高一英語必修unit詞匯練習(xí)

1、Unit 4 Wildlife Protection 詞語辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. contain / includecontain強(qiáng)調(diào)主語含有某種成分或裝有某物。include強(qiáng)調(diào)主語包含的人或物是主語的一部分。所以include常譯為“包括”。including“包括”,是十分常見的表達(dá)形式。1). The list _ his name. 2). Beer _ alcohol. Keys: 1). included2). contains 2. reserve / keep / preservereserve 正式用詞，指為了將來的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。keep 最

2、常用詞，指長時(shí)間牢固地保持合伙保存。preserve 主要指為防止損害、變質(zhì)等而保存。1). Will you _ these documents for us? 2). In summer, large crops of fruit may be _ by freezing.3). All the front seats are _ for foreign guests. Keys:1). keep 2).preserved 3). reserved3. reduce / decreasereduce 強(qiáng)調(diào)在“數(shù)量、大小，程度或強(qiáng)度”方面下降或減少。decrease 側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)“穩(wěn)定地，逐漸地

3、，不斷地”減少1). The workers _ their wage demands. 2). Lack of success _ confidence. Keys: 1). reduced2). decreased4. fierce / wild / violentfierce 指人或獸的兇猛殘酷。wild 既可指自然界的荒蕪，未被馴化狀態(tài)，又指人的無法無天，不文明的野蠻行為。violent 指人時(shí)側(cè)重極為不安、異常激動(dòng)，暗含有暴力行為；也指破壞性的或不可控制的自然力量。1). She is afraid of his _ looks. 2). Who was that _ old lad

4、y?3). _ criminals like that are a danger to society. Keys: 1). wild2). fierce3). violent 詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）1. power n. 能力powerful adj. 強(qiáng)有力的; 力量大的powerfully adv. 強(qiáng)有力地; 力量大地2. appreciate v. 理解并欣賞; 賞識(shí); 高度評(píng)價(jià)appreciation n. 欣賞; 感激 appreciative adj. 有欣賞力的; 表示賞識(shí)的; 感激的3. succeed v.  成功; 做成; 達(dá)到目的 succe

5、ss  n.  成功; 成就; 成名; 發(fā)財(cái); 勝利; 達(dá)到目的successful adj.  獲得成功的; 取得成效的; 達(dá)到目的的1) I will do everything in my _ to help you. (power) 2) He is very _ built. (power)3） Elephants have _ legs. (power) 4） She shows little or no _ of good music. (appreciate)5） Your help was greatly _. (appreciate) 6） I

6、'm most _ of your generosity. (appreciate)7) He wasn't a _ as a teacher. (success) 8) If at first you don't _, try, try again. (success)9) My final attempt to fix it was _.Keys: 1) power2) powerfully3) powerful4) appreciation 5) appreciated6) appreciative7) success8) succeed 9) successfu

7、l 重點(diǎn)詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. wild adj. 野生的, 野的, 未馴化的；無居民的, 荒涼的典例 1). He enjoys filming wild animals. 他喜歡拍攝野生動(dòng)物。2). We walked into a wild mountain region. be wild about sth/sb（對(duì)某事物某人）極熱心或熱愛 be wild with 因而發(fā)狂1). The crowd went wild with delight.群眾欣喜若狂。2). The children are wild about the new computer.2. rel

8、ief n. （痛苦 困苦 憂慮等的）減輕或解除1). The drug gives some relief from pain. 2). I breathed/heaved a sigh of relief when I heard he was safe. (much) to ones relief 使某人大為放心；使某人深感寬慰1). To my great relief/Much to my relief, I wasn't late. 2). It's a great relief to find you here. 3. hunt vt. & vi. 打獵;

9、 獵取; 搜索1). Wolves hunt in packs. 狼是成群獵食的。2). Police are hunting an escaped criminal. 警方正在追捕逃犯。hunt for 試圖找到（某物某人）hunt after 探求；追求: 1). I am hunting for a lost book. 2). Many people hunt after fame in their lives but never find it.4. distant n. （空間或時(shí)間）遠(yuǎn)隔的, 遙遠(yuǎn)的1). The airport is about ten miles distan

10、t from the city. 2). She is a distant cousin of mine. be distant with / towards with sb. 對(duì)冷淡 1). There is a distant connection between the two theories. 2). She is always distant with her mother.5. mercy n. 仁慈; 寬恕; 寬容; 恩惠; 幸運(yùn)1). They showed mercy to their enemies. 2). It's a mercy she wasn't

