2008高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)_完形填空解題技巧大全_課件

1、 完形填空是一種測(cè)試學(xué)生語(yǔ)言水平和實(shí)際運(yùn)完形填空是一種測(cè)試學(xué)生語(yǔ)言水平和實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力的綜合性題型，用語(yǔ)言能力的綜合性題型， 它要求學(xué)生掌握詞它要求學(xué)生掌握詞匯知識(shí)，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，匯知識(shí)，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)， 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，句法結(jié)構(gòu)， 而而且要有一定的語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟能力，邏輯思維能力和語(yǔ)且要有一定的語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟能力，邏輯思維能力和語(yǔ)言感悟能力，言感悟能力，是是綜合了現(xiàn)行的單選和閱讀的考查。綜合了現(xiàn)行的單選和閱讀的考查。近年來(lái)試題所設(shè)計(jì)的知識(shí)面不斷拓寬，缺少故事近年來(lái)試題所設(shè)計(jì)的知識(shí)面不斷拓寬，缺少故事情節(jié)的文章增多，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇及上下文的理情節(jié)的文章增多，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇及上下文的理解和應(yīng)用，而且完

2、形填空題在整個(gè)高考試卷中的解和應(yīng)用，而且完形填空題在整個(gè)高考試卷中的分值比重比以往更高，因此，分值比重比以往更高，因此，可以說(shuō)可以說(shuō)該題型難度該題型難度大、區(qū)分度高，是大、區(qū)分度高，是“容易拉開(kāi)距離容易拉開(kāi)距離”的題型。的題型。情景運(yùn)用情景運(yùn)用, ,常識(shí)應(yīng)用常識(shí)應(yīng)用詞語(yǔ)辨析詞語(yǔ)辨析 （先易后難）（先易后難）上下文聯(lián)系上下文聯(lián)系邏輯推理邏輯推理, ,歸納概括歸納概括語(yǔ)篇理解語(yǔ)篇理解 collegeschoolprimary schoolmiddle schooluniversityinstituteteachersprofessors(tutors)studentspupilsgraduates

3、postgraduatesdegreesBachelorsMastersDoctorscourseslecturesexaminationsquiztestpaperssubjectscheathomeworkmarkresultsscholarshipsmokingsmokers/non-smokersparentschildrenadultsplaces to smokepublic placesprivate places at homedisadvantages (harms)waste of moneyfires- lossdiseases-healthlaws to forbid

4、smoking ban restrictfirefire alarmfiremen/firefightersdistinguisherstovesmokestart a fireset fire toseton firemake a firebe on firefight againstput outburn to the groundsound (v.)the fire alarm Law should not restrict (限制) where people can smoke. As far as I am concerned, any arguments that say smok

5、ing affects the health of nonsmokers are based on emotions (感情) ， not science. As a matter of fact, there is no conclusive evidence to prove that the health of wives and children of smokers is harmed by their husbands or fathers smoking. Banning smoking in public places, like restaurants and offices

6、, only cause loss of income and lower productivity. It also, I believe, unfairly restricts peoples freedom of choice. Naturally, this is an issue that arouses a lot of anger on the part of a lot of people, but clearly, anger should not dictate laws. The decision of where and when to smoke, should, i

7、n my opinion, be left to common courtesy(禮貌） and sense（理智）. eg. I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommat

8、e B. classmate C. neighbour D. companioneg. And thousands of _58_ watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.58. A. patient B. terrified C. pleased D. enjoyableeg. We were _42_ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, 42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. surewer

9、e about towheneg. One day, Mrs. Nanette ONeill gave an arithmetic _26_ to our class. When the papers were _27_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the (same) mistakes throughout the test.26. A. test B. problem C. paper D. lesson27. A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answeredeg. (NMET

10、 2001) 首句：He has been called the “missing link”: half-man, half beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world Mount Everest. 文章的開(kāi)篇段描述了 “missing link” 的外貌和生活地，讀懂第一句我們就可確定說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是半人半獸的動(dòng)物，有助于預(yù)測(cè)全文的基本框架和內(nèi)容。eg. I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the f

11、ields of Eufaula, Okla. 36 the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up old furniture. He gave me a cent for every nail I 37 out of old board. 36. A. Before B. Within C. From D. By 37. A. pulled B. put C. picked D. pressed eg. At the beginning of this century, medical scientists made an interesting

