高中英語人教版必修一Unit4知識點匯總及強化練習(xí)

1、Unit 4 Earthquakes單元要點預(yù)覽詞匯部分詞語辨析1. congratulate / celebrate2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm3. rise / raise / lift4. hurt / injure / wound詞形變化1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的2. nation n. 民族；國家；國民national adj. 民族的；國家的3. suffer v.  受苦; 吃苦頭suffering  n.  

2、苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者重點單詞1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂 2. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時常用復(fù)數(shù)）3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救4. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計重點詞組1. right away 立刻，馬上2. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)3. instead of 代替，而不4. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬計的重點句子1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places

3、 to hide.2. All hope was not lost.重點語法定語從句 I詞語辨析 1. congratulate / celebrate 【解釋】congratulate 對他人祝賀為目的，側(cè)重以言語表示祝賀。celebrate 通常指舉行盛大隆重的儀式慶?；蚣o(jì)念有意義的日子或某件事情。側(cè)重指以行動來慶祝生日、節(jié)日等。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). I _ you on your success.2). We held a party to _ our success. 2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm【解釋】destroy

4、 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀，使之無法恢復(fù)，也可以表示對某物體進行完全的毀壞。 ruin一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊的結(jié)果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。damage 一般指對物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價值或作用降低或變得無價值、無作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也可以指非暴力的長期損害的結(jié)果。 harm 一般指傷害有生命的東西，常指傷及人的健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). You may get _ in that shop.2). He cant _ her. She sees t

5、hrough him every time.3. rise / raise / lift【解釋】rise 普通用詞，指具體的抽象的事物由低向高移動。raise 及物動詞，多指把某物從低處升到高處。lift 語氣比raise強，指用體力或機械的力舉起或抬起某物。【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). She _ her eyes from her work.2). _ me up, mummy-I cant see.3). The plane was then able to _ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.4. hurt / in

6、jure / wound【解釋】hurt 一般用語，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神和情感方面的傷害。injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受傷，很少指精神方面的傷害.wound 指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭中受傷?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). The soldier was _ in the arm in the war.2). She was _ slightly in an accident during the work.3). I was very much _ at his words.II詞性變化 1. frighten vt. 嚇唬；

7、使驚嚇frightened n. 受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的2. nation n. 民族；國家；國民national adj. 民族的；國家的3. suffer v.  受苦; 吃苦頭suffering  n.  苦難；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受難者【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1) Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe. (nation)2) We are talking about _ and international issues. (nation)3） _

8、children were calling for their mothers. (frighten)4） The child _to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)5） It is even _ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)6） We _ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer) 7) Theyre arthritis _. (suffer)8) There is so much _ in this world.

9、 (suffer) 重點詞匯 1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂典例 1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那個紅色的氣球突然爆了。2). The police burst through the door. 警察破門而入。3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying. 一聽到這則消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy則突然大哭起來。4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the e

10、nding of the song. 歌聲結(jié)束后響起了一陣掌聲。重點用法burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭練習(xí) 中譯英1). 水管在寒冷的天氣里經(jīng)常凍裂。_2). 太陽突然從云端里露出來。_2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救典例 1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察來救他，把他從河里拉了出來。2). The rescue team made

11、 countless rescues during the earthquake. 營救隊在這次地震期間進行了無數(shù)次救援。3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克把溺水的男孩救了起來。重點用法rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把.從營救出來come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援隊a rescue mission 救援任務(wù) rescue workers 救援人員練習(xí) 用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空1). The mother, along wi

12、th her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship.2). The firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday. 3. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計典例 1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過去是一名法官。2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鑒別酒的專家。3). The blind cant judge colors. 盲人無法判斷顏色。4

13、). Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。重點用法judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過判斷as far as I judge 我認(rèn)為judging from 從來看， 根據(jù)判斷練習(xí) 用與judge相關(guān)的詞匯填空1). _his appearance, he must be a rich man.2). _ , he must be from the south.4. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時常用復(fù)數(shù)）典例 1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 颶風(fēng)

