完形填空技巧講解1

1、四級強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練系列 -完形填空英語四級完型填空：英語四級完型填空：解題方法及技巧解題方法及技巧根據(jù)四級考試大綱，完型填空滿分占710分的10%。其主要形式是在一篇約300詞的文章中留出20個空白，要求考生從每題給出的4個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案，使補(bǔ)全后的文章意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。本部分共20道題，考試時(shí)間為15分鐘，分值是占總分值710分的10。 從考查能力的重點(diǎn)看，其本質(zhì)上屬于閱讀理解，是以考查對文章的通篇理解和詞匯意義為主考查對文章的通篇理解和詞匯意義為主。單純從語法角度做出正確選擇的題不多，一般需要考生把握上下文語境的邏輯關(guān)系，掌握一定的常識，理解詞語的搭配等。從2005-2009年四

2、級考試的完形填空的文章體裁和內(nèi)容來看，文章的體裁主要是議論文和說議論文和說明文明文，各占了歷年考題的46.7%和40%，記敘文比重最小，為13.3%。文章的題材內(nèi)容主要以反映社會時(shí)事，介紹英美社會熱點(diǎn)話題為主。1大學(xué)英語四級考試的完形填空所測試的內(nèi)容大致分為4類：1)語境詞匯題；2)固定搭配題；3)語法結(jié)構(gòu)題；4)邏輯推理題。在大學(xué)英語四級考試的完形填空中，詞匯辨義題占大多數(shù)，一般都占30%，固定搭配與語法結(jié)構(gòu)一般都各占20%-25%，邏輯推理題占20%。 做完形題的程序：做完形題的程序：做完形題不能只憑感覺做題。錯誤的做題程序：按照題目順序，邊讀邊做；1.對整篇文章的全面理解2.對每個詞匯的

3、準(zhǔn)確使用可以先看一遍，填上確定的1/3,第二遍填全，有時(shí)間再復(fù)查一次。注意前線索，后線索，連環(huán)題。二十個空，能做對10-14個即可。完型填空題測試點(diǎn)主要在語法、詞法、理解、綜合、背景知識幾方面。具體講：語法題 語法：（占25）包括詞序、結(jié)構(gòu)詞(連詞、介詞的搭配)、動詞詞形(時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、動名詞、不定式、分詞)、不定代詞的用法、比較級的使用。這類題的選擇一般在句子里就可做出正確判斷。詞匯題詞匯題一般是實(shí)義詞，包括名(詞組)、形容詞、副詞等，不僅包括它們的同義詞、近義詞，而且還包括詞的搭配、習(xí)慣用法。選擇時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文，甚至在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上，往往不能根據(jù)一句話做出準(zhǔn)確的選擇，要防止“見樹不見

4、林”的現(xiàn)象。習(xí)慣用語詞義的辨析和使用語境詞匯1.語境把握語境線索是指上下文明示或暗示的信息，邏輯關(guān)系及語義關(guān)系。做這類題重要的是在選擇答案前認(rèn)真通讀上下文，不能只關(guān)注選擇空項(xiàng)所在的句子。A“瞻前”題E.g. An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, _ 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. (2007.6)A) injured B) ruined C) destroyed D) damaged4語境詞匯B.

5、“顧后”題E.g. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the _ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to come. (2006.6)A) practice B) outlook C) idea D) scheme5語境詞匯C.“瞻前顧后”題E.g. While mini-cars and luxury foreign br

6、ands are still popular, everything in between is 73 . Last year sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent _ if you dont count the mini-car market. (2009.6)73. A) surging B) stretching C) slipping D) shaking6語境詞匯2. 詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)E.g. The smokers _ a lot. In fact, the non-smokers who must breathe the air pollu

7、ted by tobacco smoke may suffer more than the smokers themselves. (1991)A. suffer B. endure C. tolerate D. bear 7語境詞匯同義詞或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)E.g. Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about _ an article or a service can actually A. reading B. purchasing C. browsi

