論愛麗絲夢游仙境的童話性與現(xiàn)實性

1、 Abstract Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a children's literary works published in 1865, which is written by a famous British writer Lewis Carroll. It tells a story of a girl named Alice who chases after a rabbit wearing a suit of vest as well as with a pocket watch in hand into a fantas

2、y world through a rabbit hole, then encounters a series of indescribable things. Since its publication, the book has gained a vast of readers and has maintained its influence in the history of literature ever since. The romanticism of Alice's adventures makes the children feel happy, at the same

3、 time, the internal reality it reveals and its deep connotations also make the adult fondle admiringly. This paper studies the romanticism and authenticity of the story mainly from the following three aspects: first, we discuss the origin of the fantasy from the background of the story in which it h

4、appens. Second, we reserach the romanticism and authenticity of the story through exploring Alice's adventures in wonderland designed by Carroll. At last, we probe into the authenticity of the story through Alice's back to reality. Key words: Alice, wonderland, romanticism, authenticity Tabl

5、e of ContentsAbstract1Introduction21. The Victorian Period 31.1 View on children 41.2 Fantasy42. An introduction of the author and the book.53. The romanticism and authenticity of Alice's adventures in wonderland 53.1Rmanticism 53.1.1 The water making people smaller63.1.2 The cake making people

6、bigger63.1.3 The invisible cat73.1.4 The caterpillar spitting tobacco 73.2 Authenticity83.2.1The absurdity and chaos of the adult world 83.2.2 Feminine discourse 93.2.3 A shift from feminine dicourse to selfhood 103.Conclusion 11References 12Acknowledgements 13 Introduction Since its publication in

7、1865, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has caused a great sensation in the literary world. So far, the book has more than fifty kinds of translations and over 100 kinds of adapted works in the world. Many scholars has studied the reason why this book can keep its everlasting influence till today

8、. Some think that this can explained by its successful portray of the beautiful and elegant heroine. Some suggest that it is because of the unique and unusual of the wonderland it describes. Some even consider that it is Carroll's notasgia on the passing childhood and his irony of the adulthood

9、that resonate with the readers. In my part, the charm of the book lies in that Carroll makes the impossible things in real life possible with the help of fairy tales, which not only enriches people's imagination, but also adds a ray of joy and color for people's unvarying life. Besides, his

10、portray of the heroine image is almost close to perfect, which to a certain degree enlightens the thought of people. Furthermore, the readers can better grasp the content and thought of the works through the way of the combination of the fairy tales and reality. This paper explores the romanticism a

11、nd authenticity of the works through comparing the children's innocence and curiosity to the adult's false and absurd, which can also be a innovation of this paper. Chapter1 The Victorian Period1.1 Views on children"Views on children, is a series of ideas concerning children based on th

12、e adult's understanding, specially related to children's characteristics, right, position and the significance of childhood as well as the relationship between education and child development and so on.7Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was published in the Victorian period, at that time,

13、 the children's perception and childhood undergone drastic changes. Before that, the views on child is that children should be informed of their corresponding social responsibility instead of just enjoying the simple happy times, which was completely different from the world now. This new standp

14、oint was influenced by the poet of romanticism, especially Wordsworth who believes that the world of child is a nature uncorrupted. The children's literary in Victorian period also dertermined the model of fairy tales. The British children's fantasy was rooted in the early period of the indu

15、strial revolution as well as the period of romanticism when children and imagination were highly praised. "Life is a series of stages. The growth from children to the juvenile to adult is a series of physical, emotional, social, cognitive and psychiatric natural changes. "2Childhood is oft

16、en defined as a contrast period of adulthood. A cognitive immature people is considered as a child, and an adult is often mature both physiologically and sexually. Views on children is adult's general view on children. Its formation and development are influenced by the economic, social, cultura

17、l as well as on their own understanding of themselves. "Compared to other periods in the British history, in the Vitorian times the British view on children is quite complex, however, this kind of diversity and complexity are not appeared out of nowhere, but out of the profound historical, soci

18、al and cultural reasons. "6In a word, during the Vitorian times , on the one hand children's image was innocence and purity in the adult heart, while on the other hand it is also inevitably under the shadow of the original sin.1.2 FantasyFantasy is a word derived from Latin, Phantasticus, w

19、hich means the violation of the objective law, the impossible and absurd idea or hope. Whether within literature or outside literature, fantasy is an attractive topic. It is associated with people's imagination and desire. It is a field difficult to define clear by language. As a literary genre,

20、 the irrational phenomenon plays a very important role in it. That is to say, according to the rational standard, the things occured in the fantasy world is not exist and not likely to happen."Many novels have fantasy elements, but they are either well known in the real world, or contrained by

