2019-2020學(xué)年人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)(1)

1、Unit2 I 'll help to clean up the city parksSection A1. help v fhelpful helpless adj.1) . help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事。2) . help oneself ( to )自用(食物等)。3) . help sb. out幫助某人克服困難，渡過(guò)難關(guān)、解決問(wèn)題、完成工作。4) . with the help of 在幫助下。5) . help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事。6) .Can' t help doing 情不自禁做.2. clean up把打掃

2、干凈v. + adv. clean up the table = clean the table up clean it/them up3. sick /ill :(1) sick adj. “生病的”，既可放 be (系動(dòng)詞)后作表語(yǔ)，也可放 n.前作定語(yǔ)= be sick of "討厭； 厭惡 ”sick person = patient “病人”feel sick感到惡心(2) ill adj. “生病的”，只能放 be (系動(dòng)詞)后作表語(yǔ),be ill in hospital生病住院 川一川ness n. “??；疾病” .You look very tired. You mu

3、st be sick. (= ill) .He had asick mother.他有一位生病的母親4. in the hospital 與 in hospital(1) in the hospital “在醫(yī)院”指人在醫(yī)院里，允許是在醫(yī)院上班，允許是到醫(yī) 院看望病人等；(2) in hospital"在醫(yī)院；住院”指生病住院。類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)有：in the bed “在床上”，也許是蹲在床上或站在床上；in bed “在床上”指躺在床上Tom is 川 and staying in bed.5. cheer up使振奮，使高興的(v.+adv)cheer sb. up =make sb

4、. happy 使某人高興 cheer me up 使我高興6. give out =hand out 分發(fā)(v. +adv)give out sth to sb. 分.給某人Give out其他意思1.發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味、聲音等) 2.用完；耗盡【短語(yǔ)】：give in 屈® give back=return 歸還give a speech 演講 give sb. a call 給打電話(huà)give away 贈(zèng)送give away money to kidsgive sb. a hand =help sb. 幫助某人give up doing sth 放棄做某事 give up sm

5、oking 放棄吸煙give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 給某人某物give me money 給我錢(qián)=give money to me 給我線(xiàn)7. come up with =think up 想出 catch up with 趕上 追上【短語(yǔ)】：think about考慮think of想起think over仔細(xì)考慮【諺語(yǔ)】Think before you act三思而后行v+up with 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：catch up with 趕上；追上 keep up with 跟上；跟、保 持聯(lián)系put up with 容忍； 忍得住 end up with 結(jié)束；以而結(jié)

6、束8. help out幫助； 幫助出來(lái)help sb. out使某人脫離困境9. (1) use v使用一 useful adj.有用的 use up 用完(2) use sth to do sth用某物做某事(3) used to do sth過(guò)去常常做某事，表示過(guò)去做過(guò)的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做，只用 于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。(4) be /get used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事(5) be used to do sth被用來(lái)做某事【記】 He used to wearglasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses.他以前常戴(框

7、架)眼鏡，但現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣戴隱形眼鏡。10. X alone / lonely 辨析：(1)alone = by oneself adj.單獨(dú)的，指無(wú)人陪伴的客觀(guān)事實(shí)，不帶感情色彩。He often walks alone to home .(2)lonely指人孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀(guān)感受；也可指某個(gè)地方是荒涼的11. several可作定語(yǔ)，表示“幾個(gè)"：=a fewSeveral boys were injured.有幾個(gè)小伙子傷了。My friend speaks several language哦的朋友能講幾種語(yǔ)言12. volunteer v 志愿 n志愿者 volunteer

8、 to do sth 志愿做某事13. But I want to learn more about how to care for animals.但是我想學(xué)習(xí)更多的關(guān)于如何照顧動(dòng)物的知識(shí)疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，【記】：I don't know what to do.I don' tknow how to do it .I don't know what to do with it.【拓展】“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”與“wh -從句的轉(zhuǎn)換。轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)只需在疑問(wèn)詞后加主語(yǔ)(與主句主語(yǔ)一致)，并將不定式改成“should +v原形"做謂語(yǔ)。Eg: I don&

9、#39;t know how to solve the problem.=I don't know how I should solve the problem.14. such詞條1詞性用法常用結(jié)構(gòu)such容 形詞修飾名詞such a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+除many/few之外的形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) such +除much/little之外的形容詞+ /、可數(shù)名詞so程度 副詞修飾形容 詞或副詞so+形容詞+a/an +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) so+ many/few +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) so+ much/little+ /、可數(shù)名詞注意：如果名詞前被 many, much, f

