5.常見語流現(xiàn)象:連讀、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱讀_第1頁
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1、連讀、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱讀、濁化英語常見語流現(xiàn)象1.連讀:兩個(gè)相鄰單詞首尾音素自然的拼讀在一起,中間不停頓,被稱為連讀。連讀只發(fā)生在同一意群之內(nèi),即意思聯(lián)系緊密的短語或從句之內(nèi)。1)詞尾輔音+詞首元音,如:Sta nd?up.Not?at?all.Put?it?o n, please.Please pick?it?up.I m?an?E nglish boy.It?is?an?old book.Let me have?a look?at?it.Ms Black worked in ?an?office.I called you half?an?hour?ago.2)詞尾不發(fā)音 r 或

2、re+詞首元音,詞尾 r 發(fā)音/r/。女口:far?awayHere?is a letter for you.Here?are four?eggs.where?is my cup?Where?are your brothe?a nd sister?Theyre my father?a nd mother.I looked for?it here?a nd there.There?is a football un der?it.There?are some books on the desk.注:當(dāng)有意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)不可連讀。女口:Is?it a hat or?a cat?( hat 與 or 之

3、間不可以連讀)There?is?a good book in my desk. ( book 與 in 之間不可以連讀)Can you spea?English or French? (English 與 or 之間不可以連讀)Shall we meet at?eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet 與 at, eight 與 or 之間 不可以連讀)She opened the door and walkedn. (door 與 and 之間不可以連讀)2. 加音:在連貫的語流中,人們往往會(huì)在兩個(gè)元音之間加入一個(gè)外加音幫助發(fā)音,從而更 加流暢地表達(dá)意思。1)

4、 詞尾元音/?,u:/+詞首元音,在詞尾加上一個(gè)輕微的/w/。如:Go w away.How w and why did you come here?The questi on is too w easy for him to an swer.2) 詞尾元音/?,i:/+詞首元音,在詞尾加上一個(gè)輕微的 j。如:I j am Chinese.She cant carryjit.I j_also n eed thejother one.He j_js very frie ndly to me.She wants to studyjE nglish.Itll take you three j hou

5、rs to walk there.3. 失去爆破與不完全爆破:1)失去爆破:爆破音+爆破音當(dāng)兩個(gè)爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/相鄰時(shí),前一個(gè)爆破音只按其發(fā)音部位做好發(fā)音口形、形成阻礙,而不爆破出來,稍微停頓后即發(fā)出后面的輔音。前一個(gè)爆破音被稱為 失去爆破。失去爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體上是由于省力原則造成的。如:Kepi/Blackboard/Notebook/Goodbye/September/SuilcaseBig_boySharp_pe ncilWhat timeYou must_pay.Ask Bob to sit_behind me.She took good care of the ch

6、ildre n.2)不完全爆破:A)爆破音+摩擦音爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/與摩擦音/f,v,s,z,?,?,B,e,r,相/鄰時(shí),產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。發(fā)摩擦音 時(shí),發(fā)音器官并不形成阻礙而只形成一個(gè)很狹小的縫隙,讓氣流從縫隙中摩擦而 出。如果一個(gè)爆破音與摩擦音相接,它爆破沖出的氣流只能從狹小的縫隙中通過,這種爆破是不完全的。失去爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體上是由于省力原則造成的。如: Adva nce/SuccessA good viewOld_frie ndsJust the nGet throughMake sureNight showKeep_sile nee.Keep that in mind

7、.B)爆破音+破擦音爆破音與破擦音/t?,d?,tr,dr/相鄰時(shí),產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。如:Picture/ObjectThat childGoodjobSweeLdreamGreai_cha ngesA fastirainC) 爆破音+鼻輔音爆破音與鼻輔音/m,n,?/相鄰時(shí):在詞中,不完全爆破;在詞尾,鼻腔爆破。如:Utmost/Admit/Mid ni ght/Certai n/Butto n/GardenGood morningGood nightStart nowI don tnowJust mome ntA good-neighborD)爆破音+邊輔音爆破音與邊輔音/I/相鄰時(shí):在詞中

8、,不完全爆破;在詞尾,舌側(cè)爆破。如:Latefy/Badly/Mostly/Frie ndlyA bitJouderI d_like toStraightJi neGoodjuckAtjastAtJu nch4.同化:人們?cè)谡f話的時(shí)往往會(huì)不自覺地讓一個(gè)音受相鄰音的影響,使它們變得與其相同或相似;或者兩個(gè)音互相影響,變?yōu)榈谌齻€(gè)音。這兩種現(xiàn)象被稱為音的同化。同化可以發(fā)生在同一個(gè)詞、復(fù)合詞內(nèi)或者句子相鄰詞之間。1)因聲帶的影響而發(fā)生的同化:A)濁輔音可變?yōu)榍遢o音,女口: of(vffcourse, his(zs)pen, with(e0) pleasuresB)清輔音可變?yōu)闈彷o音,如:like(k-

