高中英語(yǔ)必修二第3講：Unit4 Cyberspace-語(yǔ)法篇（教師版）

1、.Unit 4 Cyberspace 語(yǔ)法篇 _1、掌握will和be going to的用法區(qū)別。2、掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的根本用法。一， will和be going to用法區(qū)別：1. will的用法will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接動(dòng)詞原形。常表示根據(jù)直覺(jué)、知識(shí)、經(jīng)歷等做出的揣測(cè)will表將來(lái)存在的狀態(tài)、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next week, tomorrow等連用。例：They will be doctors 5 years later. 五年后，他們將成為醫(yī)生。Each time he comes to the city on business, he will v

2、isit his English teacher. 每次來(lái)這個(gè)城市出差，他都會(huì)拜訪他的英語(yǔ)老師。I will go to Britain next week. 下星期我要去英國(guó)。事物固有的屬性、特征或開(kāi)展的必然趨勢(shì)。例：It will become warm when spring comes. 當(dāng)春天降臨時(shí)，天氣將變暖。Fish will die without water. 魚(yú)兒分開(kāi)水會(huì)死。說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。I hear Jim was injured in a car accident. He is in hospital now. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)吉姆在一場(chǎng)交通事故中受傷了，如今在醫(yī)院。The

3、n I will go to see him. 那我這就去看他。表示懇求和邀請(qǐng)，常用于第二人稱(chēng)。Will you come in and have a drink? 你愿意進(jìn)來(lái)喝一杯嗎？說(shuō)話者對(duì)將來(lái)作出語(yǔ)言和揣測(cè)。You will be all right after taking this medicine. 吃過(guò)這藥你就會(huì)好了?？梢员硪庠?、意圖、自愿或堅(jiān)持做某事。Hell take you home. You only have to ask. 他愿意送你回家，你只要跟他說(shuō)一聲就行。2. be going to的用法打算，將要事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮或準(zhǔn)備，打算最近或?qū)?lái)要做的事。What are y

4、ou going to be when you grow up? 等你長(zhǎng)大，你想要成為什么？根據(jù)如今的跡象，預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。The old man is so weak, he is going to die. 老人如此虛弱，他活不長(zhǎng)了。3. will與be going to表將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別be going to可用于表將來(lái)時(shí)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，而will不行。錯(cuò)誤：If you will play basketball, you have to finish your homework first. 正確：If you are going to play basket, you have to

5、finish your homework first. will可以用在帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中表將來(lái)，而be going to不行。錯(cuò)誤：If it is fine, we are going to go camping.正確：If it is fine, we will go camping.be going to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間那么更遠(yuǎn)一些。He is going to writhe a letter tonight. 他打算今晚寫(xiě)封信。He will write a book one day. 他打算將來(lái)寫(xiě)本書(shū)。will臨時(shí)決定要做的事，be goi

6、ng to事先考慮要做的事。Why are you taking it out? 干嘛要把它拿出來(lái)？Im going to wash it. 我想把它洗一洗。Where is the telephone book? 簿在哪里？Ill get it for you. 我去給你拿。二， 虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣與如今事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：條件句謂語(yǔ)用“過(guò)去時(shí)be動(dòng)詞一般用were，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。If I saw him now, I would be very happy. 假如我如今見(jiàn)到他，我會(huì)很快樂(lè)的。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

7、：條件句謂語(yǔ)用“過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would/should/could/might+ have+過(guò)去分詞。If he had followed my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. 假如他當(dāng)時(shí)承受我的建議，就不會(huì)丟掉他的工作了。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：條件句謂語(yǔ)用“過(guò)去時(shí)或should/were to+動(dòng)詞原形，主句謂語(yǔ)用“would/should/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, we would take photos. 假如明天下雪，我們就

8、照相?；旌咸摂M語(yǔ)氣：主句和虛擬條件從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致，此時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)所指的不同時(shí)間選擇各自適當(dāng)?shù)男问健f he hadnt hurt his leg in the last training, he would join in the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in. 要是在上次訓(xùn)練中他的腿沒(méi)受傷的話，他會(huì)參加他渴望已久的世界杯。含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣：有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，假設(shè)的情況并不以if條件句表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)but for, without, otherwise, or等介詞、副詞暗含在

9、上下文中。But for your help, it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的幫助，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致宏大損失。假設(shè)條件從句中有were, had, should，可把if省略，把were, had, should放在主句前，形成倒裝。Had you taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination. 假如你聽(tīng)了我打建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。2. 其他從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中，表示命令，建議，要求等一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即一堅(jiān)持insist；二命令order,