14、使這里所有的房屋成為廢墟。2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。重點用法be in ruins 呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to ruin 毀滅，落空 ruin oneself 自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅練習(xí) 中譯英1). 那建筑物已成斷壁殘垣。_2). 那教堂已破敗不堪。_ 重點詞組 1. right away 立刻，馬上典例1).Ill return the book to you right away. 我會馬上還書給你。2). If war brea

15、ks out, we shall be called up right away. 如果戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，我們將立即被征召服役。短語歸納“立刻，馬上”的表達方式：right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time練習(xí) 中譯英請立刻把它打印出來。2. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)（= finished）典例1). The war was finally at an end. 戰(zhàn)爭終于結(jié)束了。短語歸納與end搭配的常用短語 at the end of 在末尾by the end of 在末為止in the end 最后，終于at a loose en

16、d 無所事事，處于雜亂狀態(tài)make ends meet 收支相抵練習(xí) 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。1). How many English words have you learned _ last term?2). He became an outstanding doctor _.3). My uncle will fly to China _ this year.3. instead of 代替，而不是典例1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中

17、國人不用刀叉,用筷子。2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。短語歸納instead 是副詞，單獨使用，用于句首或句末作狀語，意為“代替；相反”。instead of 是復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或動名詞，其后面的動作，意為“代替、而不”。in place of 為介詞短語，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of則是

18、“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，還有對乙作否定的意思，有時意為“不”。take the place of 作謂語，用在名詞、代詞前。練習(xí) 單項選擇。1). Tractors _ horses in many places. A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of 2). You should be out playing _ working indoors all day. A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of4. te

19、ns of thousands of 數(shù)以萬計的典例 1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.短語歸納hundreds of數(shù)百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的thousands of數(shù)千的 millions of數(shù)百萬的dozens of許多； 大量scores of 許多； 大量練習(xí) 選擇填空1). Every year _ foreign visitors come to China.A. t

20、ens of thousands of B. ten thousands ofC. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands2). There were _ people in the hall.A. two scores of B. scores ofC. two and score D. two scoresV重點句子 1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。 解釋 這句話中的looking for places to hide 是作ran

21、out of the fields 的伴隨狀況，這是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式的一個用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，有時可由連詞when, while引出。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如：Not knowing

22、his address, I cant send this book to him. 因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。 Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night. 因為非常激動，那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。 （3）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。如： His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into piec

23、es. 她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 （4）現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如： They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他們在那兒站了半小時，觀察著天上的星星。 Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。（5）現(xiàn)在分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。如： A person standing at

24、the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small. 一個人如站在大山的腳下會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。 注：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語。（6）“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況或時間、原因等。如： His hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。

25、 Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。 練習(xí) 中譯英1). 因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。_2). 沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。_2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。解釋All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的學(xué)生都知道如何解決個問題。I

26、 dont know all of them. 我并不認(rèn)識他們所有的人。表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副詞not連用時表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：Everyone doesnt like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. 并非每個人都喜歡這個故事。Nobody likes the story. 沒人喜歡這個故事。Both of the students dont like the s

27、tory. 并非這兩個學(xué)生這個故事。Neither of the students likes the story. 這兩個學(xué)生都不喜歡這個故事。練習(xí) 中譯英1). 并非這兩個學(xué)生這個故事。_2). 這兩個學(xué)生都不喜歡這個故事。_課文要點1課文詞匯等填空根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened. A 1 (有味道的) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve). At 3:00 a.m.,

28、everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at 3 end. In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in 4 (廢墟), and the number of people 5 (受傷的) or killed reached more than 400,000. Water, food and 6 (electric) were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use) pieces of steel. But all hope was not

29、lost. The rescue team 8 (organize) by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者) and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸) again.3課文佳句背誦與仿寫 1.【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。模仿要點 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：由which引導(dǎo)的非

30、限制性定語從句【模仿1】李宇春現(xiàn)象超越了她的聲音，即使最狂熱歌迷們也承認(rèn)她的聲音是非常弱的。_【模仿2】據(jù)報道，心臟病和癌癥成了中年人的頭號殺手，這給我們敲響了警鐘。_2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的師內(nèi)醫(yī)院，75%的工廠和建筑物，90%的家園都消失了。模仿要點 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)字+of which/whom 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句【模仿1】從七月上旬開始, 20天的干旱和高溫 襲擊了重慶的人們, 其中50%

