研究生英語精讀 王蕙等主編第三單元課件pptUNIT 2

1、Unit 3 Development of Common GroundRemarks by Ambassador Jon Huntsman at the On Common Ground ConferencePeking University, Beijing, ChinaNovember 20, 2009美國駐華大使洪博培在北京大學(xué)美國駐華大使洪博培在北京大學(xué)“求同論求同論壇壇”上的講話上的講話2009年年11月月20日日Lead inlexcerpt :N /VlN: excerpt (from sth) a short piece of writing, music, film, etc

2、. taken from a longer whole lV: excerpt sth ( from sth ) The document was excerpted from an unidentified FBI file.此文件摘自來源不明的聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局檔案。 remark: N1.Something that you say or write which express an opinion, thought, ect about sb/sth 談?wù)?，言論，評(píng)論2.( old-fashioned or formed) the quality of being important or i

3、nteresting enough to be noticed 引人注目，顯耀例句：The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of liferation :Nl1.a sudden increase in number or amount ( 數(shù)量的）激增，劇增 the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 大規(guī)模殺傷武器的激增lTo make matters more complicated, the IAEA, the organization that is sup

4、posed to halt proliferation, is in fact aiding it. 使事情更趨復(fù)雜的是，理應(yīng)制止核擴(kuò)散的國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)卻在事實(shí)上為此提供幫助。multifaceted :adjlContaining many different aspects, features, or qualities 多方面的；多特征的； 多特性的lHere is a main point to take away from this article :Success is a multifaceted, personal concept .l總結(jié)一下本文的中心思想：成功是多方面的，是

5、一個(gè)個(gè)人的概念。 Paragraph 1l1.note : observe with care or pay close attention to I noted a change come over his face. 2. roller coaster: elevated railway in an amusement park (usually with sharp curves and steep inclines) 環(huán)滑車；游樂場(chǎng)滑車 Ellie stood in line for over an hour to ride the roller coaster at the amus

6、ement park. 艾莉在游樂園為了要玩云霄飛車，排隊(duì)排了一個(gè)多小時(shí)。read:lgive a certain impression給予某種印象e.g.1.The story reads well. 這篇小說讀起來很不錯(cuò)。2.The poem reads like (sounds as if it is) a translation. 這首詩聽起來像是翻譯作品。 get way: get what one wantslShe usually get her way without need to pull rank. lPara 1: 有趣的是，當(dāng)你把美中關(guān)系放到適當(dāng)?shù)臍v史背景中觀察的話，

7、就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它像一輛過山車。約翰泰勒把凱萊布顧圣派到這里來，是因?yàn)橛鴱呐c中國的貿(mào)易關(guān)系中所得甚多，引起了美國的極大關(guān)切。Paragraph 2lOpium: a powerful illegal drug made from the seeds of a type of POPPY鴉片lFacilitate: to make it possible or easier for something to happen 是便利； 推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)lSocial facilitation effect Working harder when in a group than when working alon

8、e. 社會(huì)促進(jìn)效應(yīng)：個(gè)人在群體中工作比單獨(dú)工作更努力。1.tariff :N 2. Open-ended: adj lA tax that a government charges on goods that enter or leave their country關(guān)稅lOpen-ended: adj without any limits ,restriction or aims set in advance 無限制全的，無期待的目標(biāo) Lease :n /v to have a legal agreement in which someone pays you money to use you

9、r building , land, or equipment for a specific period of time.出租，租用l你們會(huì)記得第一次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭，是不是？從1837年到1842年。1842年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時(shí)簽訂了南京條約，開放若干重要口岸廈門、福州、寧波、上海和舊稱Canton的廣州港。促進(jìn)貿(mào)易的目的達(dá)到了。條約規(guī)定降低關(guān)稅，你們還會(huì)記得，還涉及香港問題，后來的處理方式有些不同。1842年時(shí)，這是一項(xiàng)沒有期限的協(xié)議，后來，我想是在1897年或1898年加以具體化，即規(guī)定了99年的租期。Paragraph 3lextraterritoriality ekstr,teri,t:rilti

10、 n. 治外法權(quán)（等于exterritoriality） Finally, we had extraterritoriality and used this legal advantage in order to be extremely active in the opium trade. l最后，我們有治外法權(quán)，并利用這一法律的好處，以極為活躍在鴉片貿(mào)易。first-ever ： adj.l首次的，破天荒第一次的，史無前例的lNovel :adj. new or unusual 新穎的；不同尋常的 A novel solution to a problem 解決問題的新穎方案l美國對(duì)英中之