10、 command；三建議suggest, propose, advise；五要求require, request, demand, desire, urge + that+主語(yǔ)+should do。He insisted that he should be sent here. 他堅(jiān)持他應(yīng)該被派去那里。suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞的標(biāo)語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后面所跟的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣對(duì)如今事實(shí)的虛擬：wish + 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或wereI wish I knew where he lives. 我要是

11、知道他住在什么地方就好了。對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬：wish + 主語(yǔ)+ had + 過(guò)去分詞This watch has gone wrong, I wish I had bought a better make. 這只表壞了，我真希望我買(mǎi)的是好點(diǎn)的牌子。對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)的虛擬：wish + 主語(yǔ)+ would + 動(dòng)詞原形I wish you wouldnt leave your clothes all over the floor. 我真希望你不把衣服丟的滿(mǎn)地都是。would rather的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“寧愿，但愿。Id rather you set out earlier tomorrow mor

12、ning. 我寧愿你明天早晨早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。It is high/about time that 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Its high time that you went to bed. 該是你睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間了。if only引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示愿望。If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次時(shí)機(jī)就好了。as if從句，看語(yǔ)境是否與事實(shí)相反而選擇是否使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.She talked it again and again as if she would never end. 她反復(fù)議論那件事，好似永遠(yuǎn)也談不完。例1. In the near future, more advanc

13、es in the robot technology _ by scientists.A. are makingB. are madeC. will makeD. will be made解析：句意：在不久的將來(lái)，科學(xué)家們將會(huì)在機(jī)器人技術(shù)方面獲得更大的進(jìn)步?？疾靹?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the near future可以確定該句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，而句子的主語(yǔ)more advances和make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：D。例 2. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ visit Beijing thi

14、s summer.A. is going toB. are going to C. was going toD. were going to解析：句意：史密斯博士將在今年夏天和妻子，女兒們一起游覽北京。由this summer可知本句應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故排除C和D。together with連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)取決于其前面的主語(yǔ)，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：A。例3.Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studiedB. would studyC.

15、 had studiedD. was studying解析：句意：也許當(dāng)時(shí)我學(xué)習(xí)的是理科而不是文科的話，那么我如今就可以給你更多的幫助了。此題考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故if引導(dǎo)的從句部分用had done。答案：C。例4. The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldntB. couldntC. needntD. shouldnt解析：句意：醫(yī)生建議你大量飲食后不要去游泳。Recommend后面的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形。表示“命

16、令、建議、懇求、要求的動(dòng)詞后加賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形。答案：D。例5. 2019北京101中學(xué)高三測(cè)試I think we are lost. Ive no idea where we are.I wish we_ the map with us. A. bringB. would bringC. have broughtD. had brought解析：句意：我認(rèn)為我們迷路了。我不知道我們?cè)谀膬海叶嗝聪Ｍ覀冸S身帶著地圖啊。動(dòng)詞“wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)

17、，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：D。根底演練一，用括號(hào)里詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ get cold.2. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ repay later in life.3. Ann is in hospital.Oh, really? I _ not know. I _ go and visit her.4. No judgment _ make about whether the man is guilty until the

18、whole case has been investigated.5. Remember to give your parents my regards when you _ phone home.6. My computer needs to be repaired. How much do you think it _ cost?7. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ have time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.8. She didnt come to the party last Sunda

19、y. If she _ come, she must have made the party more exciting.9. If we _ book a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.10. We _ put Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.Keys：一，1. will get2. will be repaid3. didnt, will go4. will be made5. phone6. will cost7.

20、had8. had come9. had booked10. would have put穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步一，單項(xiàng)選擇。1. If we _ adequate preparation, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent madeB. wouldnt makeC. didnt makeD. hadnt made2. Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts.A. may haveB. could haveC. must have hadD. mig

21、ht have had 3. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused4. Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.Sure, _.A. I didB. I do C. I shallD. I will5. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the do

22、or of faith open before you.A. sawB. have seenC. will seeD. are seeingKeys：1-5 DDBDC一，單項(xiàng)選擇。1. 2019北京海淀高三第一學(xué)期期末The zookeeper was really annoyed with me.I think so. We _ the Botanical Garden then.A. didnt throwB. dont throwC. hadnt thrownD. havent thrown2. 2019北京西城高三第一學(xué)期期末Peter would have the chance t

23、o present his talents in the competition now if he _ last term. A. signed upB. had signed upC. signs upD. has signed up3. 2019北京東城高三第一學(xué)期期末The world today _ different without the amazing discoveries produced by great scientists.A. WereB. had beenC. would beD. would have been4. 2019北京石景山高三第一學(xué)期期末We _ t