10、ew, little修飾時(shí)，只能用so,而不用such： so many sick children/ so little timeso that 如此.以致so +adj.+ that ” “如此以至”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so后面接形容詞、副詞He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag.【記】 名前 such,形副 so, 多多少少 （many, much, few,little ）者B用 sa15. try out嘗試;實(shí)驗(yàn)try v試圖，設(shè)法，努力【拓展】（1）try on試穿（2） try to do sth努力做某事【側(cè)重盡力做】（

11、3） try doing sth試圖做某事【側(cè)重嘗試做】(4)try one ' s best to do sth= do one ' s best始yMstW力做某事 16. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)詞條是否接賓語(yǔ)用法achieve:是主語(yǔ)一般為“人”come true否主語(yǔ)一般是“夢(mèng)想；理想”17. few幾乎沒(méi)有詞條含義修飾的名詞的數(shù)例句few幾乎沒(méi)有（表否定含義）可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)They know few of usa few一些（表肯定含義）He made a few mistakeslittle幾乎沒(méi)有（表否定含義）/、口數(shù)名詞I spend very little o

12、n fooda little一些（表肯定含義）I know a little about the story18. for example（l）for example “例如"，一般只以同類(lèi)事物或人中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語(yǔ)， 用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，可置于句首、句中或旬末。For example , he is a good student.例如,他就是個(gè)好學(xué)生。such as“例如”，用來(lái)列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子?？梢院蚢nd so on連Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像約翰和詹姆斯這樣的男孩 都很友好。19. stop d

13、oing(1)stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.請(qǐng)停止講話(huà)(2)stop to do sth停下來(lái)去做另外一件事Please stop to talk.請(qǐng)停下來(lái)講話(huà)(3)stop sb. from doing sth =keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事20. put off推遲 后面接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞Put短語(yǔ) put away將.收起來(lái)put on穿上 put down放下；記下 putup張貼；搭建；舉起 put out熄滅21. Hope和wish區(qū)分(課時(shí)練

14、15頁(yè))hope to do sth. hope+ (that)從句表示可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。Wish sb. Sth. Wish to do sth. Wish sb. to do sth. Wish+(that)從句表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性比較小的愿望Section B1. repair v 修理；修復(fù)”1) repair的對(duì)象范圍很廣，從房屋、道路、機(jī)器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定損失或失靈的東西恢復(fù)其形狀或功能。Who has repaired the broken leg of the table? 誰(shuí)把桌子的斷腿修好了 ？2) mend的意思是恢復(fù)某物原來(lái)的樣子(包括用針、線(xiàn)來(lái)縫補(bǔ))

15、，一般指較小之物This shirt is too old to mend. 這件衣服太舊不能補(bǔ)了。3) fix用于需要重新 調(diào)”物體的結(jié)構(gòu)，把松散的部件固定結(jié)實(shí)，將分離的物體各 部分裝配起來(lái)。用于美國(guó)口語(yǔ)中，與repair無(wú)多大區(qū)別。Can you fix the broken chair? 你能修理那把壞了的椅子嗎 ？4) lx 計(jì)/them up2. (1)take after在(外貌、性格、行為等方面)與(父母)相像，有血緣關(guān)系的(2)100k like只指在外貌上與 .相像(3) be like既可以指性格像，也可以指外表像。(4) be similar to與類(lèi)似 只指在外貌上與

16、像3. give away贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)(獎(jiǎng)品)，捐贈(zèng)與give相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：give off放出，釋放 give back歸還，送回 give out分發(fā)give in 屈服give up 停止，放棄give sb. a hand助某人一臂之力 give sb. a call給打電話(huà)give a talk 作報(bào)告 give lessons to給上課give a lecture (a piano concert)作講座(舉行鋼琴音樂(lè)會(huì) )give sb. a chance 給一次機(jī)會(huì)give sb. lessons給某人上課give a message to-給一個(gè) 口 信give a conce

17、rt 舉辦音樂(lè)會(huì)give sb. sth. or give sth. to sb.給某人某物return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb. 把某物歸還給某人與 away 相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：get away from 逃離throw away 扔掉 go away 離去；出去stay away (from) 遠(yuǎn)離put away 放好 run away 逃走4.1) a photo of sb. sb.為賓格，“某人的一張照片”，強(qiáng)調(diào)照片上的人就是他/她本人。(2) a photo of sb's. sb's.為名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，“某人的一

