PETS 5 WritingIntroduction

1、PETS 5 WritingIntroductionby Huijuan SHUPre-course Questions What are the difficulties in English writing?考試簡(jiǎn)介 寫作形式：議論文寫作 寫作時(shí)間：40分鐘 字?jǐn)?shù)：約250字 要求： 1. 觀點(diǎn)明確，論證充分，有理有據(jù) 2. 使用較正式文體，避免口語化 3. 書寫規(guī)范、整潔 4. 爭(zhēng)“五”?！八摹保▍⒖磳懽髟u(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）PETS5寫作評(píng)分原則總分總分2525分，按分，按5 5個(gè)檔次給分，每檔個(gè)檔次給分，每檔5 5分。分。閱卷時(shí)根據(jù)總體評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與具體評(píng)分細(xì)則評(píng)分。閱卷時(shí)根據(jù)總體評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與具體評(píng)分

2、細(xì)則評(píng)分。主要依據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容的完整性與文章的組織、語言主要依據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容的完整性與文章的組織、語言的準(zhǔn)確性、語域和格式的恰當(dāng)性、結(jié)構(gòu)域詞匯的的準(zhǔn)確性、語域和格式的恰當(dāng)性、結(jié)構(gòu)域詞匯的廣泛性、內(nèi)容的相關(guān)性評(píng)分。廣泛性、內(nèi)容的相關(guān)性評(píng)分。文章的長(zhǎng)度不得少于文章的長(zhǎng)度不得少于250250詞。詞數(shù)在詞。詞數(shù)在100-150100-150之間之間，得分不超過二檔；，得分不超過二檔；100100詞得分不超過一檔。詞數(shù)詞得分不超過一檔。詞數(shù)超過超過300300詞以上的部分不予評(píng)閱。詞以上的部分不予評(píng)閱。拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)式語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面。評(píng)分拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)式語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)方面。評(píng)分時(shí)，視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予

3、以考慮，英、美拼時(shí)，視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮，英、美拼寫均可。寫均可。6 6書寫較差，以致影響交際的文章，分?jǐn)?shù)將降低一書寫較差，以致影響交際的文章，分?jǐn)?shù)將降低一個(gè)檔次。完全無法辨認(rèn)得個(gè)檔次。完全無法辨認(rèn)得0 0分。分。第五檔（21-25分）很好地完成了規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 開頭得體，結(jié)尾有力； 內(nèi)容完整，層次分明，具有說服力； 使用了豐富的語法結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯，顯示出較強(qiáng)的語言駕馭能力； 條理性強(qiáng)，段落清晰，采用了多種銜接與轉(zhuǎn)折手法； 語言自然流暢，極少語言錯(cuò)誤； 對(duì)目標(biāo)讀者產(chǎn)生了很好的預(yù)期效果。寫作要求 觀點(diǎn)明確，切忌態(tài)度曖昧，人云亦云（p.9） 論證合理，合乎邏輯（p.10） 結(jié)構(gòu)正確，銜接順暢（p

4、.11） 語言自然、流暢（p.11） 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用規(guī)范（p.12）高分作文的特點(diǎn)： 1. contact 1. contact 緊湊的緊湊的 2. concise 2. concise 簡(jiǎn)潔的簡(jiǎn)潔的 3. concrete 3. concrete 具體的具體的 好作文一定是結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、用詞簡(jiǎn)好作文一定是結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、用詞簡(jiǎn)潔、內(nèi)容具體的文章。此外，好作文潔、內(nèi)容具體的文章。此外，好作文通常使用較多的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、動(dòng)詞短語和通常使用較多的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、動(dòng)詞短語和形容詞，并且能夠熟練運(yùn)用復(fù)雜語法形容詞，并且能夠熟練運(yùn)用復(fù)雜語法。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)思 表達(dá)構(gòu)思構(gòu)思不偏題 如何審題 As the development

5、 of modern science and technology, some aspects of traditional culture are being lost, so some people think that the traditional culture and technology will be replaced by the modern science and technology such as computer or internet, what is your opinion? 不一段表達(dá)表達(dá) 書面 字跡 整潔字?jǐn)?shù)（100-150）,（ 100 功底第五檔：開頭

6、得體,結(jié)尾有力 內(nèi)容完整,層次分明,具有說服力 使用了豐富的語法結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯,. 采用了多種銜接與轉(zhuǎn)折手法 .極少語言錯(cuò)誤三點(diǎn)一線三點(diǎn)一線 內(nèi)容點(diǎn)踩分點(diǎn) 語法點(diǎn)扣分點(diǎn) 亮點(diǎn)加分點(diǎn)內(nèi)容點(diǎn)全內(nèi)容點(diǎn)全 主旨觀點(diǎn)主旨觀點(diǎn) 小觀點(diǎn)小觀點(diǎn)1 1、2 2、33語法點(diǎn)對(duì)語法點(diǎn)對(duì)不要在關(guān)鍵的地方犯惡心的錯(cuò)誤 關(guān)鍵地方各段句首頭尾兩句 惡心錯(cuò)誤主謂一致時(shí)態(tài)問題名詞單復(fù)Common mistakes in writing Unnecessary words Sentence structure Supplementary examples 中式英語之鑒中式英語之鑒亮點(diǎn)多亮點(diǎn)多 詞句漂亮詞句漂亮 有效連詞有效連詞 名人

