Chapter 7 Language Change

1、Chapter 7 Language Change語言演變語言演變/演化演化7.1 IntroductionWhat is historical linguistics? (歷史語言學(xué))7.2 Phonological changes1. True or False: Not all aspects of languages phonology are subject to change over time.2. Two major types of segment change are _ and _.7.3 Morphological and syntactic change7.3.1 A

2、ddition of affixes7.3.2 Loss of affixes7.3.3 Change of word order7.3.4 Change in negation rule7.3.1 Addition of affixes1. what is grammaticalization? 語法化2. What is fusion? 融合7.3.2 Loss of affixesCase-marking格標記Gender-marking性標記7.3.3 Change of word order7.3.4 Change in negation rule7.4 Lexical and se

3、mantic change7.4.1 Addition of new words7.4.2 Loss of words7.4.3 Semantic changes7.4.1 Addition of new words1. coinage: definition and examples2. clipped words: definition and examples3. blending: definition and examples4. acronyms: definition and examples5. back-formation: definition and examples6.

4、 conversion: definition and examples7. borrowing: definition and examples7.4.2 Loss of words 7.4.3 Semantic changes1. semantic broadening: examples2. semantic narrowing: examples3. semantic shift: examples7.5 Some recent trends7.5.1 Moving towards greater informality7.5.2 The influence of American English7.5.3 The influence of science and technology7.6 The causes of language change1.