11、間作為第一次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)果簽訂的這項(xiàng)協(xié)議非常關(guān)切。泰勒總統(tǒng)派來一個(gè)人，擔(dān)任我現(xiàn)在的職務(wù)，他通過談判與中國簽訂了被稱作望廈條約的另一項(xiàng)條約，實(shí)質(zhì)上給予美國更多的與英國平等競(jìng)爭的條件。如同南京條約那樣，望廈條約也開放了很多通商口岸，方便了貿(mào)易活動(dòng)，而且還有史以來首次授予某種治外法權(quán)，也就是說，如果美國公民在中國與他國國民發(fā)生紛爭，他們將根據(jù)美國法律得到處理，這在當(dāng)時(shí)是一種非常獨(dú)特和新奇的情況，當(dāng)時(shí)，駐外大使和總領(lǐng)事對(duì)確定美國的貿(mào)易政策等等握有巨大的權(quán)力。l這樣，過山車?yán)^續(xù)上下飛轉(zhuǎn)。Paragraph 5lMultifaceted: adj. containing many different asp

12、ects, features, or qualities 多放方面的，多特征的，多特性的 virtually: adj. used for emphasizing that a statement is almost completely true 差不多，實(shí)際上Imaginable: adjlUsed for emphasizing that it is difficult to imagine anything more extreme 可想象的，想象得 到的1. a situation that would have been hardly imaginable ten years ag

13、o.2 .He had been subjected to the most terrible abuse imaginable. 他遭受了能想得到的最殘酷的虐待。collaborative : adjlInvolving people or groups working together to produce something 合作的，協(xié)作的l現(xiàn)在我們面對(duì)著一個(gè)巨大復(fù)雜的多層面關(guān)系，基本上涵蓋了外交政策上可以想到的每一個(gè)問題。奧巴馬總統(tǒng)要求我們以積極、合作和全面的方式進(jìn)行處理。Lay out : phrasal v. lTo explain something carefully and

14、clearly （ 詳細(xì)地）解釋，說明 e.g. The documents lay out the principlesclearly enough.這些文件將各條原則解釋的非常清楚。Paragraph 6loval: adj. with a shape like a long narrow circle 橢圓形的， an oval table 橢圓形的桌子 Oval Office: 美國總統(tǒng)辦公室 l在白宮橢圓形辦公室的一次會(huì)議上奧巴馬總統(tǒng) 開始描述他對(duì)于美中關(guān)系前景的規(guī)劃，他說他想看到的是一種積極、合作和全面的關(guān)系，其理由我們將在下面討論。他說最主要的問題必定是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)、氣候變化、清潔能

15、源，以及地區(qū)性安全，因?yàn)槟切﹩栴}不僅影響美中兩國及地區(qū)，而且影響全世界。此外，我們是當(dāng)今唯一能合力解決這些問題的兩個(gè)國家。沒有任何其他國家能夠做到。我說，總統(tǒng)先生，我想我們能夠做到。我相信我們能夠通過兩國關(guān)系實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。那不會(huì)很容易，我們將碰到波折起伏，就像我先前形容過的過山車一樣，但是我相信目標(biāo)是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。Paragraph 6lDriving snow/ rain: snow or rain that falls very fast. The north wind came, and driving rain. 北風(fēng)刮來，接著又下起了傾盆大雨。 He returned home on

16、foot at midnight, in a driving rain-storm. 他走路回家，到家已是午夜，正下著大雨。Tarmac: N1.the part of an airport where the plane stop and that people walk across to get on a plane（機(jī)場(chǎng)的）停機(jī)坪； 飛機(jī)跑道2.a thick black mixture of TAR and very small stones , used especially for making the surfaces of roads( 尤指用來鋪路面的） 柏油碎石頭by a

17、nd largelUsed for referring to something in a very general way總體來說；大體上，基本上e.g. By and large I think the emphasis should be on recruiting the right people.總得來說，我認(rèn)為重要的是招聘合適的人。l于是當(dāng)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)幾天之前冒著寒冷的傾盆大雨在上海走下飛機(jī)的時(shí)候我站在露天停機(jī)坪上，我的鞋很快就灌滿了水，我也沒有帶替換的鞋子。那天晚上真是冷極了我覺得他在抵達(dá)后看到了他希望看到的：一種整體而言正在進(jìn)入一個(gè)新階段的關(guān)系，在這個(gè)階段上我們的重點(diǎn)越來越集中在

