2014八年級英語下人教版知識點(diǎn)全

1、八年級英語下冊知識點(diǎn)Unit 1. whats the matter?一重點(diǎn)短語歸納 foot-feet 腳 <復(fù)> tooth-teeth 牙齒 <復(fù)> have a cold 感冒 have a stomachache 胃疼 have a sore back背疼. have a sore throat喉嚨疼 have a fever發(fā)燒 have a toothache牙疼 lie down and (have a)rest =lie down to rest躺下休息have a rest

2、0;休息 hot tea with honey 蜂蜜熱茶. see a dentist 看牙醫(yī) see a doctor 看醫(yī)生 .drink lots of water多喝水 .lots of ,a lot of, a lota lot of=lots of，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一個(gè)副詞詞組，跟動(dòng)詞連用；表示十分，很等意思； 

3、Thanks a lot. Thats a good idea好主意. go to bed 去睡覺 go to bed early 早上床睡覺 . feel well感到好   feel ill 感到不舒服I dont feel well= Im not feeling well我感覺不舒服. start doing/ to do sth開始做某事to do是一件事情完成了，開始做另外一件事情doing是原來的那件事情做到一半，現(xiàn)在又開始做了，是同一件事情。. I think so我認(rèn)為是這樣. be thirsty口渴   

4、;  be hungry 饑餓. be stressed out緊張. listen to music聽音樂. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式. need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist.  我牙痛, 我需要去看牙醫(yī). for example例如.be good for sth./ doing sth. 對什么有益 ，對什么有好處be bad for sth./ doing sth. 對什么有害be good to 對好be goo

5、d at =do well in 在方面好，擅長be good(bad) for、be good at的相關(guān)用法1.be good for 對.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操對你們的建康有益。2.be good at 擅長于.Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅長于籃球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅長于打籃球。be good at = do well in 如：I'm good at

6、math. = I do well in math.我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。3.be good to 對.好Parents are always good to their children.父母親總是對他們的孩子好.get good grades 取得好成績   .angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的氣be angry at/ about sth 就某事生氣.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 Its important to do sth . 做某事很重要。.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get

7、 tired  .go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night. 疲倦時(shí)，晚上你不該外出.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health.at the moment此時(shí)，此刻= now Im not feeling very well at the moment.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名詞)喜歡某物,enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事=like dong sth enjoy onesel

8、f (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself反身代詞) 玩得高興，過得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun. a few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)  少許a little + 不可數(shù)名詞/形/副    一點(diǎn).He shouldnt eat anything=He should eat nothing. 他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西. .give sb some a

9、dvice給某人建議give advice 提出建議advice 是不可數(shù)名詞   a piece of advice 一則建議 take ones advice 采納或聽從某人的建議He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意見。二 固定結(jié)構(gòu)Its +形 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事對某人來說是的。Its important to do sth .做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡飲食對我來說是很重要的.Its e

10、asy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.  找出答案對我們來說是容易的三重點(diǎn)句子.Whats the matter ? Whats the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？ =Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you? I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachacheThats too bad. You should / shouldnt &

11、#160;    那太糟糕了. 你應(yīng)該/不該You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . He shouldnt eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西. .Im not felling well . 這里well表示身體狀況，不能用good代替I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感覺不舒服.I hope y

12、ou fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起來這里better是well的比較級 Its easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / Its important to do sth . 做某事重要believe in 信任某人，強(qiáng)調(diào)品質(zhì)，believe sb.相信某人的話 I believe him, but I cant believe in him.他的話是真的，但是我不信任他這個(gè)人。四知識結(jié)構(gòu).情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，意為"應(yīng)該."。should（應(yīng)當(dāng)

13、，應(yīng)該）用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。eg. You should wait a little more.你應(yīng)該再多等一會(huì)兒。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厲害。- You should lie down and have a rest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。maybe與may be1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也許他能回答那個(gè)問題。He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國。2.may be中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯

14、為“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我們的英語老師too many,too much與much too1.too many意為“太多”，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：There are too many students in our class.我們班上有太多的學(xué)生2.too much意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：We have too much work to do. 我們有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”，用來

15、修飾形容詞或副詞。如：The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不動(dòng)它。few、a few、little、a little的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系： 1.few / a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有幾個(gè)。 例如： He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。 .little / a little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞

16、，little表示否定意思，沒有，幾乎沒有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一點(diǎn)兒。 例如： There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？ .cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高興、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高興 clean up 打掃 clean-up n. 打掃 homeless adj. 無家可歸的 a homeless boy 一個(gè)無家可歸的男孩home n. 家 . sick adj. 生病的 作表語、定語 ill adj. 生病的 作表

17、語 ，不能作定語 volunteer to do v. 志愿效勞、主動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn) volunteer n. 志愿者 . come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出 catch up with 趕上 追上 put off doing 推遲做某事 put on 穿上 (指過程) put up 張貼. write down 寫下 記下 call up 打電話 make a telephone call 打電話 set up 成立 建立 The new hospital was set up in 2000. 這座醫(yī)院是在2000年成立的。each 每個(gè) 各自的 強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)人或事物的個(gè)

18、別情況 常與of 連用 every 每個(gè) 每一個(gè)的 一切的 則有“全體”的意思不能與of 連用 put to use 把 投入使用，利用 They put the new machine to use. 他們把新機(jī)器投入使用 help sb. (to) do 幫助某人做某事 help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 help him with English plan to do 計(jì)劃做某事 plan + 從句 I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我計(jì)劃

19、去北京。 spend doing 花費(fèi)做 I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的時(shí)間去參觀北京。 spend on sth. 花費(fèi)在 I spent 3 years on English. 常見的就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有： Neither nor即不也不 (兩者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。 Either or 不是就是 (兩者中的一個(gè))Either Lily or you are a student. Not only but (also) There be 結(jié)構(gòu)。 join 參加 (指參加團(tuán)體、組織) 如：jo

20、in the Party 入黨 take part in 參加 (指參加活動(dòng)) 如：take part in sports meeting 參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) run out 與 run out of run out (become used up). 其主語往往為物。如時(shí)間，食物，金錢，油等，本身就含有被動(dòng)意義。 His money soon ran out. 他的錢很快就花光了。 My patience has completely run out. 我沒有一點(diǎn)耐心了。 Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。 run out of 主語為人，表示主動(dòng)含義。 He

21、is always running out of money before pay day. 他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒有到就把錢花完了。 兩者在一定條件下可以互換 如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我們快把汽油用完了。 Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。= We are running out of time take after (在外貌、性格等方面)與(父母等)相像 be similar to 與.相像 take after 相像 look after

22、照顧 take care of 照顧. be able to do 能 會(huì) be unable to do 不能 不會(huì) . thank you for doing 謝謝做某事 如： thank you for helping me 謝謝做幫助我 for sure 確實(shí)如此，毫無疑問 You dont have money. Thats for sure. 你沒有錢，這是毫無疑問的。 fill with 使充滿 用填充 She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填滿碗。like prep. 像 . help sb. out 幫助做事，解決難題(擺脫困境) I cant

23、 work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問題，請你幫我解決。. train n. 火車 train v. 訓(xùn)練 train sb. to do. 訓(xùn)練某人做某事 She trains her dog to fetch things. 她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西。 at once = right away 立刻 馬上 如： Do it at once. 馬上去做。 Ill go there at once/ right away. 我馬上去那里。. one day 有一天 (指將來/過去) some day 有一天(指將來)

24、如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。 Some day Ill go to Beijing. 有一天我將去北京。 specially adv. 特意地 專門地 特別地 special adj. 特別的 disabled adj. 肢體有殘疾的 disable v. 不能. hand out 分發(fā) hand out bananas give out 分發(fā) give out sth to sb. 分.給某人 give up doing 放棄 give up smoking 放棄吸煙 give away 贈(zèng)送 捐贈(zèng) give away sth. to . g

25、ive away money to kids give sb. sth. 給某人某東西 give me money 給我錢 give sth. to sb. 給某人某東西 give money to me 給我線volunteer 可數(shù)名詞 “志愿者” adj. 自愿的  vi. volunteer to do sthThey are the Chinese Peoples Volunteers. 他們是中國人民志愿軍。I volunteer to help you. 我自愿幫助你。. no longer = not any longer 指時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)。 no more = no

