七上詞匯過(guò)關(guān)

1、七年級(jí)（上）Unit1-12一、重點(diǎn)詞匯過(guò)關(guān)1. needneed意為“需要”，它既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，還可以作名詞。下面是它的具體用法：need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化，可直接構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句。例如：Need you go yet?No, I neednt. (Yes , I must.)You neednt go, need you? need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，主要有下列兩種用法： something. +need +doing= something. +need +to be done “需要被-“如：The flowers need watering .(The flowe

2、rs need to be watered) Somebody. +need +to do something “某人需要做-“。例如： Does he need to know? You dont need to worry about him. need作名詞，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) in need of “需要-“例如： They are in great need of help.2. family, home, househome, house, family這三個(gè)詞都有“家”的意思，但是含義上有所不同。home指家庭成員在一起生活居住的地方，如：家，家鄉(xiāng)，本國(guó)。例如：East or west,

3、home is best.His home is in Hunan.They have a comfortable home.【注】在美語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)也作“房子；房屋（house）”解。例如：Homes for sale.home可用作副詞，意為“到家，回到家里”,at home意為“在家；本土的，國(guó)內(nèi)的”，on ones way home意為“在某人回家的路上”。Go home回家，stay at home 呆在家里。例如：Is she home yet?May I send you home?house主要指建筑物，住宅，房子。例如：New house are going up everywh

4、ere.He is staying at his friends house. family指家中成員或子女，如父母、子女、妻子、丈夫、兄妹等，一般不涉及房屋。但需注意：family意為“家庭”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，family意為“家人”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： How many people are there in Simons family? His family is a happy family. Look! All his family are watching TV together now.3. each 與與everyeach作代詞時(shí)意為“每個(gè)；各個(gè)”；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)

5、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Each of them has a dictionary.作副詞時(shí)意為對(duì)每個(gè)，對(duì)各個(gè)。例如：These coats cost 50 dollars each.The tickets are one dollar each.each作形容詞時(shí)意為“每個(gè)的，各個(gè)的?！眅ach 修飾單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如： Each student has an English book. 【區(qū)別】each 和every都有“每個(gè)”的意思，但含義和用法不同。 each強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物中的“每個(gè)”，而every指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物的“整體”，與all的意思相

6、近。兩者后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)形式。注意every只用作形容詞，后接單數(shù)名詞，不能用作代詞。 例如： Jim gave a book to each of his parents.(此時(shí)只能用each,不能用every,因?yàn)閜arents表達(dá)的是“兩個(gè)人”的概念，即“父親和母親”。而且這里each是代詞。) The girl had a cut on each of her feet. (feet雖然是foot的復(fù)數(shù)形式，單表達(dá)的概念是“兩只腳“ Every student has to take the examination.(此時(shí)不能用each,因?yàn)閰⒓涌荚嚨耐瑢W(xué)數(shù)量不止“兩個(gè)”。) Go

7、 to bed, every one of you! 4also, too與either 副詞also意為“亦；也;同樣；并且”，在句中通常置于行為動(dòng)詞之前或be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，即緊跟謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如： I also want to go to the zoo. Youll have to get a passport, and youll also need a visa. Im a student, and he is also a student. His little sister has also gone to the town. 副詞too意為“也；亦；還；”通常用于肯

8、定句的句末。另外，還可用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。例如： I can sing, and I can dance,too. either作副詞時(shí)，意為“也不”，只用于否定句中，通常位于句末。例如： Ann cant swim, and I cant either. I havent read this book, and my brother hasnt either. either-or-意為“或-或-，要么-要么-”，用于連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列成分或分句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)需按“就近原則”，例如： Either he or we remain here. Either you or I am right

9、.either用作代詞，意為“（兩者之中）任一、任何一個(gè)”。可作主語(yǔ)（此時(shí)句中謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)）、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)（either作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能修飾單數(shù)名詞。）例如：Either (of the books ) is popular with the students.I have bought two cakes ;you may have either.You can park on either side of the street. 5.take ,bring ,carry和fetch take意為“帶走”，指從近處帶到遠(yuǎn)處。例如： Please take these books to the

10、 library for me . Take the box away ,please. bring意為“帶來(lái)”，從遠(yuǎn)處帶來(lái)。例如： Next year you may bring your family from England. Next time dont forget to bring me a copy of your works. carry 意為“帶”，無(wú)方向性，指移動(dòng)較重、較大的東西，有“負(fù)重”的含義。例如： They are carrying some paintings to the art gallery. This bus is licensed to carry 10

11、0 passengers. fetch則表示“去拿來(lái)”，與go and bring 的意思相同。 Please wait a minute. Hes just gone out to fetch some water. 現(xiàn)將bring, take, fetch和carry 用在同一個(gè)句中，以便區(qū)別： Take that box and bring it with you , or if it is too heavy for you to carry it ,Ill send Joe to fetch it . 6see , watch ,look at ,read see是指無(wú)意或有意的“看

