高一英語人教版 必修三 Unit 2 Healthy eating語法與寫作教案

1、必修三 Unit 2 Healthy eating適用學(xué)科高中英語適用年級高中一年級適用區(qū)域人教新課標(biāo)版課時時長（分鐘）2課時知識點情態(tài)動詞表推測教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識：掌握情態(tài)動詞表推測；正反觀點的寫作。方法：要牢記情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法，并能靈活運用。能力：能根據(jù)語境判斷考點情態(tài)動詞+have done。教學(xué)重點掌握情態(tài)動詞表推測；正反觀點的寫作。教學(xué)難點能根據(jù)語境判斷考點情態(tài)動詞+have done。教學(xué)過程1、 復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)依據(jù)語境記詞匯單詞拼寫1Dont glare (怒視) at me like that; you deserved the scolding.2The patient is rec

2、overing slowly; therefore, you had better choose some foods which digest (消化) more easily.3This shop tries its best to meet the needs of its customers (顧客)4This kind of fish doesnt need to be cooked.It can be eaten raw (生的)5If you place orders now, we would give you a 5% discount (折扣)語境填詞(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填

3、空)1Children are always curious about everything they see and hear.They will ask all kinds of questions curiously.To meet their curiosity,_wed better answer them.(curiosity)2This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the people living in this area.For the benefit of more peo

4、ple, we should build more railways.(benefit)3The man looks strong,_but he hasnt enough strength to lift the heavy box.He needs to strengthen his body.(strength)二、課堂導(dǎo)入復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課情態(tài)動詞概念概念：在動詞(一般動詞)之前形成動詞的否定,疑問,時態(tài),語態(tài),語氣或表示特殊意義的動詞叫做助動詞,其中具有感情色彩一些助動詞叫做情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，但要與動詞原形及其被動語態(tài)一起使用，給謂語動詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說話人對有關(guān)

5、行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。情態(tài)動詞后面加動詞原形。概念引入情態(tài)動詞表猜測用法：He must be the new teacher.They must have come from Shanghai.They may/might have had a cold. 三、知識講解知識點1 情態(tài)動詞表示對現(xiàn)在的推測1. 【考查點】can 用于肯定句中有時可以用來表示推測，意為“有時會”；用于疑問句中可以表示推測，意為“可能”，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，cant 意為“不可能”，語氣很強烈。Mr Bush is on time for everythi

6、ng.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.2. 【考查點】may，might用于肯定句中可以用來表示推測，意為“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，may not 意為“可能不”，表示一種不太確定的語氣。The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Liz

7、a may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.3. 【考查點】must 表示推測時只能用于肯定句中，意為“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can)。Hi，Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She must be in the classroom.I saw her there just now.4. 【考查點】should 用來表示推測時意為“應(yīng)該”，即含有“按道理來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如此”的意思。The public transport in Beijing is very convenient

8、，so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city.知識點2表示對過去的情況進行推測1. 【考查點】can/could have done表示“本來可以做，而實際上未做”或者“過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中cant have done 多用于語氣強烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”。She cant have left school，for her bike is still here.The accident could have been avoided.2.【考查點】may/m

9、ight have done 表示對過去行為的推測，意為“可能做過”。might 所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉。此外might have done 可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”。I cant find my purse anywhere.You may have lost it while shopping.3.【考查點】must have done 表示對過去行為的推測，意為“一定，想必”，語氣十分肯定。It must have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.4.【考查點】shoul

10、d/ought to have done 用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事，而實際上未做；用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事反而做了。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.You oughtnt to have been late for yesterday class meeting，as it was so important.5.【考查點】neednt have done 表示本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了。I actually neednt have boug

11、ht so much wineonly three people came.知識點3 dare和need的用法1. need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句或疑問句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如： You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. 注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事”。如： You needn't have waited for me. 2. dare作

12、情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say I'm unfair. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. dare和need常用作實義動詞，有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實義動詞時，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定和疑問句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如： I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Don