24、he sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight. A. were enjoyingB. would have enjoyedC. would be enjoyingD. will enjoy 5. What did you suggest_ , Joan?I suggested _ her father for his opinion. A. her doing, to askB. she did; asking C. her to do; to askD. she do; asking6. Im feel

25、ing sorry that my mother died of cancer. Now if I _ a millionaire, I _ a hospital for those with cancer. A. had been; would have opened B. were; would open C. was; would open D. an; will open7. Gold is _ worth $400 a liang, but I can buy it at a lower price.A. officially B. personally C. absolutely

26、D. well8. Later, the war made _ impossible for England to send those bad people who broke law to North America.A. thisB. it C. thatD. one9. The children are very quiet; I wonder what they are up_ .A. againstB. forC. toD. with10. Julia and Paul are getting married!Oh, _. A. how exciting!B. how excite

27、d! C. it doesnt sound excitingD. it sounds excited11. Today 85% of the Australian population_ in the great cities _ around the coast.A. lives; locatingB. lived; locating C. living; locatedD. live; located12. All the towns and villages down by the Huaihe River _ many times by the end of last month.A.

28、 have been floodedB. had been flooded C. have floodedD. had flooded13. Robberies often happen around the hospital. A nurse was walking home last Sunday night when she _.A. was to be attackedB. had got attacked C. was going to attackD. got attacked14. The kind manager treats his workers _ they were h

29、is children.A even ifB. as ifC. thoughD. as 15. The accident could have been much worse; fortunately no _ was done to the boy. A. stressB. harmC. needD. helpKeys:一，1-15 CBCCD BABCA DBDBB_一， 閱讀理解。Canada is a very large country. It is the second largest country in the world. By contrast it has a very

30、small population. There are only about 29 million people there. Most Canadians are of British or French origin, and French is an official language of Canada as well as English. About 45% of the people are of British origin, that is, they or their parents or grandparents, etc, come from Britain. Near

31、ly 30% are of French origin. Most of the French-Canadians live in the province of Quebec.Over the years, people have come to live in Canada from many countries in the world. They are from most European countries and also from China, besides other Asian countries.However, Canada was not an empty coun

32、try when the Europeans began to arrive. Canadian Indians lived along the coast, by the rivers and lakes and in forests. Today there are only about 350 000 Indians in the whole country, with their own languages. In the far north live the Inuit. There are only 27 000 Canadian-Inuit. Their life is hard

33、 in such a difficult climate. 1. About _ live in Quebec. A.30% of the French-Canadians B.45% of the Canadians C.29 000 000 people D.8 700 000 French-Canadians 2. The official languages of Canada are _. A. English and Chinese B. French and English C. Indian and English D. Chinese and Inuit 3. The wor

34、d “origin in this passage means _. A.血統(tǒng)B.后裔 C.先驅(qū)D.猿人 4. Which of the following is true according to this passage? A. There are 27 000 Canadian-Indians in Canada. B. More than 13 million people have come from Britain and France in recent years.C. There are 30% of the population whose parents or grand

35、parents come from France. D. There are no people when the Europeans began to arrive in Canada. 二，完型填空。We spent a day in the country, picking wild flowers._1_ the car full of flowers we were going home. On our way back my wife noticed a cupboard outside a furniture shop. It was tall and narrow.“_2_ i

36、t, my wife said at once. Well carry it home on the roof rack行李架.I've always wanted one like that.What could I do? Ten minutes later I was 20 _3_ ,and the cupboard was tied onto the roof rack. It _4_ six feet long and eighteen inches square, quite heavy, too.In the gathering darkness I drove slow

37、ly. Other drivers seemed unusually _5_that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through .Carrying furniture was a good idea.After a time my wife said, Theres a long line of cars _6_.Why don't they pass us, I wonder? In fact a police car did pass. The two officers inside shouted at

38、us seriously as they passed. But then with great kindness, they led us through the rush hour traffic. The police car stopped_7_ our village church. One of the officers came to me.“Right, sir, he said.“ Do you need any more help? I was a bit _8_ . “Thanks, officer, I said, “You have been very kind. I

39、 live just beside the road.Then he watched our car; first the flowers, then the cupboard. “Well, well, he said, laughing. “It's a cupboard you've got there! We thought it was_9_ else.My wife began to laugh. Then the _10_ struck me like a stone between the eyes. I laughed at he officer. “Yes, its a cupboard, but thanks. I drove as fast as I could, still thinking over this funny experience. 1. A. FillingB. MakingC. OnD. With 2. A. BuyB. HoldC. Make D. Own 3. A. shorterB. less C. fewer D. poorer 3. A. lookedB. measuredC. appeared D. seemed 4. A. carefulB. politeC