12、 discovery: we are built not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were _to show that we all have a “body clock”. (NMET2000) A. anxious B. able C. change D. moveeg. Should the small change received at the store be forgotten or returned? Nobody will know except _. But you have to live with y

13、ourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect. A. me B. you C. us D. them 此題根據(jù)下文的主語(yǔ)you判斷，只能選B。 eg. a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for _ purpose. A. their B. its C. those D. that 本句從反面說(shuō)明劇院設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)符合空間的作用，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只

14、有its指代單數(shù)名詞theater。eg. (NMET 2001) 首句：He has been called the “missing link”: half-man, half beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world Mount Everest. eg. 1 my way home yesterday, I saw a dog in front 2 me. 1. A. In B. Of C. On D. To 2. A. of B. to C. from D. before eg. Everyda

15、y after school I would 41 to JMs and work until ten. (NMET 2003 北京） 41. A. head B. turn C. change D. movehead for/ to 是一個(gè)固定詞組，表示前往，去。 eg. The strange thing was that practically all the students went to class, and very few people stayed up late at night. Only the new people stayed up or _ class. (NME

16、T2000春） A. attended B. took C. missed D. studied 文章中or連接的是并列成分，所以空格中的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與上文went to class 構(gòu)成相反的意義，該題屬于反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。2003 春， 全國(guó)卷）eg. How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel(琺瑯）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have 52 there. Then the decay slowly

17、 spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. (2002, 上海春季招生）51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt52. A. stored B. collected C. laid D. piled 上文中講蛀牙如何產(chǎn)生。 空51和紅體單詞在意義上是一致的， 屬于同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。 eg. On the whole, I think I am a better person for having gone to t

18、he school. I can read and write as well as anyone else my age, and I can think better. Thats probably a real big difference between the free school and regular school-the amount of _. (NMET2000, 春） A. reading B. gardening C. teaching D. thinking 該段落強(qiáng)調(diào)作者比同領(lǐng)人更會(huì)思考，且這一點(diǎn)是Free School 和正規(guī)學(xué)校的最大區(qū)別。結(jié)尾處是對(duì)上文的總結(jié)

19、，屬于話題同現(xiàn)的情況。Eg. Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that a bank in Long Island had been broken into by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with $150,000. “One hundred and fifty thousand,” Todd whistled. Heres a fellow who just walks into a ba

20、nk and helps himself to so much money. Todd thought of the _ with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station. So many papers to sign, so much money to pay back. A. satisfaction B. difficulty C. disappointment D. spirit 填此空時(shí)，應(yīng)該充分利用上下文，對(duì)照上文的語(yǔ)氣：武裝分子搶錢(qián)如此輕巧！而自己賺錢(qián)卻是如此麻煩

21、，其中manage to 也有一定提示作用。eg. I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most 36 and tiring games Ive ever had. （NMET 2003） 36. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular 此處從語(yǔ)法的角度4個(gè)選項(xiàng)都對(duì)，但聯(lián)系后文才能發(fā)現(xiàn)唯有C為最佳答案。eg. It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sl

22、eepily-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their _ . A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices 5.6 5.6 完形填空題的解題過(guò)程首先是一個(gè)閱讀完形填空題的解題過(guò)程首先是一個(gè)閱讀的過(guò)程。做題時(shí)必須把握作者的思路，使自的過(guò)程。做題時(shí)必須把握作者的思路，使自己的思維模式與作者的思維模式相吻合。在己的思維模式與作者的思維模式相吻合。在整個(gè)解題的過(guò)程中不斷地從各個(gè)角度進(jìn)行合整個(gè)解題的過(guò)程中不斷地從各個(gè)角度進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理，進(jìn)而驗(yàn)證推理的正確性，修乎邏輯的推理，進(jìn)而驗(yàn)證推理的正確性，修正非正

23、確性，以達(dá)到理解全文、解決問(wèn)題的正非正確性，以達(dá)到理解全文、解決問(wèn)題的目的。正確分析推理是恰當(dāng)解題的必要條件，目的。正確分析推理是恰當(dāng)解題的必要條件，而恰當(dāng)解題又是對(duì)題目進(jìn)行正確分析推理的而恰當(dāng)解題又是對(duì)題目進(jìn)行正確分析推理的必然結(jié)果。因此運(yùn)用句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系必然結(jié)果。因此運(yùn)用句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系解題包括運(yùn)用修飾，因果，結(jié)構(gòu)再現(xiàn)，連詞解題包括運(yùn)用修飾，因果，結(jié)構(gòu)再現(xiàn)，連詞等技巧解題。即在上下文中尋找有關(guān)的提示等技巧解題。即在上下文中尋找有關(guān)的提示或暗示，對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯分析，抓住或暗示，對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯分析，抓住關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)言信息的詞語(yǔ)，確定合理的答案至關(guān)關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)言信息的詞語(yǔ)，確定合理的答

24、案至關(guān)重要。重要。 eg. No man can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we can 2 what the more changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting.1. A. see B. look C.