13、9;t you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dare (to) say that. He needs to finish it this evening.知識點4 ought to的用法1. ought to表示應(yīng)該。如： You ought to take care of him. 2. 表示推測。注意與must表示推測時的區(qū)別：He must be at home by now. （斷定他已到家）He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）This is where the oil must be. （比較直率）This i

14、s where the oil ought to be. （比較含蓄）3. “ought to + have + 過去分詞”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實際未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didn't). 這時，ought to和should可以互相換用。注意：在美國英語中，ought to用于否定句和疑問句時，to可以省略。如： Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn't smoke so much.知識點5議論文正反觀點對比【基礎(chǔ)寫作】請根據(jù)以下的寫作內(nèi)容，使用個規(guī)范的英語句子描述全部所給的信息內(nèi)容

15、寫作內(nèi)容作為一個中學(xué)生, 你肯定經(jīng)歷過多次考試, 體驗過成功, 也遭遇過失敗. 請你根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容,簡要概述中學(xué)生普遍存在的對考試失敗的兩種態(tài)度, 并結(jié)合自身實際, 說明你的觀點.態(tài)度一: 當(dāng)考試結(jié)果不盡人意時, 情緒低落, 喪失信心, 不再繼續(xù)努力.態(tài)度二: 當(dāng)考試失敗時, 分析找出失敗的原因, 鼓勵自己, 增強自信, 避免再犯同樣的錯。你的觀點: 失敗乃成功之母, 【審題】體裁:議論文時態(tài):現(xiàn)在時人稱: 第一人稱要點: (1) 我們中學(xué)生經(jīng)歷過多次考試, 體驗過成功, 也遭遇過失敗. (2) 態(tài)度一: 當(dāng)考試結(jié)果不盡人意時, 情緒低落, 喪失信心, 不再繼續(xù)努力.(3)態(tài)度二: 當(dāng)考試失敗時

16、, 分析找出失敗的原因, 鼓勵自己, 增強自信, 避免再犯同樣的錯。(4)我的觀點: 失敗乃成功之母, 文章結(jié)構(gòu)句型短語(1) 我們中學(xué)生經(jīng)歷過多次考試, 體驗過成功, 也遭遇過失敗. 對考試失敗大致有兩種態(tài)度.have/take many tests or exams do well in the exams achieve success suffer from failure, fail (in) the exams(2) 態(tài)度一: 當(dāng)考試結(jié)果不盡人意時, 情緒低落, 喪失信心, 不再繼續(xù)努力.be in low spirits have passive attitudeslose he

17、art/confidenceno longer study hard ; no longertry ones best (3)態(tài)度二: 當(dāng)考試失敗時, 分析找出失敗的原因, 鼓勵自己, 增強自信, 避免再犯同樣的錯。find out/ analyze the causes, encourage oneselfhave/take active attitudesbuild up self-confidence, avoid making the same mistake(4)你的觀點: 失敗乃成功之母, in my view / opinion, As for me, As far as I a

18、m concerned,I agree with Failure is the mother of success. 表示不同觀點的套語：Different people hold different opinions. People have taken different attitudes towards People have different opinions on this problem.不同觀點之間的銜接：On the contrary others hold a different view. However, each coin has two sides. On the

19、 other hand, people object that .比較、對比：However, on the other hand,on the contrary,unlike be different from , 【技巧點撥】1. 基礎(chǔ)寫作是根據(jù)所給的內(nèi)容組織成文，不是自由發(fā)揮。部分考生喜歡在文章中使用“Every coin has two sides”過渡，但是這個句子并不包含任何信息點，不適合在基礎(chǔ)寫作中使用。2 .注意使用表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比的詞，如but, however, while, in contrast, compared with等。3. 如果文章要言之有物最后要求考生發(fā)表自己

20、觀點，考生不能簡單地說I agree with或者I disagree with，而是，有理有據(jù)。四、例題精析【例題1】Can you keep the secret?You _ worry Im not going to mention it to anyone.Aneednt BcouldntCmustnt Dwont【答案】選A【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：“你能保守這個秘密嗎？”“你不必擔(dān)心，我不會向任何人提及它的?！备鶕?jù)句意可知應(yīng)選neednt表示“不必”?！纠}2】Looking people in the eye _ sometimes make them nervous and