21、narrow and ordinary views. "10The fantasy from the perspective of children can not only make some singular elements show themselves naturally, but also can give the author the freedom to express his ideas transcendent to the suppression of his own world. The Vitorian times is a golden era of ch

22、ildren's literature. With prosperity of the fantasy literature, fantasy as a literary genre in the Vitoria period obtains a remarkable development, especially under the influence of Carol and others writers, fantasy literature reaches its peak period.Chapter2 An introduction of the author and th

23、e book2.1A introduction of the author and the story The English cleric Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832-1898), who wrote under the name Lewis Carroll, was the author of "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass". He was also a noted mathematician and photographer.Born on Jan. 27, 18

24、32, Lewis Carroll passed a happy childhood in the rectories of his father, the Reverend Charles Dodgson. For his nine sisters and two brothers he frequently made up games and wrote stories and poems, some of which foreshadow the delights of Alice. Although his school years at Rugby (1846-1849) were

25、unhappy, he was recognized as a good scholar, and in 1850 he was admitted to Christ Church, Oxford. He graduated in 1854, and in 1855 he became mathematical lecturer at the college. This permanent appointment, which not only recognized his academic superiority but also made him financially secure, c

26、arried the stipulations that Carroll take orders in the Anglican Church and remain unmarried. He complied with these requirements and was ordained a deacon in 1861. "In 1856 Carroll met Alice Liddell, the 4-year-old daughter of the dean of Christ Church."3 During the next few years Carroll

27、 frequently made up stories for Alice and her sisters. On July 4, 1862, while picnicking with the Liddell girls, Carroll recounted the adventures of a little girl who fell into a rabbit hole. Alice asked that he write the tale for her. He did so, calling it Alice's Adventures under Ground. After

28、 revisions, this work was published in 1865 as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland with illustrations by John Tenniel. Encouraged by its success, Carroll wrote a sequel, Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There (1872). "Based on the chess games Carroll played with the Liddell child

29、ren, it included material he had written before he knew them. The first stanza of "Jabberwocky," for example, was written in 1855. More of Carroll's famous Wonderland characters, such as Humpty Dumpty, the White Knight, and Tweedledum and Tweedledee, appear in this work than in Alice i

30、n Wonderland. "5 Unlike most of the children's books of the day, Alice and its sequel do not contain obvious moralizing. Nor are they what critics have tried to make them - allegories of religion or politics. They are delightful adventure stories in which a normal, healthy, clearheaded litt

31、le girl reacts to the "reality" of the adult world. Their appeal to adults as well as to children lies in Alice's intelligent response to absurdities of language and action. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a work of children's literature by the English mathematician and aut

32、hor, the Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, written under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. It tells the story of a girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit-hole into a fantasy realm populated by grotesque figures like talking playing cards and anthropomorphic creatures.The tale is fraught with satirical

33、 allusions to Dodgson's friends (and enemies), and to the lessons that British schoolchildren were expected to memorize. The Wonderland described in the tale plays with logic in ways that have made the story of lasting popularity with adults as well as children. It is considered to be one of the

34、 most characteristic examples of the genre of literary nonsense.The book is often referred to by the abbreviated title Alice in Wonderland. This alternate title was popularized by the numerous film and television adaptations of the story produced over the years. Some printings of this title contain

35、both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There. "A girl named Alice is bored while on a picnic with her older sister. She finds interest in a passing white rabbit, dressed in a waistcoat and muttering "I'm late!", who

36、m she follows down a rabbit-hole, floating down into a dream underworld of paradox, the absurd and the improbable."1 As she attempts to follow the rabbit, she has several misadventures. She grows to gigantic size and shrinks to a fraction of her original height; meets a group of small animals s

37、tranded in a sea of her own previously shed tears; gets trapped in the rabbit's house when she enlarges herself again; meets a baby which changes into a pig, and a cat which disappears leaving only his smile behind; goes to a never-ending tea party; plays a bizarre variation on croquet with an a

38、nthropomorphised deck of cards; goes to the shore and meets a Gryphon and a Mock Turtle; and finally attends the courtroom trial of the Knave of Hearts, who has been accused of stealing some tarts. Eventually Alice wakes up underneath a tree back with her sister.Chapter 3 The romanticism and authent

39、icity of Alice's adventures in wonderland2.2 Romanticism First, she dreamed of little Alice herself, and once again the tiny hands were clasped upon her knee, and the bright eager eyes were looking up into hers-she could hear the very tones of her voice, and see that queer little toss of her hea

40、d to keep back the wandering hair that would always get into her eyes-and still as she listened, or seemed to listen, the whole place around her became alive the strange creatures of her little sister's dream.The long grass rustled at her feet as the White Rabbit hurried by-the frightened Mouse