18、全球問題上。我們雙方越來越能共同解決種種問題。他抵達(dá)之后也發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管我們有分歧，我們確有分歧，但我們正在朝著一個(gè)積極、合作、全面的方向前進(jìn)。Paragraph 8lbound by sth/ to do sth : force to do sth by law, duty or a particular situation 受（ 法律，義務(wù)或情況）約束（ 必須做的事）e.g. lWe are not bound by the decision.我們不受該決定的約束。lYou are bound by the contract to pay before then end of the mont

19、h. 按照合同規(guī)定，有必須在月底前付款。l總統(tǒng)在這里訪問期間我只想向你們補(bǔ)充說明一下其后的影響他更多地談到太平洋不再是將我們分割開來的屏障，而是將我們聯(lián)系在一起的紐帶，美中關(guān)系應(yīng)當(dāng)在迎接共同挑戰(zhàn)的道路上發(fā)展，要明確認(rèn)識(shí)到?jīng)]有一國能獨(dú)自迎接21世紀(jì)的重重挑戰(zhàn)。Paragraph 9la joint statement 聯(lián)合聲明聯(lián)合聲明l2.Hammer out: to discuss a plan, an idea , ect .until everyone agrees or a decision is made反復(fù)討論出（ 一致意見） 充分研討出（ 決定）lA new deal was ha

20、mmered out between the two banks. 兩家銀行最終達(dá)成了新的協(xié)議。lnon-proliferation: a limit to the increase in the number of nuclear and chemical weapons that are produced. 防止核擴(kuò)散lupdate : a news update 最新的報(bào)道l The newsletter gives an update on current activities. 內(nèi)部通訊刊登了近期活動(dòng)最新情況。l我建議在座各位都讀一讀那份九頁長的內(nèi)容詳盡的聯(lián)合聲明，我們雙方在此次訪問

21、前經(jīng)過長時(shí)間磋商才達(dá)成這份聯(lián)合聲明。你們?cè)诼暶髦袝?huì)看到作為合作重點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，其中包括全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇；伊朗、北韓、阿富汗及巴基斯坦等地區(qū)危機(jī)；核不擴(kuò)散；氣候變化及能源等四個(gè)領(lǐng)域。如果你們的確想了解這一關(guān)系走向的最新動(dòng)態(tài)，有時(shí)間的話不妨閱讀全文。Paragraph 10lconvene : to arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting 召集 l e.g. The committee will convene at 11:30 next Thursday. 委員會(huì)將在下周四上午11:30 開會(huì)。Implementlto mak

22、e sth. that has been officially decided start to happen or be used 使生效 貫徹。執(zhí)行 實(shí)施l To implement changes/ decisions /policies /reforms 實(shí)行變革，執(zhí)行決議，實(shí)施改革executelto do a piece of work, perform a duty , put a plan into action, etc 執(zhí)行， 實(shí)施 e.g.l They drew up and executed a plan to reduce fuel consumption. 他們制定

23、并實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)降低燃料消耗的計(jì)劃。譯文：l幾個(gè)月后，我們將有機(jī)會(huì)在北京舉行下一輪戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話，屆時(shí)可以評(píng)估這一關(guān)系，看看進(jìn)展如何，而目前已出現(xiàn)積極氣氛，這對(duì)開始履行和實(shí)施其他我們能夠共同實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)意義重大。Paragraph 11lengage in: to take part in a particular activity , especially something that takes a lot of time or effort 從事。忙于lHe is currently engaged in a dispute with his former business partner.l

24、目前他正忙著解決和從前的生意合伙人之間的爭端。l因此，我要說明奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的此次訪問所取得的幾項(xiàng)重要成果。首先是軍隊(duì)間的相互交流，這是我們一年來見得不多的情況。軍官往來增多；搜救行動(dòng)增加；下級(jí)軍官能夠參與重要的交往；我們就我們的意圖更加公開地進(jìn)行交流，提高透明度，這在今天對(duì)于我們兩國非常重要。Paragraph 12ldoable: able to be done 可做的?？尚械?. It will take some organizing, but I think it is a doable. 這將需要組織一番，但我認(rèn)為是可行的。2. An official of the aircraft

25、company said he thought outfitting the aircraft to detect land mines was doable.Legacy lMoney or property that you arrange for someone to have after you die. 遺產(chǎn)lMy grandmother died and left me a small legacy.譯文：譯文：l第二，增進(jìn)人民及文化交往的雙邊機(jī)制，而我們?cè)S多人正是這種交往的一部分。我能想到的比這更重要的事情實(shí)在不多，因?yàn)椋绻覀兇_實(shí)認(rèn)真對(duì)待美中兩國關(guān)系的話，就必須確保下一代人有