21、embarrassed.Amust BcanCshould Dshall解析：【答案】選B【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：注視著別人的眼睛有時能夠讓他們感到緊張和尷尬。此句中情態(tài)動詞can表示理論上的可能性。【例題3】Look！There are so many mistakes in your composition.You _ have fixed full attention on it.Acan BshouldCneed Dmight【答案】選B【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：看！你的作文里有那么多的錯誤。你本應(yīng)該把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示“本應(yīng)該做但實際上沒有做”應(yīng)該用should

22、 have done結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B?！纠}4】Martin hasnt got in touch with me for ages.He _ my new cellphone number.Aneednt get Bmustnt getCcant get Dshouldnt have got【答案】選C【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：馬丁已經(jīng)很長時間不和我聯(lián)系了。他不可能有我的新手機號碼。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選C項?！纠}5】你班同學(xué)開展了一場“司機醉駕是否應(yīng)該處罰乘客”的討論。寫作內(nèi)容：請你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，給報社寫一封信，介紹討論的情況，并發(fā)表你的看法。少數(shù)同學(xué)贊成處罰乘客大多數(shù)同學(xué)反對處罰乘客1.

23、減少交通事故，促進交通安全2.不乘坐醉酒司機的車，不僅是對自己負責(zé)，也是對司機和路人負責(zé)1.乘客難以判斷司機是否醉酒2.即使乘客知道司機飲酒，如果司機不聽從乘客的勸誡，處罰乘客是不公平的你的看法：Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. _Yours sincerelyLi Hua【答案】Dear Editor,Im writi

24、ng to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. The minority of the students hold the opinion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety. Not to ride in a car drive

25、n by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road.The majority of the students, however, disapprove of the idea, stating that it is difficult for common passengers to know whether the driver has been drinking or n

26、ot. Whats more, even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice.As far as I am concerned, punishing passengers as well as the drivers is not only unfair but

27、 is also hard to carry out.                             Yours sincerely,              

28、0;              Li Hua【解析】1.確定文體結(jié)構(gòu)：正反觀點之間的論證應(yīng)該是屬于并列關(guān)系，而雙方觀點的論點和分論點則為總分關(guān)系。而最后，考題要求考生寫出自己的觀點，這個屬于對全文的總結(jié)。因此，文章的信息點劃分非常明確，正反觀點各占兩個句子，考生的觀點應(yīng)該為最后一個句子。考生可以采用兩種方法使自己的觀點明確。第一種：第一句的信息點可以包含“少數(shù)同學(xué)贊成處罰乘客”（總起）和第一個原因，而第二句則講述第二個原因（遞進）；第二種：第一句為總起，第二句則包含

29、了兩個贊成的理由。陳述“大多數(shù)同學(xué)反對處罰乘客”這方面也是同理。五、課堂練習(xí)（一）選擇適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞1. According to the school rule, you _ walk through the school gate without permission. (mustnt/ neednt)2. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come. Why dont you? (should/ought to have)3. Mother is out. I will _ stay at home to look aft

30、er my younger sister. (have to /must)4. He is from an English speaking country, so he _ speak English well. ( can /may)5. Finally they _ escape from the burning building. (were able to / could)6. The skyscraper was built on what _ be a wasteland. (would/ used to)7. I cant believe that! How _ he be s

31、o rude like this! (would/should)（二）完成下面A、B兩項練習(xí)A. ought to1. He ought to help his brother work out the problem. (改成否定句)  _2Tom ought to go to have a rest. （改成一般疑問句）_3Such things ought to be done at once, _？（反意問句）B. 用must, have to, can, ought to, used to和be able to 的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. In some parts of the

32、 world, you _boil the water before drinking it.2. The bus caught fire seriously, but the passengers ¬¬¬¬_escape from it.3. He _have stayed at home this morning. I saw him shopping in another city.4. You _ smoke in this part of the hospital.5. You _keep a simple first aid box at h

