2020年人教版初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法 (八升九) 暑假專題突破與鞏固 學(xué)案（九）：非謂語動詞篇

1、人教版初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法暑假專題突破與鞏固 學(xué)案（九）12 / 12基礎(chǔ)語法專題：非謂語動詞篇第一部分：定義 概念清晰化非謂語動詞是一些特殊的動詞，它們在句中不能單獨作謂語，而有謂語以外的其他語法功能，在句子中不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語。非謂語動詞分不定式、動名詞、分詞三種。動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，在特殊情況下有時to可以省略。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時也具有動詞的部分特征，能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。動名詞由動詞加-ing構(gòu)成，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和

2、過去分詞兩種。它們在句中作定語、狀語、表語和補(bǔ)語。第二部分：知識歸類 知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)化動詞不定式分類圖解功能例句主語To speak English well isnt an easy job.賓語They decided to change their mind.賓語補(bǔ)足語He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定語He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表語Our plan is to set up another middle school for th

3、e children.狀語目的Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.結(jié)果He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.特例清單1.不定式作賓語(1)一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一場電影嗎?(2)在find，think后

4、面接不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3)常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式：why not do，had better(not) do，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) doI would rather stay at home.我寧愿待在家里。2.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西讓他將

5、收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母親鼓勵我學(xué)日語。注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(hear，listen to)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to。如：The boss made them work the whole

6、night.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。(2)如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )1.My parents always tell me _ more vegetables and fruit.A.eat B.eating C.eats D.to eat( )2.What would you like _ for your mum on Mothers Day?A dress

7、.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D .buys( )3.Do you climb mountains every day?Yes，_ a little exercise. Im so out of shape.A.getting B.get C.got D.to get( )4.Dont forget _ thanks when other people help you.A.accept B.to acceptC.say D.to say( )5.We dont have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?T

8、he best way _ money is to sell newspapers.A.raise B.to raise C.raising特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式分類圖解結(jié)構(gòu)例句tooto結(jié)構(gòu)She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.not+不定式The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road.疑問詞+不定式作主語How to solve the problem is very important.作賓語He didnt know what to say.作表語

9、The question is where to find the water.for+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式It is necessary for us to learn from each other.of+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式It is very kind of you to help me with my English.特例清單1.動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+動詞不定式。如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful t

10、o learn English well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2.不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句。如：The teacher is telling the students what

11、to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生要做什么。He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go)【題組訓(xùn)練】( )6.I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous.A.not to play B.to play notC.not playing D.not play( )7.What senior school do you want to go,Li Hua?Its hard for me _ a decision now.A.d

12、o B.to do C.make D.to make( )8.Its rather hot in the room. Youd better _ the windows or the door.A.close B.not to closeC.dont close D.not close( )9.My parents asked me _ computer games.A.not playing B.not to playC.not play( )10.Its dangerous _ a close look at the tiger in the zoo.A.for us talking B.

13、of us to takeC.of us taking D.for us to take動詞-ing形式分類圖解功能例句主語Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.賓語I finished doing my homework.表語The nurses job is looking after the patients.定語She is reading in the reading room.賓語補(bǔ)足語He kept the machine running for ten hours.狀語They went out of the classroom, talki

14、ng and laughing.特例清單1.英語中一些詞后常跟動名詞作賓語，初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成),mind(介意),be worth(值得),be busy(忙于),practice(練習(xí)),have fun(玩得高興),feel like(想要),be used to(習(xí)慣于),consider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡)。2.主語+ be + happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等)+to do sth.如：Im glad to see you again.我很高興再次見到你。Im sorry to hear

15、that.聽到這個消息我感到遺憾。3.幾組動詞接不定式及動名詞辨析：(1)stop doing/stop to dostop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事(2)forget doing/forget to doforget doing sth.忘記做過某事(事情已做)forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒做)(3)remember doing/remember to doremember doing sth.記得做過某事(事情已做)remember to do sth.記著去做某事(事情沒做)(4)try doin

16、g/try to dotry doing sth.嘗試著去做某事try to do sth.設(shè)法或努力去做某事(5)go on doing/go on to dogo on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做同一件事情go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事(6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth.allow doing sth.允許做某事allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事(7)regret doing/regret to doregret doing sth.對做過的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)regret to do

17、sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)(8)mean doing/mean to domean doing sth.意味著做某事mean to do sth.打算、想做某事【題組訓(xùn)練】( )11.Its getting cold. Would you mind_ the window?Of course not.A.closing B.to close C.closed( )12.Paul looks forward to _ his pen pal as soon as possible.A.meets B.meet C.meeting D.met( )13.My old neighbor Ch