18、張照 片”，強(qiáng)調(diào)照片是sb.所擁有的。5. be sure (that) . be sure+ of/about doing sth , 確信”；義寸有把握”。但在接名詞時(shí)，be sure of側(cè)重指主語(yǔ)對(duì)某抽象事物的確信無(wú)疑；be sure about 則側(cè)重指主語(yǔ)對(duì)某具體事物的確信無(wú)疑。I'm sure of his honesty.我肯定他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 be sure to do sth ， 表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)句子主語(yǔ)作出的判斷， 認(rèn)為句子主語(yǔ)“必定 ”、“必然會(huì) ”、 “準(zhǔn)會(huì) ”如何如何。It is sure to rain. 天一定會(huì)下雨。be sure+賓語(yǔ)從句，表示主句主語(yǔ)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)

19、從句中涉及的事物所作出的判斷， 意為 確信某事一定會(huì)”。We are sure he will make great progress this term我們確信他這學(xué)期一定會(huì)取得巨大進(jìn)步【拓展】make sure 表示 “弄確實(shí)；核實(shí)；查證”。make sure常用于祈使旬，后面常接that賓語(yǔ)從句或of介詞短語(yǔ)。Make sure + that 從句意為 “弄明白；確信”。Make sure + of + 代詞/名詞，意思也是“弄明白；確信”。 Make sure of his coming before you set off. 出發(fā)之前要確定他是否來(lái)。 I make sure (tha

20、t) he would come. 我確信他會(huì)來(lái)。6. set up 建立；設(shè)立set up =establish =build 建立( v. +adv)【短語(yǔ)】：set off 出發(fā) set about doing sth 著手去做某事7. disabled adj. 肢體有殘疾的(既可以做表語(yǔ),也可做定語(yǔ))disabled people 殘疾人Though he is disabled , Liu Wei made his dream- to be a pianist come true.【加前綴dis- 構(gòu)成的詞】dislike 不喜歡 disorder 無(wú)秩序 dishonest 不誠(chéng)

21、實(shí)disappear 消失1.1 magine + n/ ving/ pron v 想象9 . have difficulties. 有困難?！窘馕觥縣ave difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困難10 .be excited about 對(duì) 感到激動(dòng)Excite v. f exciting/excited adj. 興奮的be excited about對(duì)感到興奮be excited to do sth.對(duì)做某事感到興奮11. be able to 能夠詞條適用時(shí)態(tài)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)例句be able to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù) 的變化I will be able to dr

22、ess more casually.can用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)（could）沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和 數(shù)的變化I could swim at the age of seven.=I was able to swim at the age of seven.12. be/ feel lucky to do sth做某事感到很幸運(yùn)。luck n.幸運(yùn) ” -lucky adj.幸運(yùn)的 ” luckily adv.幸運(yùn)地” unlucky adj.不幸的" 一 unluckily adv.不幸地；不幸的是”13. （1） fetch v去拿來(lái)=get （go and bring ） 去（某地）拿來(lái)（講話(huà)者

23、處）（2） bring v帶來(lái)從（某地）拿到（講話(huà)者處）bring up養(yǎng)育，養(yǎng)大bring sb. sth = bring sth to sb. 給某人帶某物（3） take v 帶來(lái)從（講話(huà)者）拿走 take -took - taken（4） Carry提；扛；運(yùn)沒(méi)有方向性14. send一 sent 一 sent v 發(fā)送【短語(yǔ)】：send away 趕走 send for 派人去請(qǐng) send off 寄出 send out 分發(fā)send up 發(fā)射 send sb. sth = send sth to sb.送給某人某物1 5.if如果引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將

24、來(lái)時(shí)。16 . work out 原文 The ideas that he came up with worked out fine.Work out fine=work out well 有效其他含義：1.計(jì)算出2.制訂；擬出 3.（使問(wèn)題）逐漸解決17 .change v改變；變化change ones life 改變某人的生活 change. into.把變成18 . Make+it+adj.（for/to sb.）+to do sth.使做某事（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）. it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)除make外，常跟it做形式賓語(yǔ)白動(dòng)詞還有 find/feel/consider/think【單元語(yǔ)法】一、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)：1 .動(dòng)詞+介詞ask for 請(qǐng)求 belong to 屬于look at 看look after 照顧 learn from 向 學(xué)習(xí)remind of 提醒takeafter與相像2 .動(dòng)詞+副詞take away 拿走 wake up 醒來(lái) put off 推遲 give out 分發(fā) think over 考 慮 end up結(jié)束3 .動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完get along with