33、ome for any accidents.6. If she is completely well, she _be back at school today.7. My father _be a heavy smoker, but now he has given up the habit.8. -You _have finished the article. The deadline is last Friday.  -Sorry. I have been busy these days. Could you give me 3 days more?9. She _ breat

34、he, so I used the mouth-to-mouth way.10. He _have caught a bad cold last night, for his forehead felt burning.（三）短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加: 在缺詞處加一個漏字符號() ，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除: 把多余的詞用斜線(/) 劃掉。修改: 在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意: 1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2. 只允許修

35、改10處，多者(從第11處起) 不計分。One day I pushed my cousin Li Dong in wheelchair on an especial narrow sidewalk. We struggled along with one wheel on the sidewalk or the other on the road. Suddenly, a man riding his motorcycle past us rapidly, missing Li Dong by several inch. Immediately, he turned round, stopp

36、ed his motorcycle and came over. We were worried she would blame us for have stood in his way. To our surprise, he said nothing at all and helped out push the wheelchair until we reached a slightly wider sidewalk. Then he left after we could say thanks to him. We were leaving ashamed of what we thou

37、ght.【答案解析】選擇適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞1.mustnt 2.ought to have 3.have to 4.can 5.were able to 6.used to 7.should完成下面A、B兩項練習(xí)A. 1. He ought not (oughtnt)to help his brother work out the problem.    2. Ought Tom to go to have a rest?   3. ought they?B. 1. must/have to     2. w

38、ere able to    3. cant/couldnt   4. mustnt   5. ought to        6. ought to       7. used to         8. ought to 9. wasnt able to   10. must短文改錯1.在whe

39、elchair之前加a2.especial especially3.or and4.past passed5.inch inches6.she he7.have having8.去掉helped后的out9.after before10.leaving left課程小結(jié)本次課講授的情態(tài)動詞表推測以及正方觀點的議論文寫法。情態(tài)動詞對現(xiàn)在和未來的推測對過去的推測使用場合mustmust + 動詞原形must have done肯定句may / mightmay / might + 動詞原形May / might have done肯定句、否定句can /couldcan / could doCan

40、 / could have done否定句、疑問名（could可用于肯定句）should用來表示一種估計的情況“按理會/估計會”should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑問句這部分考查往往是與語境想結(jié)合，因此，同學(xué)在做題時要結(jié)合語境來分析題目，靈活地運用語法知識。課后作業(yè)（一）單項選擇1. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 2. Gues

41、s what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. mustB. should C. must haveD. should have3. The teacher _have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. A. should B. can C. would D. must4. In crowded places l

42、ike airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage.A. can B. may C. must D. will5. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it? A. canB .mustC .shouldD .would6. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat the

43、m. A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt 7. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. couldC. must D. might8. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. Youit in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C .might put

44、 D. might have put9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area.A .need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairingD. need to repair10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.A. couldB .mustC .nightD. should11. The boss has

45、given everyone a special holiday, so wego to work tomorrow.A.cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt12. What does the sign over there read?“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area”Awill Bmay Cshall D. must13. My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food. A. would

46、nt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt 14. What do you think we can do for our aged parents?You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have to B. oughtnt toC. mustnt D. cant15. Turn off the TV, Jack. _ your homework now?Mum, just ten more minutes, please. A .Should you be doing B

47、. Shouldn't you be doing C. Couldn't you be doing D. Will you be doing16. When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent 17. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. may B. can C. would D. sho

48、uld18. You ought to have called her yesterday .    Yes , I know I _ . Aought to Bought to have Cought have doneDought to have called19. Why did you keep it a secret from me ? I _ about it. Ashould be told Bought to have been toldCshould have told Dought to be told20. If he had started at n

49、ine oclock, he       have been in London by eleven oclock. AmustBmayCought toDhas to【答案解析】1. 答案：C 解析：該題考查的知識點是should的用法。根據(jù)對話的意思可以判斷，the North Lake應(yīng)該是很美的一個湖泊，但現(xiàn)在被污染了，言外之意，這個湖泊之美要打上問號。Should這個情態(tài)動詞有“按理推測”的含義，可譯成“理應(yīng)”等含義，符合對話的真實意圖。will表“現(xiàn)在的自然傾向”，would表“過去習(xí)慣、傾向”，must 表“肯