41、splashed his way through the neighbouring pool-she could hear the rattle of the teacups as the March Hare and his friends shared their never-ending meal, and the shrill voice of the Queen ordering off her unfortunate guests to execution-once more the pig-baby was sneezing on the Duchess's knee,

42、while plates and dishes crashed around it-once more the shriek of the Gryphon, the squeaking of the Lizard's slate-pencil, and the choking of the suppressed guinea-pigs, filled the air, mixed up with the distant sobs of the miserable Mock Turtle. In Alice's journey, the feeling of fairy tale

43、 is always incoperated. After she along with the rabbit down the rabbit hole, she experienced a series of bizarre and baffling things, such as, the water which can make people smaller; the cake which can make people bigger, and invisible cat, the spitting tobacco caterpillar. All these things can no

44、t occur in reality, which reflects its fantasy and romanticism.2.1.1The water making people smaller With the rabbit fell down the rabbit hole, Alice first came to a strange room where the things were very small, and all of them were upside down. She tried desperately to open every door, but it turne

45、d out to be in vain. Then she pinched the door handle leading to the outside of the room .to her surprise it could speak, it told Alice the bottle on the table could help her out, so Alice went to pick up the bottle, above it writes" drink me", Alice did not hesitate to drink it,then she q

46、uickly became smaller and smaller, to the size she could pass through the door and went out.From the fragments we can see the romanticism of the story, Carol from the perspective of the child imagines this fantasy world. In the real world,the door is too small to enter and can not be existed in the

47、reality."The author's good use of fantasy literature,by using the magics in fairy tales, help Alice open the dream journey's door."11 It is just the drink of the water making people smaller that leads the story into a fairy tale, which gives people the infinite imagination.2.1.2 Th

48、e cake making people biggerAlice drank the bottle of water, she became very small. she thought that now she could easily go back, but suddenly she found herself forget to take the key on the desk. However, now she became too small to reach the key on the desk. When she didn't know what to do, sh

49、e saw the cake box at the foot, at the top writes" eat me". She again without hesitation ate the cake, then she started getting bigger and bigger,then she got the key on the desk, and again she drank the water on the table, and then opened the door and went out.The magic cake that can make

50、 people bigger also reflects the romanticism of the story, because, in reality the cake is unable to achieve this strange effect except to make people feel full. Through Carol's fantasy, after the making people smaller water he then design a cake making people bigger, which allow Alice in her dr

51、eams to fearlessly experience her adventures.2.1.3 The invisible catIn Alice's dream journey, everything is wonderfuland strange. The Cheshire cat sometimes appears, sometimes disappears. it always appeared in Alice's need of help, and then quietly disappeared. And it's a cat able to lis

52、ten to the voice of the people's heart,who always appears with a calm and seductive smile to cover up her timid personality. This cat first appeared when Alice was attacked by dangerous beast in the woods, he cured Alice by licking the wound on the Alice's arm. Alice took him to the "ma

53、d hatter" tea party, but he is so timid that he abandoned his friends in the world controlled by " the Red Queen". Though he was attacked by the" Mad Hatter", later Cheshire cat depended on his own ability and speared no effort to get up the courage and finally he won the re

54、spect of his friends.2.1.4 The caterpillar spitting tobaccoThe caterpillar is always smoking a large pipe in the wonderland,he seldom speaks but once he speaks, his words tends to be a aphorism.In the story, the caterpillar Absolon can be said the most wisdom role. When Alice first steped into the w

55、onderland, she did not recall her childhood experience, she was so confused about everything and she was also nor sure that she had come here when she was a child. She just thought it was one of her dreams. Not willing to accept the reality, she went to see Absalom led by the crowd. "The moment

56、 he saw Alice he presented the qustion" who are you?"to Alice, which she must face."4 This made Alice feel very confused, until the appearance of the Oracle, in which Alice saw that she armed with sword killed the dragon persecuting the human.Terrified by what she saw, Alice said that

57、 couldn't be her. The rabbit turned to the caterpillar to help them confirm whether this girl is the Alice they were looking for. That caterpillar in a tone of the wise replied:" That's not necessarily her."In fairy tale, there are always some positive role to guide the hero to fin

58、d his own direction and goals. In Alice''s adventures in Wonderland, the caterpillar Absolon is such a wise character. In the end, when Alice is faced with the final decision, he appeares again, and by a will-be way, he lets Alice answer the question:"who are you?" and confirm she

59、is just the Alice 13 years ago. Finally, under the help of the Caterpillar, Alice picks up her courage to fight against the dragon.2.2 AuthenticityThis story reveals not only its accordance with the fairy tales but also some realistic problems. In the story, puzzled and confused about her real life, Alice comes to th