同位與定從區(qū)別（課堂PPT）

1、1同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別JoyWednesday, March 11, 20092同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面: 1. 從詞類上區(qū)別 同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞 而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞 代詞 主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句 3 如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force wi

2、ll work at home is often discussed.人們經(jīng)常討論大多數(shù)勞動(dòng)力將會(huì)在家里工作的可能性 (同位語(yǔ)從句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我們正在調(diào)查的問(wèn)題不是他是否值得信賴的問(wèn)題 (同位語(yǔ)從句) Word came that he had been abroad. 據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)出國(guó)了 (同位語(yǔ)從句) 4 1.Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興 (定語(yǔ)從句) 2.The

3、 doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面(定語(yǔ)從句) 3.His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí) (定語(yǔ)從句,代詞all作先行詞 ) 52. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別 定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇 如: The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊(duì)贏了

4、那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的 (同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息 ) 6 2.The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的 (定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ) ) 3.I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我許諾如果誰(shuí)讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有 (同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise到底是一個(gè)什么諾言 ) 7 4. The mother made a promise that pleased all h

5、er children. 媽媽做出了一個(gè)令她的孩子們高興的許諾 (定語(yǔ)從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語(yǔ) ) 83. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別 有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮 (同位語(yǔ)從句) I 9 I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事 (同位語(yǔ)從句) 引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般

6、作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略 that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來(lái)代替 10 1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天收到了 (同位語(yǔ)從句,是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略 ) 2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should sen

7、d a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組 (定語(yǔ)從句,是名詞order的修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ),可以省略 ) 11 1. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004上海春季高考) A. which B. that C. what D. whether 2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春季高考) A. as B. which C. what D. that12 3. Luckily,wed br