26、研習(xí)、參加交流和學(xué)語言的機(jī)會(huì)，有更多的機(jī)會(huì)考察了解對(duì)美國人來說陌生的制度，以及對(duì)這里的中國學(xué)生來說非常陌生的美國制度。因此，通過在今后四年再向中國輸送100,000 名美國學(xué)生這肯定不容易，但可以做到我想，這會(huì)是今年在美中關(guān)系史上留下的較為重要的長期貢獻(xiàn)之一。l第二，增進(jìn)人民及文化交往的雙邊機(jī)制，而我們?cè)S多人正是這種交往的一部分。我能想到的比這更重要的事情實(shí)在不多，因?yàn)?，如果我們確實(shí)認(rèn)真對(duì)待美中兩國關(guān)系的話，就必須確保下一代人有研習(xí)、參加交流和學(xué)語言的機(jī)會(huì)，有更多的機(jī)會(huì)考察了解對(duì)美國人來說陌生的制度，以及對(duì)這里的中國學(xué)生來說非常陌生的美國制度。因此，通過在今后四年再向中國輸送100,000 名

27、美國學(xué)生這肯定不容易，但可以做到我想，這會(huì)是今年在美中關(guān)系史上留下的較為重要的長期貢獻(xiàn)之一。Paragraph 13lcommitment：a message that makes a pledge 承諾 He made a commitment to pay the rent on time.lplay out : take / make She continued to play out her role of dutiful daughter1.dramatically: in a very impressive mannerlOur way of life has changed dr

28、amatically over the last ten years.lconservation: the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources She is interested in conservation. l put forward: put before He put forward a plan for the committee to considerlpeer: a person who is of equal standing with another

29、in a group As peers, we should help each other. lreview: evaluationlfeature：a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine譯文：l第三，在氣候變化問題上，我們可能對(duì)具體承諾在短期內(nèi)產(chǎn)生效果的強(qiáng)度和速度存在一些分歧，但是雙方都認(rèn)識(shí)到要在本世紀(jì)中期大幅度降低碳排放并找到能源保護(hù)新措施的重要性。由丹麥?zhǔn)紫嗬鼓律岢龅姆桨敢恢倍荚谟懻撝校覀冋J(rèn)為其中包括的同行評(píng)議環(huán)節(jié)非常重要。Paragraph 14laside from: except Everythi

30、ng was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.linitiative: readiness to embark on bold new ventures I am sure the new initiative you have taken today will bear fruit. lefficiency：the ratio of the output to the input of any system engine efficiency發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)效益Paragraph14l第四，清潔能源。除了過

31、去幾周來廣受議論與報(bào)道的美中清潔能源研究中心之外，在電動(dòng)車和清潔建筑能效方面還有幾項(xiàng)新舉措。Paragraph 15lstumble over：給絆倒;結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說=happen frequently Men occasionally stumble over the truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened. l inventory: a detailed list of all the items in stockThe inventory showed that

32、 the store was overstocked. 譯文：l 這都是生活中常見的。僅以其中的清潔建筑能效為例：當(dāng)你停下來思考一下，中國在未來十年將興建的商業(yè)辦公設(shè)施會(huì)超過我們?cè)诿绹倪@類設(shè)施的總面積，就知道這個(gè)方面有多重要，如果做法得當(dāng)，中國在未來多年將為減少全球排放量作出多么重要的貢獻(xiàn)。我們也會(huì)提倡巖石氣資源的能源合作關(guān)系，并致力于推動(dòng)大規(guī)模碳封存項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)與合作。Paragraph 16:l ratification: making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it lOpinion polls indicat

33、ed a two-thirds majority in favour of ratification of the treaty.l第五，就核武器擴(kuò)散而言，我們將致力于促使全面禁止核試驗(yàn)條約獲得批準(zhǔn)；并將就裂變材料禁產(chǎn)條約展開談判；中國也已同意積極參與定于2010年4月舉行的核安全峰會(huì)的籌備工作。Paragraph 17lout speak: 坦白大膽地說，直率地說； Dont hesitate, out speak! lemerge: come out of The sun emerges from the clouds. l weather: face or endure with cou

34、ragelThe country had weathered a serious crisis lend up with: 結(jié)束；以而結(jié)束；以告終For companies the main task is simply to end up with more talented people than their competitors. lpackage: a collection of things wrapped or boxed togetherThey are trying to put together a package that will end the dispute.lre