9、gthat。2)因發(fā)音部位的影響而發(fā)生的同化:A) /t/+/j/t 如:Don thurLyourself!I ll let_you go this time. Don_you do that aga in.Itsvery nice to meet_you.B)/d/+/j/Tld女口:Did your sister come?Would you please come in?Could you read this for me please?You did ntlike En glish, did you?C)/s/+/j/?A/如:I miss you.May God bless you

10、.We will come this year.D)/z/+/j/羅/如:Heres your ticket.I love you because_you are you.Don expect he tells you the truth.5.省音:在快速、隨便的言語中,一些音素被省略掉,被稱為省音。省音能提高語速,使 說話省力。在正式場(chǎng)合和語速慢的情況下,省音不是必須的。1)同一單詞內(nèi)元音的省略,主要是非重讀音節(jié)中的/?/和/?/,如:ord(i)n(a)ry。2)當(dāng)前一單詞以輔音結(jié)尾,后一單詞以/?/開頭時(shí),/?/常被省略,女口: walk (a)way3)當(dāng)前一單詞以否定形式-nt 結(jié)尾

11、,后一單詞以輔音開頭時(shí),/t/常被忽略,如: Sheisn (t) there.I did n (t) hear you.He can(t) believe that.4) 任何一個(gè)輔音,若后面緊跟著/h/,/h/可以不發(fā)音。如:Come (h)ere!Must (h)e /ti/ go?What will (h)e /wili/do?Has (h)e done it before?Tell (h)im to ask (h)er 5)將多個(gè)單詞利用連讀爆破等拼和在一起。如:gotta(got to)gonn a(go ing to)kin da(k ind of)lotsa(lots of)g

12、imme(give me)6.強(qiáng)讀式和弱讀式:在一個(gè)句子,有些詞說得又輕又快,而且較為含糊,有些詞則說得又重又慢,而 且較為清晰。那些說得響亮而清晰的詞就是句子重音所在。實(shí)詞(包括名詞、實(shí) 義動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞疑問詞等)一般都接受句子重音,為重讀詞,采用 強(qiáng)讀式;虛詞(包括介詞、代詞、連詞、冠詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等功能詞)一 般都不接受句子重音,為非重讀詞,采用弱讀式。6.1 一般規(guī)律:1)弱讀式只出現(xiàn)在句子的非重讀詞中。如:Pass me/m?/ the/e?/ book. me、the 弱讀。2) 單詞單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)或在句首或句尾時(shí), 都采用強(qiáng)讀式。 如:What are you list

13、e ning to/tu:/?3)被特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞,無論實(shí)詞還是虛詞都采用強(qiáng)讀式。如:I am/?m/ Peter.我 就是皮特。6.2 虛詞弱讀規(guī)律:1)長(zhǎng)音變短音,如:she/?i:/弱讀/?/。2)元音前面的輔音被省略,如:him/h?m/弱讀/?m/。3)輔音前面的元音被省略,如:am/?m/弱讀/m/。4) 元音一般弱讀為/?/,如:can/k?n/弱讀/k?n/。5) 部分虛詞有多種弱讀式,如:would/w?d/弱讀/?d,d/。7.濁化:1) /s/后面的清輔音要濁化。女口:/k/ 濁化成 /g/: scar/school/discussi on/t/ 濁化成 /d/: sta

14、nd/stude nt/mistake/p/濁化成 /b/: spri ng/spirit/expressi on2) 美音中,當(dāng)/t/出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)元音之間并且處于非重讀位置的時(shí)候,/t/需要濁化 成一個(gè)近似于/d/的音。這樣,writer 聽起來和 rider 的發(fā)音幾乎沒有區(qū)別。如:Letter/water/better/duty/bitter/cityI got it.Would you please pick it up?注:/t/如果處于重讀位置的話,即使在兩個(gè)元音之間也不需要濁化。請(qǐng)比較:清晰的/t/濁化的/t/Italia nItalyatomicatomLat inoLat in

15、photographerphotograph3) 美音中,當(dāng)/t/前面是一個(gè)元音,后面是一個(gè)模糊的/l/,且處于非重讀位置,/t/ 也需要濁化成一個(gè)近似于/d/的音。如:Battle/bottle/cattle/little/rattle/settle4) 美音中,當(dāng)/t/前面是一個(gè)清輔音或前鼻音/n/,后面是一個(gè)元音,且處于非丄 讀位置,/t/也需要濁化成一個(gè)近似于/d/的音。如:Twen ty/fifty/ce nter/after/faster/actor/sister/yesterday朗讀練習(xí):1. There are many things to consider when you

16、 are looking for a house, whether you intend to buyor only rent. After all, it is going to be your home, perhaps for quite a long time, and you want tobe happy with it. You have to decide exactly whatkind of house you want, how much you can afford to pay, and the type ofneighborhood you wish to live

17、 in. However, it s always easy to forget all above,because it s most probably thou lfall i n love with the house for sale at the first sight.2. YouthYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality

18、of the imagination, avigor of the emoti ons; it is the fresh ness of the deep spri ngs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite foradve nture over the love of ease. This ofte n exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twe nty.Nobody grows old merely by a nu mber of years. We grow old by desert ing our ideals.Years may wrin kle the skin, but to give up en thusiasm wrin kles the soul. Worry,fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.Whet

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