25、read D. watch2. A. tell B. speak C. talk D. point 上面是一段文章的開(kāi)頭， 開(kāi)篇第三句就用了but, 由此可以推斷后面的內(nèi)容和人類(lèi)可以認(rèn)識(shí)，掌握天氣現(xiàn)象有關(guān)，這樣就不難選出空缺的詞了。 下面的例子則是考查學(xué)生先判斷轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系再填過(guò)渡詞了。eg. I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not 38 have scored more than 80. 39 , when anything went wrong with my car, I hurrie

26、d to him and he always 40 it. (NMET 2002)38. A. always B. possibly C. certainly D. frequently39. A. Then B. Thus C. Therefore D. Yet40. A. fixed B. checked C. drove D. changedeg. The native people said they 38 (knew of ) this creature and called it the “Yeti”, and they said that they had 39 caught Y

27、etis on two occasions 40 none has ever been produced. (NMET 2001)39. A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably40. A. as B. though C. when D. until 39空前的兩個(gè)分句存在著遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系， 而該句又和后面的分句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，據(jù)此可以判斷答案。5.7 5.7 完形填空題以自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的完形填空題以自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語(yǔ)篇信息，其間無(wú)不滲透著各類(lèi)相關(guān)的常識(shí)語(yǔ)篇信息，其間無(wú)不滲透著各類(lèi)相關(guān)的常識(shí)與知識(shí)。背景知識(shí)指的是我們平時(shí)所積累的與知識(shí)。背景知識(shí)指的

28、是我們平時(shí)所積累的常識(shí)，生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，文常識(shí)，生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，文化背景，歷史事件，地理位置等?？忌鲱}化背景，歷史事件，地理位置等?？忌鲱}時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，注意中西方文化方面存在的差異，生活常識(shí)，注意中西方文化方面存在的差異，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過(guò)程，節(jié)省將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過(guò)程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順理成章地選出正確的答案。寶貴的時(shí)間，順理成章地選出正確的答案。因此，這就要求考生平時(shí)注意知識(shí)的積累，因此，這就要求考生平時(shí)注意知識(shí)的積累，并加強(qiáng)不同學(xué)科間的知識(shí)融合，有意識(shí)地了并加強(qiáng)不

29、同學(xué)科間的知識(shí)融合，有意識(shí)地了解一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化背景知識(shí)，這對(duì)英語(yǔ)解一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化背景知識(shí)，這對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)試將大有幫助。學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)試將大有幫助。 eg. People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells. Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 26 and have make up their minds to ring the bells non stop for two we

30、eks as a protest. (NMET1999)26. A. college B. village C. town D. church 在英語(yǔ)國(guó)家鐘樓通常設(shè)在教堂里或與教堂連在一起，因此不難判斷此題選C。eg. One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54 with a friend and close relatives. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55 towards some one we are fond than towards 56 . (NM

31、ET 2002 上海卷）54. A. mind B. memory C. manner D. temper55. A. anger B. interest C. love D. respect56. A. strangers B. friends C. relatives D. colleagues 在日常生活中人們通常會(huì)對(duì)親戚朋友或者自己發(fā)脾氣，但卻不在陌生人身上。 加上morethan的句型，則可以判斷出答案了。對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)eg. As they walked Mark 38 the boys name was Bill, that he 39 computer games, base

32、ball and history, that he was having a lot of 40 with his other subjects and that he had just broken 41 with his girlfriend.38. A. discovered B. realized C. said D. decided39. A. played B. loved C. tried D. made40. A. questions B. ideas C. trouble D. doubt41. A. up B. out C. off D. awayeg. Many peop

33、le now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 51 for children to work at home in their free time. 52, they argue that most teachers do not 53 plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. (2003春，上海）51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant 52. A

