定語從句之關(guān)系代詞用法及專項練習

1、定語從句 一（關(guān)系代詞的用法）一.定語從句概念1. 定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句， 一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面2. 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。3. 關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系_ :有_,_,_ ,_,_ ,_ 等；關(guān)系_:有_,_,_ 。關(guān)系詞常有 3 個作用：引導定語從句。 代替先行詞。 在定語從句中充當一個成分。注意：根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間 有無逗號隔開，定語從句分為限制性和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式不用逗號和主句隔開用逗號和主句隔開意義是先仃詞不可缺少的疋語，不能刪除是對先仃 詞的補充說明刪除后意思仍完整

2、譯法翻譯成先行詞的定語，“的”通常翻譯成主句的并列句限制性定語從句舉例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only pers on that I could depe nd on.(2) Chi na is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) Chi na, which was foun ded in 1949, is beco ming more and more pow

3、erful. 要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always en courages him to go to college. 他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。(他還有其他的哥哥)(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always en courages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。(他只有一個哥哥)二.引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞1. who 指_ ，在從句中充當_(1) The boys who are playi ng footba

4、ll are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.(3) In the meeti ng I saw Mr. Smith who I met in my birthday party.2. whom 指_ 在定語從句中充當 _ ，?？墒÷浴?1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意： 關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語和非正式語

5、體中常用 who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指_ ，在定語從句中做 _ 或者 _，做_時可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that 指人時，相當于_ 者_;指物時，相當于_ 。在定語從句中做_或者_，做_ 時可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit

6、 the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做 _(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The

7、classroom, the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom, of which the door is broken will soon be repaired. 【詳細講解】I. .關(guān)系代詞 thatthat 和 whichwhich 的用法(一)限制性定語從句只能用 that 的幾種情況：1 .當先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等不定 代詞時，或者是由 every, an

8、y, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.2. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited

9、 in London was the Big Ben.3. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當形容詞被 the very, the only, just 修飾時(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.5. 當先行詞前面有 who, which 等疑問代詞時(1) Who is the man t

10、hat is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?(二) 當先行詞指事 /物時 , 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞必須用 which 的情況 :1. 在非限制性定語從句中，只用 which(1) Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which made the

11、others envy him.(2) He always stays at home at weekend, which his brother thinks is unbelievable.2. 當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用 which(1) This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. 注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系 代詞之前。(2) This is the pen which (/that) Im looking for.(三) 關(guān)系代詞 who, whom 和 whose 的用法1. 先行詞

12、指人，在從句中作主語時，用 who；(1) She is the girl who/that lives next door.2. 當先行詞為 those 時，用 who；(2) Those who will join in my birthday party are my best friends.3. 在 There be 句型中主語作為先行詞指人時，用who；(3) There is a great man who saved his country with his partners.4. 先行詞指人，在從句中作賓語時，可以用whom 和 who;(4) Thatsthe girl w

13、hom/who/that I teach.5. 在定語從句中做定語時，用 whose。(5) This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(6) This is the house whose window broke last night.n. .關(guān)系代詞 asas 引導的定語從句關(guān)系代詞 as 既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句，as 在從句中做主語、賓語或表語。(一) 引導限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：1. such +名詞+ as像.一樣的，像.之類的the same +名詞 + as和.同樣的其中關(guān)

14、系代詞 as 在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語。(1) We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(2) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(3) He is not the same man as he was ten years ago.注意：suchas引導的定語從句與 suchthat引導的狀語從句的區(qū)別：(1) He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(2) He is such a

15、clever boy that everyone likes him.2. such as such 為代詞，意為“這樣的人或物” ；as 在從句中作成分，修飾先行詞 such。(1) This book is not such as I expect.(二)關(guān)系代詞 as 和 which 引導的定語從句的區(qū)別as 和 which 引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. as 和 which 都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/w

16、hich we can see.2. as 引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句； as 有 正如，正像”的意思which 引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。意為“這一點” 。(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than seve

17、ral times, which I donbelieve.t注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用 which；(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.當非限制性定語從句的賓語是一個復合結(jié)構(gòu)時，只能用 which。(6) Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.3. 當先行詞受 such, the same 修飾時，常用 as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(

18、2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當先行次由 the same 修飾時，偶爾也用 that 引導定語從句，但是和由 as 所引導的定語 從句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿著她在 MARY 婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore 也穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。專項練習1用t

19、hat, which, who, whom, whose, as填空1. Is there anything _ you dont understand about the problem?2. All the presents _ your friends gave you on your birthday should beput away.3. The number of people _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.4. He was late for the opening ceremony, _ was very surprising