11、 hurt in the accident. at the mercy of sb/sth任由某人某事物擺布或控制have mercy on / upon對(duì)有憐憫心Keys: 1). The ship was at the mercy of the storm.2). Have mercy on us! 重點(diǎn)詞組 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. pay attention to 注意 1). Please pay attention to what I am saying. 2). She turned her attention to a new problem. 短語歸納catch sb

12、's attention 吸引某人的注意draw attention to sth. 注意某事物give one's attention to 注意 : 1). A newspaper headline caught his attention. 2). She drew my attention to an error in the report.2. die out（指物種）死光；滅絕, 火慢慢熄滅1). The moth's habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly died out. 短語歸納die away減弱（

13、以至覺察不到）逐漸停止，逐漸消失；淡化die down逐漸降低逐漸減弱，逐漸模糊；減弱be dying 垂死的be dying for/to do sth.渴望die of 死于（饑餓；?。ヾie from死于（外界引起的）die hard很難改變；頑固 die off相繼死去die away 1). The noise of the car _ in the distance. 2). The old traditions are _.3). The man _ a wound 4). I'm _ something to eat. Keys: 1). died away 2). d

14、ying out 3). died from 4). dying for 3. come into being形成；產(chǎn)生（不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）典例Dinosaurs lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being.短語歸納come into effect實(shí)施come into use投入使用 come into power上臺(tái)執(zhí)政1). When did the world _? 2). The new seat-belt regulations _ last we

15、ek. 3). When did this word _?Keys: 1). come into being2). came into effect 3). come into use 重點(diǎn)句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1. She turned around and there was an antelope with a sad face looking at her.她轉(zhuǎn)過身看到一只羚羊帶著憂郁的神色望著她。解釋此句可改成：She turned around and there was an antelope which was looking at her with a sad

16、face.“with a sad face looking at her” 為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即with +名詞、代詞（介詞賓語）+v.-ing（賓補(bǔ)）。可充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的還有分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞及介詞短語。簡單總結(jié)為：with +賓語+-v.-ed /v.-ing /to do）作伴隨狀語或定語With some students following behind, he came in.1). Don't stand with your hands in your pockets.2). With a lot of thing to be solved, the new bos

17、s worried a lot.2. They set the number of animals to be hunted. 他們撥出一定數(shù)量的動(dòng)物供人們捕獵。解釋to be hunted為動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，在此作animals的后置定語。不定式作定語時(shí)，在句中如果能找到不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，常用不定式的主動(dòng)式，找不到時(shí)常用不定式的被動(dòng)式。典例The first thing to be done is to tidy up the office. The first thing for you to do is to tidy up the office.1). The car needs

18、to be repaired before we start. 2). The meeting is to be held tomorrow.1課文詞匯等填空（旨在復(fù)習(xí)本課文中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）Daisy desired to help 1 (endanger) species of wildlife because a large number of animals are dying 2 . One day, a flying carpet took her to a 3 (遙遠(yuǎn)) land, 4 she could find antelopes 5 gave fur to make

19、 sweaters. Then she met an elephant in Zimbabwe and was told that elephants used to be hunted without 6 . But now people know the 7 (重要) of wildlife 8 (protect).答案：1. endangered2. out3. distant4. where5. that/which6. mercy7. importance8. protection2課文大意概括 （旨在訓(xùn)練用30個(gè)單詞概括大意的能力）The passage tells us Dais

20、ys experience . She visited Tibet, Zimbabwe and a rainforest, where she found that some animals are in danger and realized the importance of protecting animals. 3課文佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對(duì)難句的理解和運(yùn)用能力）1. 【原句】Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animals that gave fur to make this sweater. I know

21、 there is a place where you can find watermelons everywhere which is sugary. We are put into such a position where we have to solve the problems which we are faced with. 2. 【原句】They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being. I knew the news that they were i

22、nvited to the party, long before you told me. They had known each other long before I knew them. 1完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從2130各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 It is a 21 day. I got in touch with Michael whom I have been losing 22 for one year. We have lost contact since our last 23 in my senior 3. He mentioned t

23、o me in his last letter that he was preparing for going to the UK to 24 his education. I, shamefully, was too busy to reply his mail then. When I was 25 to the ZJU and won the final freedom, I thought he had already been in UK so I had no 26 where to write him. I used to think that we would never 27

24、 again. However, I found out 28 that he is still in PRC.I eventually got him on the phone. He was very surprised. Life is 29 in moments such like this. Old friends meet again surprisingly; they look at the face of each other, and recognize the old pal. It is such moment that makes me feel grateful t

25、o life: whenever I set off for a new 30 , I see I have friends in the same direction, with whom I won't feel alone any more. 21. A. celebrating B. terrifying. C. surprising D. shamefully 22. A. join B. contact C. connect D. relate 23. A. friendship B. roommateship C. correspondence D. relationsh

