譯林牛津高中英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)配套講義大一輪寫作專題如何寫好開頭和結(jié)尾

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載第九周如何寫好開頭和結(jié)尾俗話說得好：好的開頭是成功的一半(Well begun is half done) ；結(jié)尾好，一切都好(All iswell that ends well) 。一篇英語作文的開頭如果寫得好，就會給閱卷老師良好的印象，吸引他繼續(xù)讀下去； 如果結(jié)尾又寫得好，就會進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化閱卷老師對你所寫作文的好感，從而給你的作文打高分。一、如何寫好開頭開頭一般來說要做到開門見山，使讀者了解文章要談什么，最好能立刻引起讀者的興趣。下面介紹幾種常見開頭的寫法：1 背景法 說明事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、背景等Last Monday,my father said goodbye to

2、my mother and me and went on a businesstrip.(2013 北京高考書面表達(dá))上周一，我爸爸向媽媽與我告別，因為他要外出做生意。2 主題句法 提出一個觀點或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明和論述的主題Old people can play an important role in our country, because they have experience, they arewiser, and they have enough time.老年人在我們國家起著重要的作用，因為他們經(jīng)驗豐富，聰明智慧，時間充足。3 問題法 用提出問題的方法來引出文章的內(nèi)容，以吸引讀

3、者的注意力Why do we go to university? Different people have different opinions.我們?yōu)槭裁匆洗髮W(xué)？不同的人有不同的觀點。4 引語法 摘錄或引用某些名人的名言或常見的習(xí)語、諺語作為文章的開端There is an old English saying, “ Gain time, gain life Then what”. is time? Time is a kind of thing that we cant see or touch, but we can feel it pass by.有一個古老的英語諺語“贏得時間，

4、就贏得生命 ”。那么，時間是什么呢？時間是一種看不見、摸不著的東西，但是我們能感覺到它的流逝。5 定義法 常見于對標(biāo)題下定義，然后通過舉例、邏輯推理等方法加以說明A good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge andvarious abilities.一個好學(xué)生要擁有良好的品德、健全的身體、完美的知識和各種各樣的能力。6 數(shù)據(jù)法 引用已經(jīng)證實的某些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字來引起話題The fact that less than 5% of the British population grad

5、uate from universities may seem學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載surprising, especially compared with the American percentage of over 30%.英國人口中大學(xué)畢業(yè)生所占的比例不足5%的事實看上去很令人吃驚，尤其是和美國的超過 30%的比率相比。7 實例法 通過一個實例或現(xiàn)象引出話題Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic. It has seriouslyinfluenced peoples daily life

6、and economic development.現(xiàn)今，許多大城市的人們都在抱怨交通擁堵，它嚴(yán)重地影響了人們的日常生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。即時演練 用上述開頭法翻譯下列句子1上周日，我和同學(xué)們?nèi)チ讼闵焦珗@。Last_Sunday,_my_classmates_and_I_went_to_Xiangshan_Park._( 背景法 )2眼下，街談巷議，人們的熱門話題總離不開“三貴”：買房貴、上學(xué)貴、看病貴。Nowadays_it_is_often_talked_about_that_there_are_three_things_that_people_cant_afford._It_is_expensi

7、ve_to_buy_houses,_to_pay_for_the_childrens_education_and_to_see_the_doctor.(主題句法 )3當(dāng)有那么多方式可以與學(xué)生家長溝通時，家訪還有必要嗎？Are_home_visits_necessary_when_there_are_so_many_ways_to_communicate_with_students_parents？ (問題法 )4正如諺語所說的那樣“時間就是金錢”，是的，情況確實就是這樣。As_the_saying_goes,_“ Timeis_money. ”Yes,_its_indeed_the_case.

8、(引語法 )5寵物是人們飼養(yǎng)并將其視為伙伴的動物。A_pet_is_an_animal_kept_by_a_person_as_a_companion.( 定義法 )6最近的研究表明，有50%的學(xué)生不吃早飯。A_recent_study_shows_that_50%_of_the_school_kids_dont_have_breakfast.( 數(shù)據(jù)法 )7目前，怎樣處理垃圾是我們城市面臨的一大問題。How_to_deal_with_waste_is_a_big_problem_for_our_city_now.(實例法 )二、如何寫好結(jié)尾結(jié)尾有概括全文內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，