7、名言、諺語名人名言、諺語詞句漂亮詞句漂亮詞高級(jí)詞高級(jí) 名詞中心 importantof importance poorof poverty beautifulof beauty詞句漂亮詞句漂亮詞高級(jí)詞高級(jí) 這個(gè)很重要。 It is of great importance. 你真漂亮。 You are of beauty. 他們都很窮。 They are of poverty. 他們都很餓。 They are of starvation.詞句漂亮詞句漂亮句子難句子難 中無英有There be結(jié)構(gòu) it 做形式主語、賓語 中有英高倒裝 強(qiáng)調(diào) 從句 非謂語 虛擬語氣名人名言、諺語名人名言、諺語 有志

8、者事竟成。 Where there is a will, there is a way. Kant Nietzsche一篇好的作文應(yīng)基本達(dá)到：一篇好的作文應(yīng)基本達(dá)到： 1.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，布局合理，過渡自然。結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，布局合理，過渡自然。 2. 遣詞造句豐富多樣化，語言地道，遣詞造句豐富多樣化，語言地道， 出現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)。出現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)。 3.說理清楚，內(nèi)容充實(shí)，符合要求。說理清楚，內(nèi)容充實(shí)，符合要求。 一篇較差的作文表現(xiàn)為：一篇較差的作文表現(xiàn)為： 1. 文章不通順，無段落，無結(jié)文章不通順，無段落，無結(jié)構(gòu)，無明顯主題；構(gòu)，無明顯主題； 2 出現(xiàn)很多基本語法錯(cuò)誤，出現(xiàn)很多基本語法錯(cuò)誤，拼寫錯(cuò)誤；拼寫錯(cuò)誤；3 詞匯

9、量很小，詞不達(dá)意，詞匯量很小，詞不達(dá)意，缺乏英語表達(dá)能力；缺乏英語表達(dá)能力；4 不像一篇文章，僅是把一不像一篇文章，僅是把一些不連貫的詞語拼些不連貫的詞語拼 湊到一起湊到一起。關(guān)于命題： 1）經(jīng)典話題）經(jīng)典話題 例如：例如：friendship and love , environmental protection, cultural exchange, health, education, economy 2）熱點(diǎn)話題）熱點(diǎn)話題 例如：例如：indulgence of computer network, honesty and mutual trust, international issu

10、es and concerns, teamwork, traffic, housing命題范圍命題范圍 (P3-7) (P3-7) 環(huán)境環(huán)境 科技科技 教育教育 家庭家庭 文化文化 生活生活 社會(huì)社會(huì) 娛樂娛樂 經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì) 國(guó)際問題國(guó)際問題命題形式命題形式 闡釋文闡釋文 評(píng)論文評(píng)論文 分析文分析文 議論文議論文2011年6月考題 A mother wrote to a newspaper inquiring whether her son should go abroad to study as an undergraduate or he should go to a Chinese univ

11、ersity before going abroad to study as a postgraduate. Write a letter to the editor of the same newspaper to give your suggestions to this confused mother, and give reasons to justify your suggestions.10年真題 You have read in a magazine an article on the positive and negative aspects of the present ex

12、amination system Write an article for the readers to clarify your points of view about this issueYou should use your own ideas，knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument 09年真題 You have read an article in a magazine with the following statement in it. Write an article for the same

13、magazine. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience to generate support for your argument and include an example. Economic development will inevitably generate industrial waste which in turn will cause pollution to the living environment. Economic prosperity and a clean environment can

14、not coexist. You have to make a choice between the two. To what extent do you agree with the statement? PET5寫作題型寫作題型特點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)實(shí)性 思辨性 對(duì)策性思辨練習(xí)思辨練習(xí) On the Importance of a Name 有人說名字很重要 也有人覺得名字無關(guān)緊要 我認(rèn)為 There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not. Some hold

15、the positive view. They claim that a good name, or a name that can be easily remembered, can bring one a lot more opportunities than others. Some Chinese may also believe that a name designed according to the traditional theory of five elements can bring good luck. Others, however, hold the opposite

16、 view. They argue that a name is nothing but a code to distinguish one from another. A person “good” name may not be as successful as the name indicates. In the same way, a person who has a common or casually given name can also achieve tremendous success. Personally, I believe that both sides have

17、something right, so we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we have to admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent. On the other hand, we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a persons fate. Anyway, a persons success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable

18、personalities.11年考題回顧 Whether her son should go a b r o a d t o s t u d y a s a n undergraduate or he should go to a Chinese university before going abroad to study as a postgraduate?對(duì)策練習(xí)How to improve students mental health大學(xué)生的心理健康十分重要因此，學(xué)?？梢?我們自己應(yīng)當(dāng). There is no denying the fact that mental health