26、ip 24. A. receive B. continue C. keep D. further 25. A. recommended B. commanded C. congratulated D. achieved 26. A. suggestion B. help C. idea. D. thought 27. A. meet B. see C. help D. communicate 28. A. sadly B. excitedly C. astonishedly D. worriedly29. A. enjoyable B. unforgettable C. responsible

27、 D. patient30. A. system B. ambition C. achievement D. destination答案解析：21 選A. 老朋友相見是一件值得慶祝的事情。22 選B 下文有l(wèi)ose contact。23 選C. 文章下文有“the last letter”，作者與同學(xué)的高三畢業(yè)后的第一次通信 (correspondence)。24 選D 作者的舊學(xué)友到英國去深造。25 選A. 作者被推薦到大公司工作。不能是commanded“命令”也不能是congratulated “恭喜”和achieved “獲得”26 選C 作者沒法知道舊學(xué)友的地址，故不知道怎么聯(lián)系。h

28、ave no idea“不知道”。27 選A. 作者和同學(xué)再次見面。28 選B 作者和舊學(xué)友再次見面，當(dāng)然是令人高興的事情。29 選A. 作者見到舊學(xué)友非常高興，自然會(huì)感嘆“Life is enjoyable”。30 選D 作者感恩生活，無論自己往哪個(gè)目標(biāo)，都會(huì)有朋友并肩前行。2語法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。 Here is a SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING for you now. 31 is known to all, the styles of Western art 32 (change) many

29、 times, while Chinese art has changed 33 often. During 34 Middle Ages, the main purpose of a painter was to represent religious themes. 35 by the 13th century painters began to paint more realistically. In the Renaissance, painters tried to paint people and nature as they 36 were. And they learned t

30、o draw things in perspective. 37 late 19th to early 20th century, the impressionist painters wanted to show 38 light and shadow fell on objects. From 20th century to now, 39 have appeared scores of modem art and styles. New styles of painting are expected 40 (come)into being in the future. 答案：31As 3

31、2has changed 331ess 34。the 35. But 36really 37From 38. how 39there 40to come 31As引導(dǎo)定語從句，as代替整個(gè)主句： 32has changed，有many times用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且后一句的對(duì)比也用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 331ess與many times形成對(duì)比； 34the the Middle Ages專有名詞，“中世紀(jì)”(歐洲歷史上從公元1000年到1450年) 35But表示轉(zhuǎn)折； 36really 副詞做狀語。 37. from因from . to.表示從“(什么時(shí)候)到(什么時(shí)候)”： 38how引導(dǎo)賓語從句

32、，在從句本身做方式狀語。 39there因there appear是there be句型的變體。 40to come表示將來，故用不定式：3閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 The American Westward Movement was a movement of people from the sealed regions to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, Anglo-American peoples and their

33、 societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast by greatly expanding the nations borders, and the United States became a powerful nation in the 20th century. However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering and destruction, and a painful loss of culture for Native Americans.

34、 Some of the Native American tribes (部落) of the Gmat Plains were hunters and gatherers. Most tribes in the Southwest were hunters and farmers. In the Pacific Northwest, tribes were traders and fishermen, and relied on rivers rich with all sorts of fish. Westward expansion destroyed resources and dam

35、aged the environment, thus destroying the ability of Native Americans to support themselves. In addition, the pioneers carried diseases that killed thousands. Some Native Americans fought against the coming of white settlers. The most famous conflicts took place on the Great Plains, where many tribe

36、s fought against the U.S. Army in several wars between 1855 and 1877. Native Americans won some big victories, including the famous defeat of George Custer on Montana's Little Bighorn River in 1876, but were finally suppressed (鎮(zhèn)壓), and then forced to reservations (居留地). In 1877 the Nez Perce tr

37、ibe fought an.unsuccessful attempt to escape to Canada. Southwestern Apache peoples, with their most famous leader, Geronimo, fought against the occupation of their lands until 1886. However, it wasn't a conflict that destroyed independent Native American culture; it was the great number of whit

38、e sealers that took over Native American lands, and the ways in which these settlers transformed the West. New laws limited Native Americans to reservations and forced them to take meager (貧困的) government handouts. Government policy tried to assimilate (同化) the tribes into white society by reducing

39、native culture and trying to make Native Americans follow white customs. The Dawes Act of 1887 aimed to put an end to the reservations, and decrease the importance of the tribes by handing out reservation land to individual natives. Between 1887 and 1934, dozens of reservations were destroyed, and N