12、”。例如： I can see the bus coming . I saw a great movie at that theater yesterday evening. (這里的saw=watched) watch指集中注意力“看”，且持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間。例如： Do you mind if I watch the news? The boy likes to watch TV after dinner. 【注意】“看電影”也可以寫(xiě)成 go to a movie?！翱措娪啊笨捎胹ee或者watch，但“看電視”就只能用watch，但若是指看電視上的影片，則又可以用see。例如： I usua

13、lly watch TV in my free time. I usually watch/see movies on TV in my free time. look at 7、have，there be Have,和there be 都表示“有”，但其用法有別。 （1）have用來(lái)表示各種關(guān)系的所有，表示主觀“擁有”，本身“具有（說(shuō)明人物的外觀）”或整體與局部的“含有”。第三人稱單數(shù)用has,過(guò)去時(shí)用had,例如： I have a good friend.我有位好朋友。 Mary has big eyes.瑪麗長(zhǎng)著大大的眼睛。 Does the book have a red cover

14、? 這本書(shū)是紅色的封面嗎？ （2）There be 表示狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀“存在有”，意為“某地（某時(shí)）有某物（某人）”，經(jīng)常與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，其主語(yǔ)時(shí)單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用is 或 was,若謂語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用are 或were .例如： There is a bike in Jims room.在吉姆的房間里有一輛自行車。 There were some flowers on the desk.桌子上有一些花。 （3）在表示“構(gòu)成上的含有”時(shí)，there be 和have 可以互換使用，例如： A week has 7 days .=(There are 7 days in

15、a week .) 一周有七天。 The room has only one door .(=There is only one door in the room .) 這個(gè)房間只有一扇門(mén)。8. little a little與few a few(1)little作代詞時(shí)意為“少量；一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”。用來(lái)指代不可數(shù)名詞。例如：I have some ice cream .Would you like a little? 我有些冰淇淋，你想來(lái)點(diǎn)嗎？Do you have any money left ? 你剩下一些錢(qián)嗎？No,I have very little.不，我所剩的錢(qián)不多了。（2）little

16、用作形容詞時(shí)意為“小的，少量的；年輕的；微不足道的”。“少量的”后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如： What a nice little garden ! 多么漂亮的一個(gè)小花園！ You neednt worry about the little things of life. 你不必為生活中的瑣事而煩惱。He has a little milk to drink every day.他每天只有一點(diǎn)牛奶喝。 （3）a little 作副詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于kind of ,意為“少許；一點(diǎn)兒”。例如： She is a little fat.她有點(diǎn)胖。 （4）few 作代詞意為“很少；不多”，指代可數(shù)名詞。當(dāng)形容

17、詞用時(shí)修飾可數(shù)名詞。例如： She has few friends.她沒(méi)有幾個(gè)朋友。 Few of the children noticed the time passing.孩子當(dāng)中很少有人注意到時(shí)間在流逝。 【區(qū)別】little和few 都暗含否定的意思, a little和a few 都暗含肯定的含意。little和a little都指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞；few和a few 指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞。例如： I have little money with me .我隨身沒(méi)帶什么錢(qián)。（否定，修飾不可數(shù)名詞） There is a little water in the bottle. -Sug

18、ar? -A little,please. Tom has few friends here. I know a few of these people. 【注意】quite a few 很多，大量；only a few 只有幾個(gè)；not a little 不是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，大量；not a bit 一點(diǎn)也不。例如: Quite a few workers are from China. Only a few of them are students. There is not a little milk left in the bottle. -Are you tired? -No,not a b

19、it. 9.join take part in 和attend (1)join做動(dòng)詞意為“加入；參加；連接”。例如： He wants to join the volleyball team. We can join the two islands with a bridge. 【注意】表達(dá)“參加”還可以用take part in ,join in 和attend ,但用法與動(dòng)詞join有所不同： 動(dòng)詞join側(cè)重于加入某個(gè)組織或者團(tuán)體，成為其中的一名成員，如“參軍、入團(tuán)、入黨”等。例如： My cousin joined the army in 1990. (2)take part in指“

20、參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)”，用法與“join in”相似，但join in 多指“參加正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)”。例如： Tom didnt take part in the sports meeting because of illness. Will you join us in a discussion? She started singing and we all join in . （3）動(dòng)詞attend 通常指“出席重大的會(huì)議或者重大場(chǎng)合”，如婚禮、報(bào)告等。例如： The president attended the meeting himself. I will attend an important

21、 meeting tomorrow. 10.some與any some 和 any都是不定代詞，可以用來(lái)代替名詞或形容詞，一下幾點(diǎn)應(yīng)引起注意： （1）、some以為“一些，有些”，常在肯定句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。例如： Some of my birthday gifts were sent by my classmates. There are some hills in the picture,too. Mary, you had better take some medicine. (2)any 意為“什么，一些，任何”，常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，也可用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。 例如： If you like,you can t