50、定推測”，均不符句意。2. 答案：C 解析：must have done表示“過去肯定做了某事”。should have done表示“本該做某事而沒做”。根據(jù)上文情景I have got A for my term paper可判斷出一定進行了廣泛閱讀并做了大量工作。所以答案為C項。3. 答案：D 解析：根據(jù)下面“否則她是不會在他身上浪費這么多的時間的”可以知道前面的意思是：老師一定是認為在Johnson身上花時間是值得的。must have done表示對過去情況的肯定猜測。4. 答案：C 解析：句意為：在像飛機場和車站這樣擁擠的地方，你一定要照看好自己的行李。must表示“必須，一定”，

51、符合句意。5. 答案：A 解析：由句意 “我的MP4不在我包里。我可能把它放哪兒了？”可知應(yīng)選A。can have done表示“過去可能做過”，而must have done 表示“過去肯定做過”，只能用于肯定陳述句；should have done本應(yīng)該做（而事實上沒做）；would have done只能用于虛擬語氣。6. 答案：B 解析：can在此表示能力，cant表示“不能”。此題所考查的知識點比較簡單，但由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，所以許多學(xué)生不是由于沒有弄清知識點而誤選，而是由于不理解句意而誤選。全句意為：對于大多數(shù)植物來說，它們所面臨的最大問題是(有些)動物喜歡以它們?yōu)槭澄?，而?dāng)它們

52、受到威脅時卻不能起身逃跑。7. 答案：C 解析：must have passed the exam表示“肯定是通過考試了”，由前句中的“happy”和下句中的“not difficult after all” 可以推知。8. 答案：D 解析：本題考查情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。句意“我的詞典哪兒去了？我記得昨天放在這兒了。”“你也許放錯地方了”。由句意可以看出是對過去情況的推測，應(yīng)該用“情態(tài)動詞 + have done”的形式，故排除A、C兩項；should have done sth.意為“過去本該做某事(而沒做)”，故排除B項。答案為D項，might have done表示“可能做過某事”。9.

53、 答案：A 解析：句意為：由于猛烈的洪水侵襲，這個地區(qū)三分之二的建筑均需要修理。此題作主語的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，need后邊應(yīng)用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式。10. 答案： D 解析：本題考查情態(tài)動詞。could have done（過去）可能做過；本能夠做；must have done（過去）肯定做過；might have done（過去）可能做過；should have done本應(yīng)該做（而事實上沒做）。由句意“我告訴你朋友該怎么去旅館，但或許我應(yīng)該開車送她去那兒。”可知應(yīng)選D項。11. 答案：C 解析：考查情態(tài)動詞的否定形式的特定含義。cant的意思是“不可能”， sh

54、ouldnt表示“不應(yīng)該”，mustnt 與neednt的意思大不相同，前者表示“禁止”，意思是：一定不能；后者表示“沒有必要”，意思是“不必”，相當(dāng)于dont have to，從前句“老板放了我們假”，所以“明天沒有必要上班”，故選C。12. 答案：C 解析：shall用于第二、三人稱，表示命令、允許、警告等，此處表示警告。will表示現(xiàn)在的意志、愿望等，意為“要，希望”；may表示許可，或用于請求許可，意為“可，可以”；must意為“必須，要，應(yīng)當(dāng)”。13. 答案：C 解析：根據(jù)My cats really fat.可以知道是說“本不應(yīng)該給貓?zhí)嗍澄飬s給了”所以答案為C。should / oughtn't to have done，意為本來不應(yīng)做但實際已做，表達遺憾的感情色彩。14. 答案：A 解析：句意：你認為我們可以為我們年邁的父母做些什么事？除了能真心地陪伴他們，你不必做任何事情。don't have toneedn't“不必”；oughtn't to“不應(yīng)該”；mustn't“不可以”；can't“不能”。所以答案為A項。15. 答