20、 to me.5. Those _ cut down the trees should be punished.6. This is so interesting a book _ we all like.7. He gave me some novels with _ I am not very familiar.8. There are many children _ are playing toys on the playground.9. He is no longer the one _ he used to be.10. The river _ banks are covered

21、with trees flows to the sea.11. Jack has won the first prize, _ often happens.12. The worst matter _ Im afraid of happened in the end.13. He failed to make his plan on time, which was strange for his boss.14. This is the very book _ I have been looking for.15. This teacher, with _ son I work, is lik

22、ed by all the students.仿寫練習組句：將下面句子連成一句話。1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.3. She was talking with a lady. Her son was ill.4. The clothes have been cleaned.Im wearing them.5. He is sitting in a chair. It is broken.強化訓練 把下列中文用定語從句翻譯成英文。1.他在中國參觀的第一個

23、博物館是歷史博物館。2.你有任何關(guān)于這個主題的信息都發(fā)給我吧。3.不到長城非好漢。4.那條兩邊都是樹的河一直流向海洋。5.媽媽給我買了臺電腦作為生日禮物,這正是我所渴望的6.掌握一門外語很有用,這是大家公認的。定語從句 二(介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here

24、a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/thato/w) hwe have often talked about.(6) We ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，女如: look for, look after,

25、 take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用 who 或者 that;指物時用 which，不能用 that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用 whose.(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F

26、)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)(5) Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine. (T)3. 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 ”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, fe 等代 詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents

27、deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. 復合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞 which”引導的定語從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導的定語從 句常與先行詞用逗號隔開 ,定語從句常用倒裝語序。He lived in a big house, in front of

28、 which stood a big tall tree.總結(jié)： 判斷介詞的方法有以下三種：(1 )看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞 (習慣搭配 )(2) 先行詞放在從句中需不需要添介詞(3) 通過整個句子整體含義來判斷專項練習2用”介詞+關(guān)系代詞 ”填空1. They held a meeting, _ the hospital director made a speech.2. The book, _ he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.3. Is this the man _ house the police found the lost coloured TV?

29、4. Wu Dong, _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.5. The stories about Long March, _ this is one example, are wellwritten.單項選擇6. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well?A. in front of itB. in front of whoseC. in front of whichD. in front which7. The woman _ my brother spoke j

30、ust now is my teacher.A. whoB. to whomC. to whoD. whom8. His glasses, _ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. which B. with which C. without which D. that9. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. none of themD. neither of them10. The Second

31、 World War _ millions of people were killed was in 1945.A. during which B. in that C. whereD. on which11. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose12. The dictionary, _ I paid 80 dollars, was stolen.A. which

32、B. thatC. for whichD. to which13. Grandma Liang has two sons, _ are soldiers.A. two of whomB. whomC. both of whomD. one of them14. He arrived half an hour late, _ made use unhappy.A. that B. as C. what D. which15. Jane, _ sisters are famous models in the world, will attend theimportant ceremony.A. w

33、ith who B. with whichC. with whomD. with whose仿寫練習用介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式把下列句子翻譯成英文。1. Jim是我的外教，從他身上我學到了很多有用的東西。2.我喜歡窗子朝南的房子3.他給了我?guī)妆疚也惶煜さ母枨?.中國有許多大河流，其中長江和黃河是最重要的河流。5.他有兩個兄弟，沒有一個是教師。綜合強化訓練1. It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.A. who B. which C. that D. as2. I wish to thank Profess

34、or Smith, without _ help I would never havegot this far.A. who B. whose C. whom D. that3. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made intotelevision series.A. them B. that C. which D. as4. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improvedover the past two months.A. that

35、B. it C. as D. what5. Mrs. Lee will move into the new house next Monday, _ it will becompletely finished.A. by which time B. by that time C. by this time D. by the time6. He is such a lovely student _ everyone loves.A. as B. who C. that D. whom7. The stude nt that teacher thinks best played trua nt逃

36、學）yesterday,_made the teacher very disappointed.A. as B. thatC. whichD. who8. Have you seen the book _ is yellow?A. the cover of itB. which coverC. the cover of whichD. whichs cover9. _ is known to us all that China has the largest population in the world.A. AsB. WhichC. ThatD. It10. Ellen was paint

37、er of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, hadwithdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. thatD. whom11. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of lifeshould be considered.A. that B. in that C. which D. in which12. A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered

38、, is happening in thefirst year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. whichD. this13. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget allabout eating or sleeping.A. that B. which C. who D. what14. In our class there are 46 students, _ half were glasses.A. in whom B. in themC. of whomD. of them15. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you receivedgifts?A. which B. them C. that D. whom16. The p