譯林牛津高中英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)配套講義大一輪寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)題如何寫(xiě)好開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載第九周如何寫(xiě)好開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾俗話(huà)說(shuō)得好：好的開(kāi)頭是成功的一半(Well begun is half done) ；結(jié)尾好，一切都好(All iswell that ends well) 。一篇英語(yǔ)作文的開(kāi)頭如果寫(xiě)得好，就會(huì)給閱卷老師良好的印象，吸引他繼續(xù)讀下去； 如果結(jié)尾又寫(xiě)得好，就會(huì)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化閱卷老師對(duì)你所寫(xiě)作文的好感，從而給你的作文打高分。一、如何寫(xiě)好開(kāi)頭開(kāi)頭一般來(lái)說(shuō)要做到開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，使讀者了解文章要談什么，最好能立刻引起讀者的興趣。下面介紹幾種常見(jiàn)開(kāi)頭的寫(xiě)法：1 背景法 說(shuō)明事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景等Last Monday,my father said goodbye to

2、my mother and me and went on a businesstrip.(2013 北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))上周一，我爸爸向媽媽與我告別，因?yàn)樗獬鲎錾狻? 主題句法 提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明和論述的主題Old people can play an important role in our country, because they have experience, they arewiser, and they have enough time.老年人在我們國(guó)家起著重要的作用，因?yàn)樗麄兘?jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，聰明智慧，時(shí)間充足。3 問(wèn)題法 用提出問(wèn)題的方法來(lái)引出文章的內(nèi)容，以吸引讀

3、者的注意力Why do we go to university? Different people have different opinions.我們?yōu)槭裁匆洗髮W(xué)？不同的人有不同的觀點(diǎn)。4 引語(yǔ)法 摘錄或引用某些名人的名言或常見(jiàn)的習(xí)語(yǔ)、諺語(yǔ)作為文章的開(kāi)端There is an old English saying, “ Gain time, gain life Then what”. is time? Time is a kind of thing that we cant see or touch, but we can feel it pass by.有一個(gè)古老的英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)“贏得時(shí)間，

4、就贏得生命 ”。那么，時(shí)間是什么呢？時(shí)間是一種看不見(jiàn)、摸不著的東西，但是我們能感覺(jué)到它的流逝。5 定義法 常見(jiàn)于對(duì)標(biāo)題下定義，然后通過(guò)舉例、邏輯推理等方法加以說(shuō)明A good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge andvarious abilities.一個(gè)好學(xué)生要擁有良好的品德、健全的身體、完美的知識(shí)和各種各樣的能力。6 數(shù)據(jù)法 引用已經(jīng)證實(shí)的某些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字來(lái)引起話(huà)題The fact that less than 5% of the British population grad

5、uate from universities may seem學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載surprising, especially compared with the American percentage of over 30%.英國(guó)人口中大學(xué)畢業(yè)生所占的比例不足5%的事實(shí)看上去很令人吃驚，尤其是和美國(guó)的超過(guò) 30%的比率相比。7 實(shí)例法 通過(guò)一個(gè)實(shí)例或現(xiàn)象引出話(huà)題Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic. It has seriouslyinfluenced peoples daily life

6、and economic development.現(xiàn)今，許多大城市的人們都在抱怨交通擁堵，它嚴(yán)重地影響了人們的日常生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。即時(shí)演練 用上述開(kāi)頭法翻譯下列句子1上周日，我和同學(xué)們?nèi)チ讼闵焦珗@。Last_Sunday,_my_classmates_and_I_went_to_Xiangshan_Park._( 背景法 )2眼下，街談巷議，人們的熱門(mén)話(huà)題總離不開(kāi)“三貴”：買(mǎi)房貴、上學(xué)貴、看病貴。Nowadays_it_is_often_talked_about_that_there_are_three_things_that_people_cant_afford._It_is_expensi

7、ve_to_buy_houses,_to_pay_for_the_childrens_education_and_to_see_the_doctor.(主題句法 )3當(dāng)有那么多方式可以與學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)溝通時(shí)，家訪還有必要嗎？Are_home_visits_necessary_when_there_are_so_many_ways_to_communicate_with_students_parents？ (問(wèn)題法 )4正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)的那樣“時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)”，是的，情況確實(shí)就是這樣。As_the_saying_goes,_“ Timeis_money. ”Yes,_its_indeed_the_case.