34、. Nevertheless B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover53. A. considerably B. favourably C. properly D. pleasantlyeg. When he was speaking to people 37 he had no 38 understanding what they said. 39 , when he was speaking on the phone, he 40 had a problem. (NEMT,春2003)37. A. slowly B. in public C. in pers

35、on D. carefully38. A. difficulty B. idea C. mistake D. interest39. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. interest40. A. Even B. curiosity C. notice D. attention 完形填空題中對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩個(gè)方面。習(xí)慣用法是英語(yǔ)中某些固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，不能隨意變動(dòng)。而在眾多的習(xí)語(yǔ)當(dāng)中，介詞往往扮演最活躍的角色，其次是副詞。所以，考生應(yīng)掌握習(xí)慣用法，用它來(lái)分析破解完形填空題或許可算得上是一件秘密武器。詞義辨析題

36、的比重有加大的趨勢(shì)。要做好這類(lèi)題目，非得有較大的詞匯量、較強(qiáng)的詞語(yǔ)搭配能力。eg. At this moment, the air hostess 73 . She looked pale, but was quite (calm). A. showed B. presented C. exposedD. appeared 本題考查動(dòng)詞近義詞辨析, 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“出現(xiàn)，顯露”的意思， 但是a, b, c都是及物動(dòng)詞，此處不應(yīng)用及物動(dòng)詞，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選不及物動(dòng)詞appear ，表示“出現(xiàn)”。從此題我們還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，單純地記憶單詞詞義還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。還應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握詞性、詞的搭配、用法等。eg. Human bra

37、ins are the 68 .68. A. same B. identical C. similar D. alike 本題考形容詞辨析，但是考生不必逐一分析每個(gè)詞之間的差異，最好從搭配入手解題。四個(gè)單詞中只有same與定冠詞連用，故選a。eg. It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (題目) , “The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面條) ” caught my eye. The word “spaghetti” brought ba

38、ck the _36 of an evening at Uncle Alien s in Belleville 37 all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 38 spaghetti for supper. (NEMT 2004)36. A.Memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience37. A. when B. where C. since D. after38. A. cooked B. served C. got D. made eg. The news 1 twenty minu

39、tes later. The gunman had 2 a car for a ride, and than 3 out and the driver1. A. continued B. lasted C. spread D. arrived 本題考查的是相近詞的辨析，continue 和last 均能表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)，但只有前者才能表示中斷后繼續(xù)的意思。eg. Someone had taken the _ diamond and put a faulty one in its place. A. real B. pure C. right D. exact 本題中a faulty one 是一

40、個(gè)暗示要填一個(gè)反義詞，相比之下只有A最貼切。 做完形填空時(shí)，除了依據(jù)所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和解題技巧外，還應(yīng)避免幾個(gè)誤區(qū)。 1、單純求快，忽略語(yǔ)篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，試圖用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)解決所有問(wèn)題。很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析通篇文章。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見(jiàn)樹(shù)不見(jiàn)林的做法只會(huì)影響解題的質(zhì)量的效率。2、時(shí)間安排不當(dāng)，在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)上過(guò)分糾纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出的題來(lái)不及做。正確的做法是由易到難，先做會(huì) 文章首句要重視，全篇理解有啟示。文章首句要重視，全篇理解有啟示。記敘體裁為主體，通讀全文明意旨。記敘體裁為主體，通讀全文明意旨。填空多是實(shí)意詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)

41、巧設(shè)計(jì)，填空多是實(shí)意詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)巧設(shè)計(jì)，詞類(lèi)范疇必同一。確定最佳靠邏輯，詞類(lèi)范疇必同一。確定最佳靠邏輯，字里行間找信息。個(gè)別填空借常識(shí)，字里行間找信息。個(gè)別填空借常識(shí)，相近詞義細(xì)辨析，習(xí)慣用法靠記憶，相近詞義細(xì)辨析，習(xí)慣用法靠記憶，復(fù)讀反思再核實(shí)。復(fù)讀反思再核實(shí)。 There were two lazy men who _1_ did any work at all. They_2_ spend the whole day sitting in the sun and sleeping _3_ talking about what they would do when they were _4

42、_ . Many years went _5_in this way and the two men _6_ poor. One summers day as they were sitting _7_ on a bench in the sunshine, one of the men jumped _8_ his feet without warning and exclaimed, “We cant go on _9_ this. Weve got to do something to _10_ some money.”“_11_ for instance?” asked his friend in a _12_ voice. “Well go to the mountains and _13_ snails,” said th