中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)代詞課件

1、( (二二) )代詞代詞 一、代詞概述一、代詞概述w 代詞就是指可以代替名詞的詞代詞就是指可以代替名詞的詞 , ,可分為以下九種可分為以下九種: :人稱代詞人稱代詞(personal pronoun)(personal pronoun)物主代詞物主代詞(possessive pronoun)(possessive pronoun)反身代詞反身代詞(reflexive pronoun)(reflexive pronoun)相互代詞相互代詞(reciprocal pronoun)(reciprocal pronoun)指示代詞指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun)(demonstr

2、ative pronoun)疑問代詞疑問代詞(interrogative pronoun)(interrogative pronoun)關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(relative pronoun)(relative pronoun)不定代詞不定代詞(indefinite pronoun)(indefinite pronoun)(一)、人稱代詞w人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請(qǐng)看下表人稱 我你他她它我們 你們 他們主格 Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格 meyouhimheritusyouthem人稱代詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（賓格）、表語(yǔ)等。例如：We found English easy

3、to understand.They helped us to move the furniture in.Whos that? Its me. 人稱代詞的用法的用法w(1)在并列的主語(yǔ)中，I 總放在最后。 Lily, Lucy and I are good friends. (2)she 可以用來(lái)代表國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等。 The moon is round tonight, isnt she? w當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)其排列順序一般為you, he, she, I,而復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)為we, you, they.如男女并列時(shí)，應(yīng)先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承擔(dān)責(zé)任

4、時(shí)，單數(shù)時(shí)用，I, he, she, you, 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.it的用法w1. 要點(diǎn)提示要點(diǎn)提示 w it可以用作人稱代詞，它還可以指時(shí)間、天氣、距離、上下文等，另外，it還可以作先行詞，作形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)形式賓語(yǔ)。 2. 用法指南用法指南w (1)作為人稱代詞，it可以用來(lái)指東西、動(dòng)物、嬰兒和未確定身份的人。 Wheres my book? Have you seen it? 我的書在哪里？你看見了沒有？ The dog is in the garden, isnt it? 狗在花園里，是吧？ The

5、 baby cried because it is hungry. 嬰兒哭了，因?yàn)樗?她餓了。 (Someone is ringing.) Whos it? Its me.(有人在按門鈴。)誰(shuí)呀？是我。 (2)it 可以指上下文內(nèi)容 The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud. 2008年將在北京舉行奧運(yùn)會(huì)。這使得中國(guó)人非常自豪。w(3)it表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離等。 What time is it now? Its half past nine. It is cold. Its abo

6、ut ten kilometers from the park to the museum. (4)it用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ) Its very important for us to learn English well . I found it hard to fly a kite. (二)物主代詞 w物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞,有my, your, his/her/its, our, their,和名詞性物主代詞，包括mine, yours, his/hers, ours, theirs. 形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，詞，名詞性物主代詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、

7、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)），相當(dāng)于一個(gè)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞名詞 。例如：w Water is very important to our life. wIts a habit of theirs. wI left my dictionary at home. May I use yours? (三)反身代詞w反身代詞包括：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself; ourselves, yourselves, themselves, 以及oneself。例如：wI really feel quite ashamed of myself for it.

8、I hope youll enjoy yourself at the party.Help yourself to more soup, please. 反身代詞用法w反身代詞是一種表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞，詞尾是self或selves。w(1)反身代詞用作同位語(yǔ)，表示強(qiáng)調(diào) Youll have to do it yourself. The theory itself is all right. (2)反身代詞與人稱代詞賓格的區(qū)別在于，只有當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)才使用反身代詞。 He saw himself in the mirror. He saw him in the mirror. (he

9、和him指的不是同一人，him指代另一個(gè)人)w(3)反身代詞的固定搭配是?？純?nèi)容：反身代詞的固定搭配是常考內(nèi)容： They enjoyed themselves at the party last night. Help yourself to some fish. I taught myself swimming when I was six. 反身代詞的固定搭配：反身代詞的固定搭配： by oneself (靠靠)自己自己 enjoy oneself 過得愉快過得愉快 help oneself to 隨便吃隨便吃 teach oneself 自學(xué)自學(xué) talk to oneself 自言自

10、語(yǔ)自言自語(yǔ) (四)指示代詞w指示代詞包括this, that, these, those指示代詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓語(yǔ)）、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。例如：This steel is not hard enough for our purpose.That argument of his convinces no one.This is what I want to say.Wait until youve heard this.Whats all this? (=Whats the trouble/matter?)John is the monitor of the class, and

11、as such must decide how to do next.Ill tell you about that unforgettable ten days in North Africa.指示代詞用法w(1)表示空間上的遠(yuǎn)近：this和these表示近。that和those表示遠(yuǎn)。 No one had worked in this place for ages. I dont like the look of those clouds. (2)表示時(shí)間上的遠(yuǎn)近 These days the Olympics must mean the best. At that point he b

12、ecame worried. w注意：注意：that和和those有時(shí)可以用來(lái)代表前面有時(shí)可以用來(lái)代表前面剛提到過的名詞以避免重復(fù)。剛提到過的名詞以避免重復(fù)。 The best cotton is that from Xinjiang. 指示代詞的固定搭配：指示代詞的固定搭配： like this 像這樣像這樣 thats all right 沒關(guān)系沒關(guān)系 more than that 更重要的是更重要的是 for all that 盡管如此盡管如此 So thats that. 就是這樣。就是這樣。(五)疑問代詞w疑問代詞包括：疑問代詞包括：who (指人，主格），指人，主格），whom（賓

13、格），（賓格），whose（所有格），（所有格），what（指物）（指物）,which（指人或（指人或物）。疑問代詞引導(dǎo)疑問句，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓物）。疑問代詞引導(dǎo)疑問句，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如：語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如：Which do you like best, your mother or your father?Who is your favourite composer?What channel did you watch on television last night?Whom did you meet on your way home?w這里，這里，whi

14、ch是同學(xué)們不易掌握的內(nèi)容，其實(shí)，同學(xué)是同學(xué)們不易掌握的內(nèi)容，其實(shí)，同學(xué)們只須記住，們只須記住，對(duì)作定語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容提問，常用對(duì)作定語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容提問，常用which. w例如例如: I like the red shirt. w_ _ do you like ? (六) 關(guān)系代詞wwho (whom, whose), which, that等可用做關(guān)系代等可用做關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：He is a man who can play the piano very well.The people whom you met in the campus yesterday are

15、 from England.Is there anyone in your department whose father is a painter?(七)不定代詞w不定代詞在初中課本中主要有不定代詞在初中課本中主要有wsome, any，weach, every, wall, none wboth, either neither, wother, another, wone, wmany, much, few, little ,w1.some & anywsome（一些，某）（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中一般用于肯定句中 注：注：some有時(shí)也可用于表示請(qǐng)求的疑問句中。在由有時(shí)也可用

16、于表示請(qǐng)求的疑問句中。在由would you like發(fā)出的問句中，表達(dá)了說話者真心實(shí)意要為發(fā)出的問句中，表達(dá)了說話者真心實(shí)意要為對(duì)方提供些飲料，或在說話者想得到對(duì)方的肯定答對(duì)方提供些飲料，或在說話者想得到對(duì)方的肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，在疑問句中要用復(fù)時(shí)，在疑問句中要用some而不用而不用any。 w Will you give me some water? w Would you like some meat? w May I ask some questions? w Could I have some apples? w any（任何）（任何） 多用于疑問句和否定句多用于疑問句和否定句 2.ever

17、y & eachwevery 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞 “每一個(gè)每一個(gè)” 強(qiáng)調(diào)共性，作定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)共性，作定語(yǔ),形式上為單形式上為單數(shù)。如數(shù)。如: Every child likes playing games. weach“每一個(gè)每一個(gè)” 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性，作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性，作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，常與常與of連用。連用。each作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，w如：如：Each of us wants to learn English well， Each of them has a nice skirt.w但但each作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，則應(yīng)以

18、原名詞的數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。如作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，則應(yīng)以原名詞的數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。如:We each have a ticket for the concert. wevery只可作形容詞只可作形容詞，不可作代詞，而，不可作代詞，而each既可作形容詞，既可作形容詞，又可作代詞，在作形容詞時(shí)又可作代詞，在作形容詞時(shí)each側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，而側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，而every 則則側(cè)重于全體。側(cè)重于全體。every用于三者或三者以上的每一個(gè)，而用于三者或三者以上的每一個(gè)，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一個(gè)。因?yàn)榻值乐挥袃蓚?cè)，所以只用于二者或二者以上的每一個(gè)。因?yàn)榻值乐挥袃蓚?cè)，所以只能用能用each而不能用而不能用every.3.Al

19、l & none w3.all “(全部全部)都都” 表示三者或三者以表示三者或三者以上，作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在連系、助上，作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在連系、助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。如：動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. w none “沒有沒有”表示三者或三者以上表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介詞都不，后常跟介詞of 。如：。如：None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（單、復(fù)數(shù)（單、復(fù)數(shù)均可）均可） 4.both, either, neitherw4.both “（

20、兩者）都（兩者）都” ,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。語(yǔ)時(shí)，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 w either “兩者中任何一個(gè)兩者中任何一個(gè)” ,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用第作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)三人稱單數(shù);作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，后跟名詞單數(shù)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，后跟名詞單數(shù)。w neither “(兩者兩者)都不都不”,含有否定意義，用法同含有否定意義，用法同either。 如：如：wThey both swim well. Both of them swim well. wThere are trees on both sides of the street. = There are tree

21、s on either side of the street. wNeither of us is going to Beijing next week. wNeither answer is right. 5. Another & otherwanother +單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞, “另一個(gè)另一個(gè)” ,用于泛指用于泛指 wone the other “一個(gè)一個(gè)，另一個(gè)，另一個(gè)” wthe other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 = the others “其他的人其他的人或物或物” （指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部）（指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部） others “別人別人” 如：如：There are t

22、en students here. Where are the others? There are ten students here Where are the other students?6. eitheror, neithernorw由由eitheror, neithernor, or 連接兩個(gè)主連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果兩主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，用單數(shù)代詞，語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果兩主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，用單數(shù)代詞，如兩主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：如兩主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.

23、 w在在eitheror,或或neithernor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與和其相近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相配。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與和其相近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相配。 7.onewone作代詞時(shí)，它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是作代詞時(shí)，它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones,所有所有格形式是格形式是ones，反身代詞為，反身代詞為oneself.w如果如果one與別的詞組成其他詞，如：與別的詞組成其他詞，如： someone, anyone, everyone或或only one 則要用則要用his/her，來(lái)作其所有格形式。，來(lái)作其所有格形式。8.many, much, few, littlewmany, much, few, l

24、ittle這這4個(gè)詞前僅能用個(gè)詞前僅能用so wmuch用于不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂用于不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。而語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。而many用于可數(shù)名詞，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用于可數(shù)名詞，它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 a few/ a little為有為有一些。一些。 few用于可數(shù)名詞，用于可數(shù)名詞，little用于不可數(shù)用于不可數(shù)名詞名詞,意為幾乎沒有，但意為幾乎沒有，但few作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，little與與few用于句中時(shí)，用于句中時(shí)，均要按否定句看待。均要按否定句看待。 如：如： You have few frie

25、nds, have you? (八) 相互代詞w相互代詞包括相互代詞包括each other和和one another。相互代。相互代詞有數(shù)和格的變化，詞有數(shù)和格的變化，each others, one anothers為所有格形式。為所有格形式。相互代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓語(yǔ)），相互代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓語(yǔ)），其所有格可作定語(yǔ)。如：其所有格可作定語(yǔ)。如：Most of us know each other pretty well.The men shook hands with one another. 三 例題解析w1 These are books. Yours a

26、re over there. A / B my C me D mine 2 is she? She is a teacher. A What B How C Who D Wherew3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped. A Something, working B Something, to work C Any thing, working D Anything, to work答案答案B.析這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。析這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。答案答案A.w4 Mary, help to the bananas, please. A you B

27、 your C yourself D yourselvesw5 do you go to school every day? By bus. A How B Why C When D Where答案答案C.答案答案A.w6 My skirt is popular than.wA much, her B much, hers wC more, her D more, hersw7 Can you speak English?w Yes, but only.wA few B a few C little D a little答案答案D.答案答案D.w8 Mr.Smith is an old fri

28、end of.wA I B me C my D minew9 “ do you hear from your parents?”w“About once a month.”wA How long B How manywC How often D How much答案答案D.答案答案C.w10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.wA everything B nothing wC anything D somethingw11 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.”w“Good idea!”wA a

29、nything nice B nice anythingwC something nice D nice something答案答案C.答案答案C.w12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?w I dont mind. time is OK.wA Some B Neither C Either D Bothw13 This is not her kite,but.wA hes B him C he D his答案答案C.答案答案D.w14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sur

30、e daddy will come back soon.wA No B Many C Those D Twow15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.wA few B many C more D fewer答案答案A.答案答案C.w1. There isnt in todays newspaper. wA anything interesting B something interestingwC nothing interesting D interesting anythingw2. Sep

31、tember 10th is Day?wA Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachersw3. In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country?w wA So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.ww4. Shall we go into that shop and have a look?w Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.wA everything B a

32、nything C something D nothing課時(shí)訓(xùn)練ADCDw5. My sister doesnt like skating. wA So do I B So I dontwC Neither I dont D Neither do Iw6. Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,.wA you, he and I B I, you and hewC he, I and you D you, I and heww7. All the students are busy, soof them will g

33、o to the concert.wA many B little C a few D fewD.A.D.w8. Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?w Sam Bruce. It was the cat.wA Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, orw9. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.are climbing the hill.wA Others B Other C Another D

34、The otherww10. She is not a nurse. Im not.wA also B either C neither D toow11. I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.wA the other B another C others D the othersC.A. 。B.A.w12. Sorry, I cant answer your question.wI know about the subject.wA little B a little C few D a feww13. The teacher gave student a new book.wA nobody B both C each D anyw14. Black is neither a teacher a worker.wA or B either C nor D andw15. Our teacher gave uson studying.wA many advices