19、is of great importance to college students. Nowadays, many students in college suffer from mental illness, which severely affects their life and study. Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. Reports are often heard that some students committed suicide or murdered their room

20、mates. Typical examples include the case of Ma Jiajue and that of a girl stabbing her schoolmates. In view of the seriousness of the situation, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. On the one hand, due attention has to be paid by colleges to students mental health. First, lectur

21、es on psychological health should be frequently given to students to prevent problems from happening. Secondly, psychological clinics should be set up to provide troubled students with timely help. As to students, we should keep the channel of communication open among ourselves and between us and ou

22、r teachers and parents. Besides， in case of mental illness, we should not hesitate to go to psychological counselors for help. Only with these measures taken can we expect sound growth of college students.復(fù)習(xí)建議 單詞: 重點(diǎn)掌握寫作中出現(xiàn)頻率高的核心詞匯，結(jié)合句子，在句子中記憶這些單詞，總結(jié)常用搭配。(提高寫作詞匯的最好辦法是用詞，而非背詞） 多讀范文，研習(xí)范文的結(jié)構(gòu)、思維乃至邏輯論述。多

23、背模板框架和經(jīng)典句型并轉(zhuǎn)化為自己的語言，培養(yǎng)語感。 多讀，多思考，多總結(jié)。 掌握銜接與過渡。復(fù)習(xí)建議 多寫，多練。對(duì)看過背過的文章進(jìn)行詞語替換、句式轉(zhuǎn)換、句子重組、翻譯練習(xí)等，以及對(duì)某一主題展開寫作。作文一定要自己動(dòng)手寫。 構(gòu)思提綱、關(guān)鍵詞提綱或粗略提綱。對(duì)原始材料分析歸納后要形成一個(gè)基本的框架。 將內(nèi)容分類，了解相關(guān)知識(shí)，掌握相關(guān)的詞匯及表達(dá)方式。 分析錯(cuò)誤，概括總結(jié)，博采眾長(zhǎng)以補(bǔ)己短。 不要分割各項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。聽、說、讀課程互補(bǔ)。5 steps to be a confident writer Adjust your frame of mind Have a positive attitude

24、and be willing to take academic risks, like ask questions, try new strategies, think for yourself and be creative. Schedule time for writing A project will go undone if you never get started. Take control of your time by knowing when assignments are due and by scheduling time to complete them. By ma

25、naging your time effectively, you will always have time for writing!5 steps to be a confident writer Motivate yourself Do not depend on the instructor to make writing enjoyable. Find your own sources of enjoyment. Develop your powers of observation Become more aware of your surroundings. Pay attenti

26、on to current events. A good writer has highly develop senses. Develop yours!5 steps to be a confident writer Read Reading is a springboard for writing. Reading is a source of knowledge and wisdom. Writers get many of their ideas from reading. Get the rhythms and syntax of English by reading. Readin

27、g and writing are intimately connected.Who can be a good writer? 養(yǎng)成寫作習(xí)慣的人，往往沒話找話說，養(yǎng)成寫作習(xí)慣的人，往往沒話找話說，而沒有寫作習(xí)慣的人，有話沒處說。而沒有寫作習(xí)慣的人，有話沒處說。 張愛玲張愛玲Basic Skills of Writing Narrating and Describing Explaining a Process Choosing Classification or Division Comparing and Contrasting Explaining Causes and Effects

28、Using Definition Arguing PersuasivelyNarrating and Describing When you tell the story of how you got your drivers license or how you survived a car accident, you are narrating. When you begin a sentence with “It smells like,” or “It tastes like,” or “It feels like,” you are describing. You use both

29、narration and description in everyday conversation to talk about people, places and events.Explaining a Process Learning to drive a car, registering for classes, or following a recipe. You may be able to explain the steps involved in processes such as changing the oil in your car, or ordering someth

30、ing from an online store. You may have had to learn a process on the job, such as how to use a cash register, stock inventory in a store, or enter data into or retrieve information from databases.Choosing Classification or Division You can easily identify the three parts of an essay. You know how to

31、 find an item in a store by looking in the section where it belongs. You are familiar with each part of your campus, and you know the types of students who attend your college.Comparing and Contrasting When you shop at a supermarket, you compare prices and contrast ingredients on the labels of diffe

32、rent items. To explain why you prefer one restaurant over another, you discuss their similarities and differences. When choosing a college, you may have considered the advantages and disadvantages of commuting from home versus living on campus.Explaining Causes and Effects When you express an opinio

33、n and explain the reasons why you think that way, you are explaining causes. If you do not study for an exam, and you earn a poor grade, you know what effect this grade will have on your average in the course.Using Definition You know that someone who asks, “What do you mean?” may be seeking a defin

34、ition. You know that the words you choose can arouse either positive or negative feelings in others. You probably have had experience of being misunderstood because you did not choose your words carefully.Arguing Persuasively You are aware of topics or issues such as global warming, and the high cost of health care. Like most people, you probably believe that everyone has a right to an opinion, but you may also recognize that some opinions are better informed than