18、arles enjoys _ photos. He always goes out with his camera.A.take B.to take C.taking D.took( )14._ vegetable juice is a good habit，which helps you eat a balanced diet.A.Drink B.Drank C.Drunk D .Drinking( )15.Grandpa has changed a lot.So he has.He spends more time than he used to _ games with the chil

19、dren.A.play B.playing C.played D.plays動詞的過去分詞分類圖解功能例句表語The door remained locked.定語The building built last year is now a department store.賓語補(bǔ)足語I heard my name called.狀語Heated water changes into steam.特例清單英語中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：She found the

20、 door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語有被動的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài))1.過去分詞用在get,have,make 的后面。注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：A)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”。如：I have had my bike repaired.我已經(jīng)請人把我的自行車修好了。B)表示“遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受影響，蒙受損失”。如： I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上個月在公汽上我的錢包被偷了。2.“make+賓語+過去分詞”,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的

21、。如：I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽見。3.過去分詞用在感官動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等后面。如：When we got to school,we saw the door locked.到學(xué)校時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖了。4.過去分詞用在“with +賓語賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.那個小偷被帶了進(jìn)來，他的手被綁在背后。5

22、.過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是主謂關(guān)系，其動作與謂語動作同時進(jìn)行。過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是動賓關(guān)系，其動作先于謂語動作。不定式作賓補(bǔ):表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。如：He didnt notice me waiting.他沒有注意到我正在等。I heard the song sung in English.我聽見這首歌被用英語唱了。I saw him opening the window.我看見他正在開窗戶。I saw the window opened.我看見窗戶被開了。I saw him open

23、the window.我看見他開了窗戶。I heard her sing the song in English.我聽見她用英語唱了這首歌?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】 ( )16.Do you have any difficulty in _ English?Yes，but I try to make myself_.A.to speak;understoodB.speaking;understandC.to speak;to understandD.speaking;understood( )17.He wants to have his TV_ .A.repairing B.repairedC.to r

24、epair( )18.He often drinks two cups of _ water when he comes back.A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.boils( )19.Why do you speak in _ loud voice?Because I want to make myself _ clearly.A.such;hear B.so;heardC.such;heard D.so;hear( )20.When are you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.A.cut B.to cut C.c

25、utting第三部分：綜合集訓(xùn) 效果數(shù)據(jù)化( )1.David enjoys _ music at weekend,but I prefer _ for a picnic.A.to listen;to go out B.listen to;going toC.listening to;go out D.listening to;to go out( )2.I really dont know_with this kind of problems.You can ask the teacher for help.A.what to do B.how to doC.why to do D.whic

26、h to deal( )3.Do you often plant trees,Wang Lin?Yes,we have _ hundreds of trees.A.plant B.planted C.plants D.planting( )4.We dont have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?Ok.What about _ a movie?A.to see B.seeingC.to seeing D.sees( )5.The boy is looking forward to _ a good time afte

27、r the exam.A.to have B.has C.having D.have( )6.Mary dances best in our school.I agree.Ill never forget _ her dance for the first time.A.seeing B.to see C.see D.seen( )7.It took my daughter two weeks to read the novels _ by Yang Hongying.A.write B.writesC.wrote D.written( )8.Your spoken English is mu

28、ch better than before.Thank you.Our teacher often asks us _ English as much as possible.A.to speak B.not to speakC.speak D.not speak( )9.Tom often makes his brother _ but yesterday he was made _ by his brother.A.cry;to cry B.to cry;cryC.cry;cry D.to cry;to cry( )10.We can use QQ to chat with each ot

29、her online.Really?Could you please show me _ it?A.when to do B.why to doC.how to do D.what to do( )11.Do you like going shopping on Sundays?No,I would rather _ books at home _ than shopping.A.to read;go B.read;to goC.read;go D.to read;to go( )12.When he saw a ticket on the ground, he stopped _.A.to

30、pick it up B.picking it upC.to pick up it D.pick up it( )13.We have two rooms ,but I cant decided _.A.to live;to choose which oneB.lived;choose which oneC.to live in;which one to chooseD.live in;which one( )14.What should I do,doctor?_ healthy, you should take exercise more and eat meat less.A.Keep B.KeepingC.To keep D.Kept( )15.Dont forget _ the door of the meeting room when you leave.Sure.A.to lock B.lockingC.lock D.locks( )16.Would you mind not _ here? Im doing my homework.A.sing B.singing C.sings D.to sing( )17.No matter how hard it is