I've no idea about it. A. how much did he pay for B. how much he paid forC. he paid for how much D. he paid how much for14. Is that the man _ helped us a lot after the earthquake A. where B. which C. when D. who15. He met many

26、 problems _ he was going over his lessons.A. before B. as soon as C. since D .while16. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come 17. _ well you drive, you must drive carefully.A. No matter where B. In order that C. No

27、 matter how D. As soon as18. We have to get up at 7：15 tomorrow morning, _ we will be late for the 7：40 train.A. before B. or C. if D. so19. Do you know what time _ A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 20. I don't know _. Can you tell me, please

28、A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 21Sorry, we don't have the coat _ you need.A. what B. who C. whom D. which22. It's a serious problem. We can't decide _ comes back.A. while B. since C .until D. so2

29、3. It's snowing outside! Put on more clothes, _ you may catch a cold.A. and B. but C. or D. though24. The policeman asked me _ at this time yesterday. A. what was I doing B. what did I do C. what I was doing D. what I do25. _China is growing stronger and stronger, Chinese is taught in more and m

30、ore countries. A. If B. Unless C. As D. Although26.Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the theatre with us this Sunday if it _Sorry, I have no idea.A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine27. Could you ring me up as soon as he _ A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive 28. She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may29. Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelle