初高中英語語法銜接——代詞

1、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)（1）常見代詞類型的基本用法；）常見代詞類型的基本用法；（2）易混不定代詞的區(qū)別；）易混不定代詞的區(qū)別；（3） it的用法的用法學(xué)情分析學(xué)情分析（1）對(duì)代詞的基本功能和用法掌握）對(duì)代詞的基本功能和用法掌握不扎實(shí)；不扎實(shí)； （2）在使用時(shí)，未判斷所指代內(nèi)容，）在使用時(shí)，未判斷所指代內(nèi)容，單憑語感解題；單憑語感解題；（3）易混代詞的用法特點(diǎn)不能把握。）易混代詞的用法特點(diǎn)不能把握。 代詞代詞 （ The Pronoun）用來代替名詞或）用來代替名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或句子的詞。相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或句子的詞。代詞分為代詞分為九類九類： 人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、人稱代詞、物主

2、代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞指示代詞、疑問代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞。、關(guān)系代詞。 數(shù)數(shù) 人人 稱稱類別類別單數(shù)單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一一二二三三一一二二三三主格主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem漢語漢語我我你你他他她她它它我們我們你們你們他們他們一、人稱代詞一、人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)二、物主代詞二、物主代詞(Possessive Pronouns) 表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞 數(shù)數(shù) 人稱人稱 類別類別 單數(shù)單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 一一二二三三一一二二三三形容詞性

3、形容詞性物主代詞物主代詞 myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物名詞性物主代詞主代詞 mine yours hishers itsoursyours theirs漢語漢語 我的我的 你的你的他他的的她她的的它它的的我們我們的的你們你們的的他們的他們的常用形容詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成的固定短語常用形容詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成的固定短語 do ones homework do/ try ones best lose one way hold ones breath make up ones mind earn ones living make ones way try ones luck/

4、fortune 一路前進(jìn)一路前進(jìn)三、反身代詞三、反身代詞 人人 稱稱 數(shù)數(shù)第第一人稱一人稱 第第二人稱二人稱第第三人稱三人稱單單數(shù)數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself herself itself復(fù)復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)ourselves yourselvesthemselves 反身代詞的習(xí)慣搭配反身代詞的習(xí)慣搭配 介詞反身代詞介詞反身代詞 for oneself 為自己；親自地為自己；親自地 to oneself 對(duì)自己；獨(dú)用對(duì)自己；獨(dú)用 of oneself 自動(dòng)地自動(dòng)地 by oneself 獨(dú)自地獨(dú)自地反身代詞常用固定短語反身代詞常用固定短語 dress oneself help onese

5、lf enjoy oneself teach oneself devote oneself to seat oneself come to onself behave oneself abandon oneself to致力于致力于坐下坐下恢復(fù)知覺恢復(fù)知覺1. Your car is bigger than mine, but mine is newer than_.2. Shall _ go to the park by car ?3. -Whos _ speaking? - _ is Peter speaking.4. The pen is hers. She wrote her name

6、 with it _.5. Thats not his. It is_. I made it myself.6. The public expressed_ concern about the accident.yourswe / IthatThisherselftheirmine四、指示代詞四、指示代詞 This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.I love these books but I dont like those.近指近指遠(yuǎn)指遠(yuǎn)指單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)五、相互代詞五、相互代詞 each other one another

7、We all eager to learn from each other.People should love one another.六、疑問代詞六、疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, whatWho is he ?Whom / Who are you writing to ?Whose bag is this ?I found two books . Which is yours?What has happened?-What is your father?-He is a doctor.Whats the weather like in summer? 七、不定代

8、詞七、不定代詞不明確指代某個(gè)人或物不明確指代某個(gè)人或物 不定代詞主要有：不定代詞主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。等。 還有由還有由some、any、no和和every構(gòu)成合成代詞。構(gòu)成合成代詞?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 some & any , many & much, (a) few & (a) little1. Would you like _ tea?2. -Why didnt you ask _people to he

9、lp you? -Because there werent _people in the room.3. How _people are going to the Great Wall?4. -How_does this pair of shoes cost? -100 yuan.5. The students dont have too_homework to do.6. I dont want more milk, because there is sill_in my glass.7. We had _rain all summer. Its very dry.8. _people ca

10、n live up to be 100, but _people can live to be 150.someanymanymuchmucha littlelittleA fewfewsome知識(shí)生成1. some 通常用于肯定句，通常用于肯定句，any 通常用于否定句通常用于否定句和疑問句。表示和疑問句。表示“一些一些”。 some可用于表示請(qǐng)求的疑問句中?？捎糜诒硎菊?qǐng)求的疑問句中。 any 用于肯定句中表示用于肯定句中表示“任何一個(gè)任何一個(gè)”。2. many 修飾可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞， much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。修飾不可數(shù)名詞。3. few a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞，lit

11、tle a little修飾修飾不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞。 few little 表示表示“很少很少”，具有否定意義。，具有否定意義。 a few a little 表示表示“少許少許”，具有肯定意義。，具有肯定意義?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 none&neither，all&both， either&any1. Ive lived in New York and Chicago，but dont like_of them very much.Aeither B.any C.each Danother2. Its an either-or situationwe can buy a n

12、ew car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do_. Aothers Beither Canother D. both3. There are many doctors in the room, but I know _of them.4. _of his parents is lazy.noneNeither知識(shí)生成1none表示表示_； neither表示表示_。2all表示表示_； both表示表示_。3any表示表示_； either表示表示_。三者或三者以上都不三者或三者以上都不三者或三者以上都三者或三者以上都兩者都不兩者