8、ng D. borrowing8語境詞匯反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)E.g. Forcing yourself to recall (almost) never helps because it doesnt _ your memory; it only tightens it.A. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce9語境詞匯詞匯的共現(xiàn)關(guān)系詞匯的共現(xiàn)關(guān)系是指詞匯共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性。即在一定的語篇中，圍繞一定的主題的詞匯可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。E.g. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and _ of music has been shown to

9、influence behavior such as the 18 of time spent in supermarket (2007.12)A. step B. speed C. band D. volume10固定用法在大學(xué)英語四級考試完形填空中主要考查的固定搭配題包括名詞與介詞搭配，動詞與介詞搭配，形容詞與介詞搭配等。名詞與介詞搭配E.g. I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real mid-air medical emergency without access _ a hospital staff and the usu

10、al emergency equipment. (2005.12)A. for B. to C. by D. through11固定用法動詞與介詞的搭配E.g. Students can learn the right answer 82 heart in class, and yet never combine them 83 their working models of the world. (2001.1)82. A. to B. by C. in D. with83. A. with B. into C. to D. along12固定用法形容詞與介詞搭配E.g. Similarly

11、, consumers operating under a _ given mood state tend to react to stimulate in a direction 77 with that mood state. (2007.12)77. A. resistant B. persistent C. insistent D. consistent13固定用法常用其他短語E.g. 71 one sense, the effect of a consumers mood can be thought of in 72 the same way as can our reaction

12、 to the 73 behavior of our friends (2007.12)71. A. On B. Of C. In D. By72. A. thus B. much C. even D. still14語法結(jié)構(gòu)大學(xué)英語四級考試完形填空?？嫉恼Z法項(xiàng)目有：非謂語動詞，定語從句，名詞性從非謂語動詞，定語從句，名詞性從句，虛擬語氣，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)句，虛擬語氣，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)等。非謂語動詞動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分。它有三種形式：動詞不定式：to do;動詞的ing: doing;動詞的過去分詞：done15語法結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句定語從句主要考查關(guān)系詞，限制與非限制定語從

13、句的區(qū)別，定語從句的辨別等。1）關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, whose, as）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why）等。2）定語從句分為限制性和非限制性定語從句。非限制性定語從句用逗號分開，常用于書面語。E.g. You program the clock with the latest time at _ you want to be wakened, and it then duly (適時(shí)地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. (2006.6新)A. where B. th

14、is C. which D. that16語法結(jié)構(gòu)名詞性從句名詞性從句是指可以像名詞一樣在句子中充當(dāng)主語，表語，賓語的從句。根據(jù)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)是否在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分的情況，引導(dǎo)詞可以分為連接代詞（what, which, who, whom, whose），連接副詞（when, where, why, how），連詞（that），連詞（whether, if）。 要注意what的用法：What 作連接詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句既可表示一個問“什么”的問題， 也可以表示相當(dāng)于“名詞/代詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的意思。如：He is not what (=the person that)he

15、 was a few years ago.17語法結(jié)構(gòu)狀語從句狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí)起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語，非謂語動詞，定語，狀語或整個句子。根據(jù)其作用可以分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，目的，結(jié)構(gòu)，讓步，方式和比較等從句。E.g. _ happens, dont panic. (2005.12)A. Whatever B. Whichever C. Whenever D. Wherever18語法結(jié)構(gòu)虛擬語氣should +動詞原形在suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require,

16、decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令，建議，要求”的動詞后的賓語從句中，以及這些動詞對應(yīng)的名詞后的主語從句或表語從句中She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.19語法結(jié)構(gòu)在形容詞important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, a

17、dvisable, preferable, incredible以及短語no wonder, a pity等詞構(gòu)成的“It is +形容詞+that”句型中。如：It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made.一些能引起虛擬語氣的某些介詞，介詞短語和連詞，如：lest, in case, without, otherwise等。20語法結(jié)構(gòu)if或but for引導(dǎo)的條件句if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的用法but for= if it were not for / if it had not been for 21條件從句條件從句結(jié)