35、assure: cause to feel sureThe market is reassured by the government statement on import control. 譯文：l第六，關(guān)于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，兩國首腦都對(duì)這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的后果直言不諱，并闡明了雙方的合作對(duì)于挺過早期風(fēng)暴至關(guān)重要。兩國采取的行動(dòng)在危機(jī)初期大多沒有公開或并不醒目，但是我們確實(shí)推出了良好的刺激方案，重建了市場(chǎng)信心，并穩(wěn)定了抵押信貸系統(tǒng)。Paragraph 18l aftermath: the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event)

36、后果lIn the aftermath of the hurricane, many peoples homes were destroyed.譯文：l但我們應(yīng)當(dāng)謹(jǐn)記，在這場(chǎng)我們尚未走出的危機(jī)的影響下形成的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序?qū)⑴c原有秩序完全不同，我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到主要依賴美國消費(fèi)者和亞洲的出口產(chǎn)品來刺激增長的局限性。 Paragraph 19lall the while: always 一直 ，始終He teaches English in the school all the while. 美國實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的新戰(zhàn)略意味著增加儲(chǔ)蓄并減少開支；改革美國的金融體系；減少我們的長期赤字；增加出口；在這個(gè)

37、過程中創(chuàng)造更多薪酬更高的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)并始終保持市場(chǎng)開放。l美國實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的新戰(zhàn)略意味著增加儲(chǔ)蓄并減少開支；改革美國的金融體系；減少我們的長期赤字；增加出口；在這個(gè)過程中創(chuàng)造更多薪酬更高的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)并始終保持市場(chǎng)開放。Paragraph 20ltransition: the act of passing from one state or place to the next 過度，轉(zhuǎn)化lAdolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood.ladolescence ,dulesns,-snsi ln. 青春

38、期譯文：l在中國，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的新戰(zhàn)略意味著提高勞動(dòng)者與消費(fèi)者的生活水平，具體途徑是在市場(chǎng)中增加選擇機(jī)會(huì)，使各種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施得到改善，使金融結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)代化，改善住房條件，提供高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療服務(wù)以及溫家寶總理在前一天剛提到的一個(gè)更加全面發(fā)展的社會(huì)保障網(wǎng)，他認(rèn)為這個(gè)社會(huì)保障網(wǎng)對(duì)于現(xiàn)在正在實(shí)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型至關(guān)重要。Paragraph 21There is every reason= There is enough reasonlThere is every reason for society to undertake programs that deal with these problems. sustai

39、ned: a. continuous 持續(xù)的lBats are the only mammals to have wings and to achieve sustained flight.preeminent: greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement 卓越 ，超群的lHe is preeminent because his articles are well writtenadversity: a state of misfortune or affliction逆境lAs fire tries gold

40、, so does adversity try virtue.anew: again but in a new or different way再，重新 Hes determined to begin his life anew. priority: status established in order of importance or urgency 優(yōu)先lThe development of the national economy is a top priority.譯文：我們完全有理由相信中國將會(huì)成功，中國近30年來創(chuàng)造的非凡業(yè)績將會(huì)保持下去。我們也完全有理由相信，美國將再次贏得美利

41、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)國的卓越地位。你們知道， 我們是一個(gè)善于迎逆境而起的國家。我想我們將來回顧這幾年時(shí)，會(huì)把這段時(shí)間視為促使我們改變方針、從新的角度審視我們今后各項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)的時(shí)期。 Main Ideamilitary to military exchanges something facilitating a bilateral mechanism for people-to-people and cultural exchanges climate change clean energy nuclear proliferation global economic crisis Exercisesl2. Voca

42、bulary.l Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words you have learned in the text without referring to the original. The first letter for each word is given.l1) We should oppose trade protectionism of various forms and work together to _ a comprehensive and balanced conclusion to the Doha

43、round negotiations.faciliatel2.And I have made clear that we will help Iraqis transition to full responsibility for their future, and keep our _ to remove all American troops by the end of mitmentl3. Despite massive stimulus, todays recessions have been deeper than the _ of Japans bubble.aftermathl4

44、. The NYSE has recently embarked on a round of acquisitions and _deals in an effort to become a trend-setter in technology as well as globalisation.l5. For a thousand years, Chinas position as the _world power was beyond doubt.collaborativepreeminentl6. Like all living systems, this interlocking hum

45、an-made ecosystem tends to expand, to work around impediments, and to adapt to_l7. Neighbours who have no reason to know each other will need to _ and collaborate in order to get a new school or better policing.adversityconvenel8. As the western economies_ under empires of debt, Russia is largely unaffected by the credit squeeze.l9. This mechanism had helped to significantly improve the rationality and _ of government pricing.stumbletransparencyl10. Later that year the Assembly decided to refer the Convention to all States for their consideration, signature and _ .ratificati