31、 的人們處于嚴(yán)重缺水狀態(tài)。 _【模仿2】參加奧運會吉祥物競選的參與者有662人，其中611人來自中國大陸，12人來自香港，澳門和臺灣，39人來自國外。_單元自測 1完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從2130各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。字?jǐn)?shù)：192完成時間：14分鐘難度：* The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自動售貨機) prepare for a July regulation

32、requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 1 to identify age by studying facial features. By having the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 3 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure a

33、nd skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said. "With face 4 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 5 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could

34、be 6 as well," Yamamoto said. But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 7 . Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 10 , and baby-faced a

35、dults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.1. A. system B. machineC. program D. monitor2. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted3. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare4. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression5. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors6. A.

36、 avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved7. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread8. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly9. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users10. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer2語法填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填

37、寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為31-40的相應(yīng)位置上。字?jǐn)?shù)：202完成時間：10分鐘難度：* Wang Hong was born in 1985 in Guangzhou, China. Even when she was a baby, she loved to draw lines everywhere. 1 (see) this, her father decided to help her. He gave her paint, brushes and paper. She practised hard 2 improved very quickly. Soon her lines became

38、flowers, trees and animals. Some of her pictures 3 (show) in an art exhibition in Shanghai at the age of 4. By the age of six, Wang Hong 4 (make) over 4,000 paintings. She loved to draw animals, especially monkey and cats. 5 her father was good at drawing, he didn't give her any art lessons. He

39、even stopped painting his own pictures. 6 , he often took the little girl to parks and zoos to get ideas for her work. 7 this way, Wang Hong developed her own style of painting 8 bright colours. All her pictures were different from others. At the age of 8, 9 of her monkey paintings was made into a C

40、hinese stamp. Later, she started to draw pictures of country scenery and people. And when she was just 14, she became the youngest person to have 10 (person) shows in Washington D.C. and many other cities around the world.Unit 4 Earthquakes答案I詞語辨析 1. congratulate / celebrate 答案: 1). congratulate2).

41、celebrate 2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm答案:1). cheated2). fool3. rise / raise / lift答案: 1). raised2). Lift3). rise4. hurt / injure / wound答案: 1). wounded2). injured 3). hurtII詞性變化 答案: 1) nations2) national3) Frightened4) was frightened 5) frightening6) suffered7) sufferers8) suffering 重點詞匯 1. bur

42、st v.&n. 爆裂, 爆發(fā), 突然破裂 練習(xí) 中譯英答案: 1).Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.2). The sun burst through the clouds.2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，營救 練習(xí) 用rescue的適當(dāng)形式填空答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued3. judge n.&v. 法官，鑒賞家，裁判，判斷，估計 練習(xí) 用與judge相關(guān)的詞匯填空答案: 1). Judging2). In her judgment4. ruin v.&n.

43、毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟（名詞時常用復(fù)數(shù)） 練習(xí) 中譯英1). 那建筑物已成斷壁殘垣。答案: 1). The building is in ruins. 2). The church has fallen into ruin. 重點詞組 1. right away 立刻，馬上 練習(xí) 中譯英答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.2.at the end 練習(xí) 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。答案: 1). by the end of 2). in the end3). at the end

44、of3. instead of 代替，而不是 練習(xí) 單項選擇。答案:1). B2). D4. tens of thousands of 數(shù)以萬計的 練習(xí) 選擇填空答案: 1). A2). BV重點句子 練習(xí) 中譯英答案:1). Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破滅了。 練習(xí) 中譯英答案:1). Both of the students

45、 dont like the story.2). Neither of the students likes the story.課文要點1課文詞匯等填空答案：1. smelly2. nervous3. an4. ruins5. injured6. electricity7. useless8. organized9. survivors10. breathe3課文佳句背誦與仿寫 【模仿1】李宇春現(xiàn)象超越了她的聲音，即使最狂熱歌迷們也承認(rèn)她的聲音是非常弱的。答案：The Li Yuchun phenomenon, however, goes far beyond her voice, which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak【模仿2】據(jù)報道，心臟病和癌癥成了中年人的頭號殺手，這給我們敲響了警鐘。答案：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the