40、ative American lands were reduced from 150 million areas to 48 million. Luckily, however, despite the poor living conditions on many reservations even to this day, Native Americans have managed in many cases to keep much of their culture and identity. 41. By writing this passage the author intends t

41、o _. A. show the importance of the Westward Movement in the United States B. introduce the history of settlement during the Westward Movement C. show the painful loss of native ways of life during the Westward Movement D. criticize white Americans for suppressing the natives and destroying their cul

42、tures42. In the authors opinion, the Native Americans suffered most from _. A. the diseases carried by the whites B. the loss of their lands C. the wars against the white settlers D. cultural assimilation by whites43. Native culture was first cut down in the process of Westward Movement mainly by th

43、e _. A. conflicts B. reservations C. new laws D. policies of assimilation44. The Dawes Act of 1887 was carried out to _. A. make the occupation of lands by whites lawful B. destroy native means of living C. weaken native culture and identity D. establish the whites' rule45. What can be inferred

44、from the passage? A. The writer is relieved that some native culture has been saved. B. Native lands were reduced because the natives were defeated by the whims. C. Native cultures only exist on reservations now.D. The natives weren't as healthy as the whites.答案：41. C。作者態(tài)度題。文章的意旨是介紹西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)中北美當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦奈?/p>

45、化的喪失，所以應(yīng)該選擇C。42. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的描述美國當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裨诎兹藢?duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用襁M(jìn)行文化同化中損失最大。43. A。推理判斷題。從本段的文字“However, it wasnt a conflict that destroyed independent Native American culture; it was the great number of white settlers that took over Native American lands, and the ways in which these settlers transformed the West.”

46、也可以看出美國印第安文化并沒有被摧毀，只能在某些程度上被削弱了。44. C。推理判斷題。最后一段說政府制定了政策來同化北美當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?，所以?yīng)該選擇C。45. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)Luckily, however, despite the poor living conditions even to this day, Native Americans have managed in many cases to keep much of their culture and identity.可以推斷A正確。4.讀寫任務(wù) 閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文： About 43

47、years ago, I was an instructor in the military college at Woolwich, when young Scoresby was given his first examination. I felt extremely sorry for him. Everybody answered the questions well, intelligently, while he did not know anything, so to speak. He was a nice, pleasant young man. It was painfu

48、l to see him stand there and give answers that were wonders of stupidity. I knew of course that when examined again he would fail and be thrown out. So, I said to myself, it would be a simple, harmless act to help him as much as I could. I took him aside and found he knew a little about Julius Cesar

49、's history. But he did not know anything else. So, I tested him and worked him like a slave. I made him work, over and over again, on a few questions about, which I knew he would be asked. He came through very well on the day of the examination. He got high praise too, while others who knew a th

50、ousand more than he were sharply criticized! I thought that what in the end would destroy him would be the mathematics examination. I decided to make his end as painless as possible. So, I pushed facts into his stupid head for hours. Finally, however, I was shocked out of my mind. He took the first

51、prize! And he got the highest praise.寫作內(nèi)容 1)以約30個(gè)詞概括短文的要點(diǎn). 2)然后以約120個(gè)詞寫一篇記敘文，描寫你了解的某人一次靠不斷努力取得成功的經(jīng)歷，并包括如下的要點(diǎn)： 敘述你了解的某人靠不斷努力取得成功的一次真實(shí)或虛構(gòu)的經(jīng)歷。 別人對(duì)此事如何評(píng)價(jià)。寫作要求 1作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；標(biāo)題自定。 2作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。 答案 Perseverance Creates Miracles His instructor's help and his dilig

52、ence made Scoresby, a stupid military man, did better than others in the history examination and even won the first prize in the maths examination. This story reminds me of a similar experience of my seatmate. He was really a basketball fan. So you can imagine how angry and disappointed his parents

53、were every time the result of an exam came out! He had been the last in the list of the whole grade! Everybody around my seatmate believed him hopeless. However, when he became a student of Senior Three, for some reason, he began to study very hard, or rather, all day and all night. Despite the fact

54、 that he was quite often laughed at and looked down upon, he kept on studying. To everybody's surprise, he was finally admitted into a famous university in Guangdong Province. In fact, nothing is impossible and perseverance creates miracles。一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)1. If their habitat is threatened or they cant fin

55、d enough food, their numbers may decrease. The number of children in the school has decreased this year. There was a decrease in the number of children in school. decrease in number 數(shù)目減少2. As a result these endangered animals may even die out.The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the residents.an endangered species; an endangered culture.3. There has been some progress in saving endangered wildlife in China. 4.loss of bamboo growing areas His unfortunate death was a great loss to the firm.Their company suffered loss on loss in business last year. 他們公司去年在生意上接二連三地虧