9、升華主題的作用。主要有以下幾種寫法：1 照應(yīng)開頭Everyone enjoys beautifulthings. And seeing sunrise may be one of the most unusualexperiences in our life.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載每個人都喜歡美好的事物，看日出也許是我們?nèi)松凶畈黄椒驳慕?jīng)歷中的一次了。2 復(fù)述中心We must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it. If not, the last drop of water willbe a teardrop.我們必須保護(hù)水源，尋找

10、再利用水的方法，如果不這樣做， 最后一滴水將是人類的一滴淚水。3 總結(jié)式In a word, a friend in need is a friend indeed. May all of us treasure friendship.總之，患難之交才是真正的朋友，愿我們所有人珍視友誼。4 引用式I believe my dream will come true one day because “ Where there is a will, there is a way.”我相信我的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)，因為“ 有志者事竟成 ” 。5 希望式The Internet is now very i

11、mportant to me because it not only gives me a lot of fun but also it is very useful. I like it and hope you will like it too.現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)對我來說非常重要，因為它給我?guī)砗芏鄻啡?，而且非常有用，我喜歡它，希望你也喜歡它。6 問題式Will you join us in the next century? How romantic and fantastic it will be!你愿意在下個世紀(jì)加入我們嗎？那將是多么浪漫和奇妙?。〖磿r演練 用上述結(jié)尾法翻譯下列句子1不同的旅行

12、方式都能讓人們愉快，但我還是最喜歡乘火車旅行。Different_ways_of_traveling_can_make_people_happy,_but_I_like_traveling_by_train_most.(照應(yīng)開頭 )2從這次經(jīng)歷中，我了解到細(xì)心非常重要，尤其在考試時，我們怎樣細(xì)心都不為過。From_this_experience,_I_learned_that_being_careful_is_very_important_and_that_we_cant_be_too_careful,_especially_in_examinations.( 總結(jié)式 )3愛是給予，愛是關(guān)注他

13、人，我將盡力把我所有的愛奉獻(xiàn)給他人。Love_is_giving_and_love_is_paying_attention_to_others._I_will_do_my_best_to_give_all_my_love_to_others.( 復(fù)述中心 )4作為一名學(xué)生，我非常支持這項活動，因為它很有意義，對學(xué)生很有幫助，我希望此類活動在將來能繼續(xù)開展下去。As_a_student,_I_am_strongly_for_the_activity_because_it_is_very_meaningful_and_helpful學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載._I_hope_that_this_kind_o

14、f_activity_will_continue_in_the_future.(希望式 )5找一個伙伴和我們一起去如何？這樣我們可以互相幫助并且在旅途中保持愉快。How_about_finding_a_companion_to_be_with_us?_So,_we_can_help_each_other_and_be_happy_during_the_trip. ( 問題式 )6不管怎樣，有不同的文化，就有不同的習(xí)俗，如果你能“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”，就會更好地享受這里的生活。Anyhow,_different_cultures,_different_customs._If_you_ “ Doas_the

15、_Romans_do_when_in_ Rome.”， _you_will_enjoy_more_of_your_stay_here.( 引用式 )附錄：常見開頭方式：as far as .is concerned 對而言，就而論as far as we know 據(jù)我們所知as everybody knows/As is known to all眾所周知as the proverb says 正如諺語所說as the saying goes俗話說as has been already discussed正如已經(jīng)討論過的as has been mentioned above如上所述as we

16、can see from the above table 從上表可知compared with . 與相比contrary to . 與相反despite the fact that .盡管for one thing ., for another (thing) 一方面，另一方面 however, the difficulty lies in . 然而，問題在于 I am greatly convinced that . 我深信It is estimated/predicted that . 據(jù)估計It is generally agreed that . 大家通常認(rèn)為It is believ

17、ed/thought that . 人們認(rèn)為It is said that . 據(jù)說It is reported that . 據(jù)報道It is well known that . 眾所周知It must be admitted that . 必須承認(rèn)的是It must be pointed out that . 必須指出的是It must be emphasized that .必須強(qiáng)調(diào)的是It can be said with certainty that . 可以肯定地說學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載It cant be denied that . 不可否認(rèn)的是It goes without sayi

18、ng that . 不言而喻 /不用說No one can deny that . 誰也不可否認(rèn)的是Now that we know that . 既然我們知道There is no denying the fact that . 不可否認(rèn)的是There is no doubt that . 毫無疑問Therefore, we should realize that . 因此，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)意識到to begin with 首先to tell the truth 老實說We must recognize the fact that .我們必須承認(rèn)What calls for special attention is that . 需引起特別注意的是What we believe is that .我們相信的是when it