高中英語名詞課件

1、英語語法復(fù)習(xí)英語語法復(fù)習(xí)名名 詞詞名詞表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)的名稱或者抽象概念的詞。名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩類。名詞的定義和分類名詞的定義和分類 名詞的種類名詞的種類專有名詞：普通名詞：可數(shù)：不可數(shù)：個體名詞 nurse, house, horse, apple, pen集體名詞 people, family, class, trousers物質(zhì)名詞： water, paper, air, milk抽象名詞： work, housework, homework, information, news, weather專有名詞是具體的人和事物等特有名稱。專有名詞的第一專有名詞是具體的人和事物等

2、特有名稱。專有名詞的第一個字母要大寫，人名、地名、公共節(jié)日及月份、周日的名個字母要大寫，人名、地名、公共節(jié)日及月份、周日的名稱等等都是屬于專有名詞。如：稱等等都是屬于專有名詞。如：Yao Ming, China, March, New Years Day等。等。物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計算，為不可數(shù)名詞。算，為不可數(shù)名詞。 不可數(shù)名詞前不能不可數(shù)名詞前不能加冠詞加冠詞a 或或an來表示量，來表示量， 也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。式。名詞的單數(shù)形式 一般可用a來修飾 a car a book a university在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用 an an

3、elephant an apple an eraser an hour an honest boy an interesting book.請注意：a useful thing an unusual thing名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法 (1) 一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“s” dog dogs (2) 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“es” boxes watches buses brushes(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加“es” country countries factory factories 如果是元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的名詞則只須加“s” boy bo

4、ys monkey monkeys (4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞加“s” radio radios zoo zoos 只有 potato, tomato和hero 加“es”構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù) potato potatoes tomato tomatoes (5)以f、fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變f、fe 為v再加“es” half halves shelf shelves knife knives leaf leaves (6)可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化。如：manmen womanwomen toothteeth footfeet childchildren FrenchmanFrenchmen(1) 小馬虎彈著鋼琴小馬

5、虎彈著鋼琴 (piano) 聽著收音機(jī)聽著收音機(jī)(radio), 又到動物園又到動物園 (zoo) 照了張相照了張相(photo), 但考試得了個大雞蛋但考試得了個大雞蛋 (零分零分zero), 一律加一律加 s。(2) 黑人黑人 (Negro) 英雄英雄 (hero) 愛吃土豆愛吃土豆(potato) 西紅柿西紅柿 (tomato), 全部加全部加 es。(7)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞：如：sheepsheep fishfish; ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese (8)有些名詞無單數(shù)形式。如：people(作“人們”解時) police clothes.(9)pa

6、nts, shorts, glasses (眼鏡)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(10)由man, woman 構(gòu)成的合成名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時將名詞及man, woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：man drivermen drivers woman teacherwomen teachers但其他合成名詞，只要把合成名詞中的中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：a banana treebanana trees a shoe factoryshoe factories練習(xí)練習(xí)一寫出下列名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式一寫出下列名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式 bus _ sheep _ woman _ dress _ story _ watch_ pencil

7、-box_ apple tree_ English stamp_ geese_ babies_ teeth_ students_ stars_families_ farmers_ peaches_policeman_ fish_ knife_ b o x _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ s h e l f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ man_ child_ leaf _ foot _ 二 用下列名詞的正確形式填空。 1. Is this _(apple) ? No, it isnt. 2. What are these? They are _( orange). 3.

8、Pass me _(pencil ). 4. Give me some _(egg)., please. 5. Are those your _( shoe)? Yes, they are. 6. Those shoes are _( Tom). 7. Is the big _ （orange）Lindas? 8. There are two _(knife) in the pencil-box. 9. This _(T-shirt) is big. 10. How many _(fish) are there in the river? 11. They have some new _（ha

9、t）.12. A pigs _ (ear) are big. 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞 如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。另外還有：work time musicmoney weather homeworkwood Informationnewsmedicine 1.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時?？闯蓡螖?shù)單數(shù) 盤子里有一些面包。 There is some bread on the plate. 沒有消息就是好消息。 No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lo

10、t of, some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞 他每天花很多時間玩電腦游戲。 He spends much time in playing computer games every day. 邁克在家?guī)缀醪蛔黾覄?wù)。 Mike does little housework at home. 3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of 前面的名詞上，而 of 后始終是單數(shù)There is a piece of paper in the book.We want three glasses of orang

11、e.注意：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示， of后用復(fù)數(shù)There are two bags of eggs in the basket.桌子上有一張紙。桌子上有一張紙。我們想要三杯橙汁。我們想要三杯橙汁?；@子里有兩袋雞蛋?；@子里有兩袋雞蛋。玻璃玻璃玻璃杯玻璃杯紙報紙工作著作空間房間 (2) fruit(水果) fruits (各種水果) fish(魚) fishes(各種魚) time(時間) times(時代)名詞的一般用法-名詞做定語名詞做定語1.修飾另一名詞時,一般用單數(shù) I planted two apple trees yesterday.2.man woman用做定語時,應(yīng)與后面的名詞保

12、持?jǐn)?shù)的一致 This primary school needs a man teacher. There are over eighty women teachers in our school.昨天我種了兩棵蘋果樹。昨天我種了兩棵蘋果樹。這間小學(xué)需要一位男老師。這間小學(xué)需要一位男老師。在我們學(xué)校有八十多位女教師。在我們學(xué)校有八十多位女教師。3.sports,clothes做定語時,仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式In our school, there will be a sports meeting next month. I buy a T-shirt at that clothes shop4. 當(dāng)數(shù)詞與

13、單位名詞一起做定語時， 單位名詞往往用單數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞與單位名詞用“-”連接Mr. Wang has an eleven-year-old son.我們學(xué)校下個月有一個運(yùn)動會。我們學(xué)校下個月有一個運(yùn)動會。我在那間服裝店買了一件我在那間服裝店買了一件T恤衫。恤衫。王先生有一人王先生有一人11歲大的兒子。歲大的兒子。名詞做主語時,應(yīng)注意名詞的數(shù)，避免主謂不一致。這附近她的家是一個大家庭。Her family is a large one in our neighborhood.安的家人都是老師。Anns family are all teachers.桌上有一副眼鏡There is a pair o

14、f glasses on the desk. bird- lady orange- ruler- cat- boy- girl case- wife- watch tree- key- question friend photo- card- family- dictionarybirdsladiesorangesrulerscatsboysgirlscaseswiveswatchestreeskeysquestionsfriendsfamiliesdictionariesphotoscards(1)How many _ do you want? A kilo, please. A. bana

15、nas B. meat C. bread D. milk(2)Taking a walk in the evening is a good _. So it is, it keep us healthy. A. rule B. hobby C. habit D. favorACChoose the best answers.(3)These people are from _. They are _. A. Germany; Germen B. German; Germany C. Germany; Germanies D. Germany; Germans(4)Would you pass

16、me _? I want to write a letter. A. a paper B. a piece of paper C. two paper D. two piece of paperDB(5) _ mothers both work in this hospital. A. Jim and BillsB. Jims and Bills C. Jim and Bill D. Jims and Bill(6) In China, September 10th is _. A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day(7) Excuse me, where is the_？ A. mens restroom B. mens restroom C. mens restrooms D. men restr