18、果從句結(jié)果從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動詞過去式（be動詞用 were）Would+動詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反Had+ 過去分詞（had done）Would have done與將來事實(shí)相反一 般 過 去 式 /w e re + 不 定 式/should+動詞原形Would/should +動詞原形語法結(jié)構(gòu)在would rather, wish, as if, It is time that等句型中使用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M形式表達(dá)主觀的愿望，一般含建議的意思，采用動詞過去式的虛擬形式。E.g. If they are going to read, why not give out copies of the lec

19、ture? Then we _ need to go to class. (2001.1)A. couldnt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt22語法結(jié)構(gòu)替代為了避免重復(fù)，可用不定代詞，指示代詞等替代名詞或名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用so 或not 來替代從句。動詞結(jié)構(gòu)的替代一般為do/does/did。E.g. He was struggling to find the right equations that would describe his new concept of gravity, _ that would define A. ones B. those

20、C. all D. none分析： 答案是A。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處要填的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是equations的替代詞。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。B項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)，其所指代的是原詞本身，而ones指代的是同類事物的替代物。23語篇邏輯邏輯關(guān)系主要包括因果，列舉，解說，分類，比較，對照關(guān)系等。E.g. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly lock the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. _ when they get the answers

21、 right, some are just guessing. (2004.6)A. Even B. Though C. Thus D. So24大學(xué)英語四級完形填空大學(xué)英語四級完形填空/翻譯常考固定搭配翻譯?？脊潭ù钆涿~與介詞的搭配名詞與介詞的搭配influence on對的影響impact on對的影響nothing but 只有；只不過(=only)access to通往的路answer to 的答案；的解決辦法solution to 的解決辦法barrier to 的障礙(=obstacle to)comment on 對的評論thanks to 由于形容詞與介詞的搭配形容詞與介詞的

22、搭配1) 形容詞與介詞with的搭配be busy with 忙于be content with 對滿意be in sympathy with 贊同，同情be satisfied with 對感到滿意be disappointed with sth. 對感到失望be popular with sb.受到某人的歡迎或喜歡be patient with sb.對某人有耐心be fed up with sth. 對極其厭倦(=be tired of sth.)介詞短語和短語介詞介詞短語和短語介詞according to 根據(jù)所說；按照as for 至于，就方面說as to 至于，關(guān)于at all c

23、osts 不惜任何代價(jià)at any cost 不惜任何代價(jià)at the cost of 以為代價(jià)at large 完全地；詳盡地ahead of 在前面，先于；勝過at all events 無論如何at the expense of 歸付費(fèi)at ease 自由自在；舒適，舒坦with ease 容易地at any rate 無論如何；至少at a speed of 以的速度at full speed 以全速at heart 在內(nèi)心里；實(shí)質(zhì)上動詞短語動詞短語account for 說明(原因等)；解釋take into account 考慮；重視accuse sb. of sth. 控告(某人

24、某事)(=charge sb. with sth.)accustom sb. to sth. 使某人適應(yīng)某件事情(=be accustomed to sth.; adapt sb. to sth.)act on 按照而行動take advantage of 趁之機(jī)，利用(=make use of)afford to (買)得起(某物)；負(fù)擔(dān)得起Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of To Help or Not to Help. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 幫助別人是一種美德2. 但是幫助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻煩3. 我的看法Rise, raise , ariserise是vi, raise是vt. raise單獨(dú)考的時(shí)候常考它的偏義,如栽培，種植，出產(chǎn)(谷類等)；飼養(yǎng)(家畜等)；養(yǎng)育，教育(子女)。建造，建立(紀(jì)念碑等)，造起(房子). arise是vi,一般取發(fā)生之意, 如:Questions arose. 問題發(fā)生了。