8、(引語(yǔ)法 )5寵物是人們飼養(yǎng)并將其視為伙伴的動(dòng)物。A_pet_is_an_animal_kept_by_a_person_as_a_companion.( 定義法 )6最近的研究表明，有50%的學(xué)生不吃早飯。A_recent_study_shows_that_50%_of_the_school_kids_dont_have_breakfast.( 數(shù)據(jù)法 )7目前，怎樣處理垃圾是我們城市面臨的一大問(wèn)題。How_to_deal_with_waste_is_a_big_problem_for_our_city_now.(實(shí)例法 )二、如何寫(xiě)好結(jié)尾結(jié)尾有概括全文內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，

9、升華主題的作用。主要有以下幾種寫(xiě)法：1 照應(yīng)開(kāi)頭Everyone enjoys beautifulthings. And seeing sunrise may be one of the most unusualexperiences in our life.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載每個(gè)人都喜歡美好的事物，看日出也許是我們?nèi)松凶畈黄椒驳慕?jīng)歷中的一次了。2 復(fù)述中心We must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it. If not, the last drop of water willbe a teardrop.我們必須保護(hù)水源，尋找

10、再利用水的方法，如果不這樣做， 最后一滴水將是人類(lèi)的一滴淚水。3 總結(jié)式In a word, a friend in need is a friend indeed. May all of us treasure friendship.總之，患難之交才是真正的朋友，愿我們所有人珍視友誼。4 引用式I believe my dream will come true one day because “ Where there is a will, there is a way.”我相信我的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)椤?有志者事竟成 ” 。5 希望式The Internet is now very i

11、mportant to me because it not only gives me a lot of fun but also it is very useful. I like it and hope you will like it too.現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要，因?yàn)樗o我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣，而且非常有用，我喜歡它，希望你也喜歡它。6 問(wèn)題式Will you join us in the next century? How romantic and fantastic it will be!你愿意在下個(gè)世紀(jì)加入我們嗎？那將是多么浪漫和奇妙啊！即時(shí)演練 用上述結(jié)尾法翻譯下列句子1不同的旅行

12、方式都能讓人們愉快，但我還是最喜歡乘火車(chē)旅行。Different_ways_of_traveling_can_make_people_happy,_but_I_like_traveling_by_train_most.(照應(yīng)開(kāi)頭 )2從這次經(jīng)歷中，我了解到細(xì)心非常重要，尤其在考試時(shí)，我們?cè)鯓蛹?xì)心都不為過(guò)。From_this_experience,_I_learned_that_being_careful_is_very_important_and_that_we_cant_be_too_careful,_especially_in_examinations.( 總結(jié)式 )3愛(ài)是給予，愛(ài)是關(guān)注他

13、人，我將盡力把我所有的愛(ài)奉獻(xiàn)給他人。Love_is_giving_and_love_is_paying_attention_to_others._I_will_do_my_best_to_give_all_my_love_to_others.( 復(fù)述中心 )4作為一名學(xué)生，我非常支持這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗苡幸饬x，對(duì)學(xué)生很有幫助，我希望此類(lèi)活動(dòng)在將來(lái)能繼續(xù)開(kāi)展下去。As_a_student,_I_am_strongly_for_the_activity_because_it_is_very_meaningful_and_helpful學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載._I_hope_that_this_kind_o

14、f_activity_will_continue_in_the_future.(希望式 )5找一個(gè)伙伴和我們一起去如何？這樣我們可以互相幫助并且在旅途中保持愉快。How_about_finding_a_companion_to_be_with_us?_So,_we_can_help_each_other_and_be_happy_during_the_trip. ( 問(wèn)題式 )6不管怎樣，有不同的文化，就有不同的習(xí)俗，如果你能“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”，就會(huì)更好地享受這里的生活。Anyhow,_different_cultures,_different_customs._If_you_ “ Doas_the

15、_Romans_do_when_in_ Rome.”， _you_will_enjoy_more_of_your_stay_here.( 引用式 )附錄：常見(jiàn)開(kāi)頭方式：as far as .is concerned 對(duì)而言，就而論as far as we know 據(jù)我們所知as everybody knows/As is known to all眾所周知as the proverb says 正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)as the saying goes俗話(huà)說(shuō)as has been already discussed正如已經(jīng)討論過(guò)的as has been mentioned above如上所述as we

16、can see from the above table 從上表可知compared with . 與相比contrary to . 與相反despite the fact that .盡管for one thing ., for another (thing) 一方面，另一方面 however, the difficulty lies in . 然而，問(wèn)題在于 I am greatly convinced that . 我深信It is estimated/predicted that . 據(jù)估計(jì)It is generally agreed that . 大家通常認(rèn)為It is believ

17、ed/thought that . 人們認(rèn)為It is said that . 據(jù)說(shuō)It is reported that . 據(jù)報(bào)道It is well known that . 眾所周知It must be admitted that . 必須承認(rèn)的是It must be pointed out that . 必須指出的是It must be emphasized that .必須強(qiáng)調(diào)的是It can be said with certainty that . 可以肯定地說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載It cant be denied that . 不可否認(rèn)的是It goes without sayi

18、ng that . 不言而喻 /不用說(shuō)No one can deny that . 誰(shuí)也不可否認(rèn)的是Now that we know that . 既然我們知道There is no denying the fact that . 不可否認(rèn)的是There is no doubt that . 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)Therefore, we should realize that . 因此，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)意識(shí)到to begin with 首先to tell the truth 老實(shí)說(shuō)We must recognize the fact that .我們必須承認(rèn)What calls for special attention is that . 需引起特別注意的是What we believe is that .我們相信的是when it