26、t any more 指動(dòng)作上不再延續(xù)。二短語.clean up 清掃 give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放cheer up=makehappier 使.高興，使.振作.after school study program 課外學(xué)習(xí)班come up with=think up 提出，想出 put off 推遲write down 寫下，記下 put up 張貼.hand out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放 call up 打電話.set up=establish 建立 .plan to do sth 計(jì)劃干.打算干run out of 用完，耗盡 .take after 在性格或長相方面與父母相象.fix up 修理

27、 .give away 捐贈(zèng) .be similar to 與.相似.ask for 索要 .disabled people 殘疾人 .fillwith. 用.填充. be full of 裝滿了.help.out 幫助.做事，解決難題（擺脫困境）.train sb to do sth 訓(xùn)練某人干. Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一重要詞組及短語1. Could you please do sth.? 你能嗎？/ 請你干好嗎？2. do the chores 做雜務(wù)3. do the dishes 洗餐具4. sweep the floor 清

28、掃地板5. take out the trash 倒垃圾6. make one's bed 鋪床7. fold one's clothes 疊衣服8. clean the living room 清掃客廳9. stay out late 晚歸10. come over 過來11. have a test 考試12. get a ride 搭車13. use one's computer 使用某人的電腦14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 討厭某事/做某事 like to do (doing) sth.15.

29、do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做飯17. wash the car 刷車18. work on 從事，忙于 work at 學(xué)習(xí)、致力于、在上下工夫19. borrow some money 借一些錢 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入) lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借給某人某物(借出) You can borrow some money from your b

30、rother. 你可以向你哥哥借些錢。 Can you lend me your bike? 你能借給我你的自行車嗎？20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 They invited me to join their club. 他們邀請我參加俱樂部。 invite sb to a place invite you to my party21. go to the store 去商店22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意見 disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事 disa

31、gree with sb. 不同意某人的意見23. take care of = look after 照顧、照看、照料 take good care of = look after well 把照管得好26. take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步27. play with sb. 和某人玩28. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事(做過)（1）do, make 短語歸類 do the dishes 洗餐具 do my homework 做我的家庭作業(yè) do chores 做家務(wù)，處理瑣事 do the l

32、aundry 洗衣 do the shopping 購物 do some reading 讀書 make your bed 鋪床 make breakfast 做早餐 make dinner 做晚飯 make tea 泡茶，沏茶 make a cup of coffee 沖一杯咖啡（2）關(guān)于 to 的短語總結(jié)： have to do sth. 不得不，必須做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 討厭做某事 like to do sth. 喜歡做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事 love to do sth. 熱愛做某事 forget t

33、o do sth. 忘記做某事 start to do sth. 開始做某事 begin to do sth. 開始做某事 ask sb to do sth. 請某人做某事二重點(diǎn)句型1. Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.2. Could I please use the car?Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out. 在表示請求幫助

34、或請求允許的疑問句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而 can 則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把 could 看作 can 的過去式。以上兩句中用 could 是為了表示禮貌的請求。表示請求幫助或請求允許時(shí)，除了 can, could 之外，還可以用 may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個(gè)概念。例：Could / Can / May I use your car for a day? 作允答可以各種各樣： 如同意可以說 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，還可說 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course.

35、(you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.   如果不同意，可以說 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免說 No, you can't. 這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。Unit4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一. 重要詞匯和句型1. get ( 1 ) 買 get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 為某人買某物 Ca

36、n you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ? = Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?( 2 ) 得到, 到達(dá) Where did you get the book ? When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .(3) 使, 讓 get + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ) 使某人 某物 怎么樣 Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed . get sb. to d

37、o sth. 使某人 某物做某事 I got him to call Jim yesterday .(4) ( 逐漸) 變得The weather gets warmer and days get longer . Why did the teacher get angry ? 2. how about what about 后跟名詞 代詞 動(dòng)詞ing形式。( 1) 向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請求 How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ? (2) 向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖娀蚩捶?How about the TV play ? How

38、about buying the house now ?( 3 ) 詢問天氣或身體情況 How about the weather in Hainan Island ? How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?( 4 ) 談話中承接上下文 Im forty years old . How about you ? Im from Beijing . How about you ?3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday . receiv

39、e a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信 I received a letter from my parents last Sunday . = I got a letter from my parents last Sunday . = I heard from my parents last Sunday . accept 接受 He couldnt accept our suggestions but our gifts . She was very glad to receive the invitation . He