13、都不三者或三者以上中任何一個(gè)三者或三者以上中任何一個(gè)兩者中任何一個(gè)。兩者中任何一個(gè)。兩者都兩者都考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 something , anything, everything, nothing1. I have _important to tell you.2. Do you want _from the shops?3. He is always helping people without expecting _in return.4. Do you have _ready for the party, Mary?5. I got this bicycle for_：My friend ga

14、ve it to me when she bought a new one.somethingsomethinganythingeverythingnothing something “某事，某物某事，某物”，用在肯定句或表示，用在肯定句或表示建議、請(qǐng)求并希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中。建議、請(qǐng)求并希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中。 anything “某事物某事物”，用于否定或疑問句中。，用于否定或疑問句中。 “任何事物任何事物”，用于肯定句。，用于肯定句。 everything “每件事，所有事每件事，所有事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，用在否定句中，表示部分否定。用在否定句中，表示部分否定。 nothi

15、ng “沒有任何東西，沒有事沒有任何東西，沒有事”，表示全部，表示全部否定。否定。知識(shí)生成考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4another，the other，others，the others, other1. I dont want this one. Please give me _.2. Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is _.3. She has two children. One is a boy，_is a girl.4. Some say yes，and _ say no. 有人說對(duì)，有人說不對(duì)。有人說對(duì)，有人說不對(duì)。5

16、.There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls，_ are boys.6. Ill come again some other day. 我改日再來。我改日再來。anotheranotherthe otherothersthe others知識(shí)生成1other作作_，修飾，修飾_。2another用于泛指用于泛指_所修飾所修飾名詞前不加冠詞。名詞前不加冠詞。3the other表示表示_，是特指。，是特指。4others用作代詞，泛指用作代詞，泛指_。5the others指指_ _。前置定語前置定語單數(shù)或

17、復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞三者以上的不定數(shù)目中的三者以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另一個(gè)另一個(gè)” 兩者中的兩者中的“另一個(gè)另一個(gè)”或或兩部分中的兩部分中的“另一部分另一部分”“其他人其他人”或或“其他物其他物”整體中除去一部分后，剩余的全部整體中除去一部分后，剩余的全部You are a team star！Working with _is really your cup of tea. Aboth Bother Cothers Dthe other考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5 none，nothing，no one的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 No one knows anything when he or she is born. He

18、 has many friends，but none can really help him when he is in trouble. None of us went to the concert last night. Nothing can stop us marching forward. How many students in your class went to the lecture? None. Who did you see enter the lonely house. Nobody(no one).知識(shí)生成 no one單獨(dú)使用，只用于指人。單獨(dú)使用，只用于指人。no

19、thing意為意為“什么也沒有，沒有東西什么也沒有，沒有東西”，表示泛指概念。表示泛指概念。none可與由可與由of連接的人或物組成短語，連接的人或物組成短語，而而nothing，no one不可。不可。none回答回答How many.或或How much.的的問題，而問題，而no one (nobody)和和nothing則則分別用來回答分別用來回答Who.和和What.的問題的問題1. Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.

20、Asome Bneither Cnone Dall2. This project requires close teamwork._will be achieved unless we work well together. ANothing BAnything CSomething DEverything考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 it，one，that，those 1. I cant find my pen. Do you see it?2. I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.3. The population of China is a quart

21、er of that of the world.4. Life today is much better than that in the old days.5. The days in summer are longer than those in winter.1It所代替的是所代替的是_,而而one所所代替的是代替的是_， one_，用來代替，用來代替_，其復(fù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是數(shù)形式是ones。2that_。3those替代上文中提到的替代上文中提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞，既可指人，既可指人也可指物，也可指物，those指人時(shí)，后須跟定語。指人時(shí)，后須跟定語。上文提到的同一事物上文提到的同一事物

22、同類事物中的同類事物中的“一個(gè)一個(gè)”a/an名詞名詞the名詞，名詞，它既可代替它既可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，也可代替也可代替不可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞，其后總有修飾語，表示特指其后總有修飾語，表示特指 前面出現(xiàn)的前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞同一類中的一個(gè)，表示泛指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞同一類中的一個(gè)，表示泛指1. Your story is interesting，but I dont like_.2. I havent got a computer. I want to buy _next year.3. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than _in Harb

23、in in summer.4. There will come a day when all of us will be living in cities quite unlike _ of the present.itonethatthose（四）代詞（四）代詞itit的用法的用法 (1)指已提及的物品、事情、話語等。指已提及的物品、事情、話語等。 He bought a magazine and lent it to me. (2)指心中所想的人或事物。指心中所想的人或事物。 “Who is knocking on the door？” “It must be my brother.” (

24、3)指天氣狀況、自然現(xiàn)象、時(shí)間、距離等。指天氣狀況、自然現(xiàn)象、時(shí)間、距離等。 It was almost two oclock when he came back home. (4)指小孩子。指小孩子。 The child smiled when it saw its mother. (5)指生活或身體狀況。指生活或身體狀況。 How is it going with you？ (6)用于某些習(xí)語中。用于某些習(xí)語中。 I got it. Thats it.就這樣了。就這樣了。 At last weve made it.我們終于成功了我們終于成功了作形式主語或賓語作形式主語或賓語 Its ill

25、egal to drive without a license. It is no use arguing with him. It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help. We found it useless arguing with him. I feel it necessary to learn every day. I made it a rule to keep a diary. I d appreciate it if you can pay in cash.It作形式主語或賓語代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。作形式主語或賓語代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。組成特定句型