40、 didnt receive a good education at university . I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it . 4. a 6-year old child 一個(gè)六歲的孩子6-year old 是由 “數(shù)詞 +名詞 + 形容詞 ” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞, 作前置定語, 修飾后面的名詞child . 數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：a five-year-old girl 一個(gè)五歲的女孩 a six-foot-deep hole 一個(gè)六英尺深的洞a t

41、wo-meter-long ruler 一把兩米長的尺子 a 100-meter race一場百米賽跑a ten-story-high building 一棟十層高的樓房 a two-inch-thick dictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典5. too to 太 而不能 too 后跟形容詞或副詞原形, to 后跟動(dòng)詞原形, 構(gòu)成不定式. 句子的主語與動(dòng)詞不定的主語不一時(shí), 可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語for sb. He is too young to join the army ( 軍隊(duì)) . The maths problem is too difficult for me to wo

42、rk out . 表示否定意義的never not 和too to 連用時(shí)表達(dá)肯定一樣. One is never too old to learn . too to 可以與 enough to 和 so that 轉(zhuǎn)換. 與enough to轉(zhuǎn)換 時(shí), enough 前的形容詞, 副詞必須是too 后面形容詞, 副詞的反義詞, 并使用其否定句式. She is too young to do the work . = she isnt old enough to do the work . 與 so that 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí), that 后面的從句要用否定形式. Tom is too tired t

43、o walk any farther . = Tom is so tired that he cant walk any farther .6. cost 1) 動(dòng)詞 , 花費(fèi) 價(jià)值 (多少錢 ) How much did it cost ? I didnt buy it because it cost too much . The meal cost us about 100 yuan .(2 ) 名詞 , 成本, 費(fèi)用, 價(jià)錢. at all costs不惜任何代價(jià); at the cost of 以 為代價(jià). Living costs are higher in cities than

44、that in the country . We must stop it at all costs . After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the cost of their lives .7. pay , spend , cost , take 的區(qū)別 pay 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢 ) , 主語是人. Sb. pay some money for sth. I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . Spend 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢或時(shí)間 ),主語是人. Sb.

45、 spend some money on sth. Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth. I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week . She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . cost 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢 ) , 主語是物. Sth. cost sb. some money . This jacket cost him 200 dollars . take 花費(fèi) (時(shí)間 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth .花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某

46、事 How long does it take sb. to do sth ? 花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事? It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework . It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home . It will take them 6 months to build the building . How long does it take him to plant the trees ? 8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep

47、 , be asleep sleep 動(dòng)詞, 睡覺, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作. I am very tired . I want to sleep . He slept for 12 hours yesterday . sleeping , Sleep 的現(xiàn)在分詞, 表示 “ 正在睡覺” Dont make so much noise . The baby is sleeping . They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were . sleepy 想睡覺的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . Id

48、 like to go to bed . asleep 睡著了的. The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep .fall asleep 強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒有睡著到睡著的過程, 不能接一段時(shí)間 I couldnt fall asleep until it was very late last night . He listened to music and fell asleep .be asl

49、eep 表示睡著后的狀態(tài) , “ 睡著了”, 可以接一段時(shí)間 . He was asleep for three hours . 9. choose 動(dòng)詞, “ 選擇,挑選 ” , 過去式chose, 過去分詞chosenchoose to do sth. 選擇做某事cant Choose but 只得 pick and choose 挑挑揀揀 There are many books to choose from . We choose mike as our leader ( 領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ). Will you help me choose a dictionary ? Everyone can

50、t choose but obey ( 服從 ) . Its her habit (習(xí)慣 ) to pick and choose while shopping .10.       present (1) 禮物, 禮品 = gift Why not give him a card as a present ? what can I get him for a birthday present ? ( 2 ) 目前, 現(xiàn)在 Im sorry he is out at present .You have to forget the pa

51、st and start living in the present .11. open ( 1 ) 動(dòng)詞, 打開 , 開業(yè), 開張, 展現(xiàn) Its not right to open other peoples letters . Would you mind opening the window ? The door opens to the south . This factory opened in 1998. ( 2 ) 形容詞, be open 開著的, 開放的 In his dream the flowers are all open . Most shops are closed but several are still open . On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public . close 動(dòng)詞, 關(guān)閉, 關(guān)上 , 合上 Please close the door to keep the cold out . closed 形容詞, be clos