第十四節(jié)--非謂語動詞

1、1/782/78 所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點(時態(tài)、定時態(tài)、定語從句、非謂語動詞語從句、非謂語動詞)之一之一, 正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有：正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有： 精精 講講 精精 練練考點講練31. 掌握句子結構, 即主、謂、賓等句子成分的劃分; 尤其是謂語的確認; 能識別簡單句, 并列句與復合句及簡單句的五種基

2、本句型。u( ) Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. Invited B. to inviteC. being invited D. were invitedA 分析分析 分析得出該句主語為most of the people, 謂語為were famous scientists。因此該題考查非謂語動詞作定語?！氨谎垍⒓油頃蟛糠秩耸侵茖W家?！贝鸢窤, 過去分詞表被動又表完成3/78A1. 掌握句子結構, 即主、謂、賓等句子成分的劃分; 尤其是謂語的確認; 能識別簡單句, 并列句與復合句及簡單句的五種基本

3、句型。u( ) On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin.A. bought B. buyingC. to buy D. buy 所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點(時態(tài)、定時態(tài)、定語從句、非謂

4、語動詞語從句、非謂語動詞)之一之一, 正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有：正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有： 精精 講講 精精 練練考點講練3 分析分析 句中Mrs. Green為主語, 后接由and連接的三個并列謂語, 形式一致。答案A。4/782. 通過大量的語言實踐形成語感。包含非謂語的句子常常是英語學習中反復操練了的句型, 應該做到脫口而出。uIt is not a good method just to remember the grammatical rules without practicing using the language when studying English. 學英語時,

5、光記語法規(guī)則而不練習使用它不是一個好方法。(不定式短語作真正主語)uI think it helpful to study English by listening to English broadcast constantly. (不定式短語作真正賓語不定式短語作真正賓語) 所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點(時態(tài)、定時態(tài)、定

6、語從句、非謂語動詞語從句、非謂語動詞)之一之一, 正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有：正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有： 精精 講講 精精 練練考點講練35/782. 通過大量的語言實踐形成語感。包含非謂語的句子常常是英語學習中反復操練了的句型, 應該做到脫口而出。uIt is not a good method just to remember the grammatical rules without practicing using the language when studying English. 學英語時, 光記語法規(guī)則而不練習使用它不是一個好方法。(不定式短語作真正主語)uCollectin

7、g stamps is a good but costly hobby. (動名詞作動名詞作主語主語) 所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點(時態(tài)、定時態(tài)、定語從句、非謂語動詞語從句、非謂語動詞)之一之一, 正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有：正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有： 精精 講講 精精 練練考點講練36/782. 通過大量的語言實踐形

8、成語感。包含非謂語的句子常常是英語學習中反復操練了的句型, 應該做到脫口而出。uIt is not a good method just to remember the grammatical rules without practicing using the language when studying English. 學英語時, 光記語法規(guī)則而不練習使用它不是一個好方法。(不定式短語作真正主語)uNot knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher. (分詞分詞作狀語作狀語) 所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分所謂非謂語動

9、詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點(時態(tài)、定時態(tài)、定語從句、非謂語動詞語從句、非謂語動詞)之一之一, 正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有：正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有： 精精 講講 精精 練練考點講練37/783. 在良好語感的基礎上, 分析比較總結非謂語即：不定式、動名詞與分詞之間的異同, 找出規(guī)律。 所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他

10、句子成分如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點(時態(tài)、定時態(tài)、定語從句、非謂語動詞語從句、非謂語動詞)之一之一, 正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有：正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有： 精精 講講 精精 練練考點講練38/784. 該記牢的一些知識點一定要記牢。如：哪些動詞后只能接不定式, 哪些動詞后只能接動名詞; 一些動詞的獨特用法。如：hope, suggest, understand, appreciate, prevent, catch等后不能

11、接不定式作賓補。uI hope you to work hard next term.( )uI hope (that) you will work hard next term. ( )uI understand him to change his mind. ( )uI understand him / his changing his mind. ( ) 所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語

12、動詞是英語語法中三大難點動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點(時態(tài)、定時態(tài)、定語從句、非謂語動詞語從句、非謂語動詞)之一之一, 正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有：正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有： 精精 講講 精精 練練考點講練39/784. 該記牢的一些知識點一定要記牢。如：哪些動詞后只能接不定式, 哪些動詞后只能接動名詞; 一些動詞的獨特用法。如：hope, suggest, understand, appreciate, prevent, catch等后不能接不定式作賓補。uThe boss caught the girl to steal goods from the shop. ( )u

13、The boss caught the girl stealing goods from the shop.( ) uMy father suggests me to major in medicine. ( )uMy father suggests me / my majoring in medicine. ( ) 所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分所謂非謂語動詞就是在句子中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、如主語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補及表語的動詞即：不定式、動名詞、分詞。非謂語動詞是英語語法中三大難點動名詞、分詞。非謂語

14、動詞是英語語法中三大難點(時態(tài)、定時態(tài)、定語從句、非謂語動詞語從句、非謂語動詞)之一之一, 正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有：正確學習非謂語動詞的方法有： 精精 講講 精精 練練考點講練310/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(一一)非謂語動詞作主語非謂語動詞作主語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3 能作主語的非謂語動詞有不定式和動名詞。兩者的區(qū)別是: 表示某一具體的動作時, 多用不定式; 表示比較抽象的一般的行為傾向時, 多用動名詞(這個區(qū)別同時存在于二者作賓語和表語)。 動名詞作主語時通常位于句首; 不定式作主語則常置于句末, 用it作形式主語放在句首。uIn fact it is a hard j

15、ob for the police to keep order in an important football match.uNodding the head means agreement.11/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(一一)非謂語動詞作主語非謂語動詞作主語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3 注意注意 習慣上It is no use / no good / no help / a waste of time 后接動名詞作主語。uIts no use crying over the broken vase.uIts a waste of time talking with him.12

16、/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較31. 表示希望、計劃、決定、同意等動詞只能接不定式作賓語表將來的動作, 常用的有： expect, hope, desire, wish, learn, offer, fail, plan, intend, agree, decide, arrange, attempt, determine, afford, promise, refuse等, 另外還有 pretend, manage。uIf you cant manage to work out the problem, dont pre

17、tend to be able to.uLittle Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. uWe agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下: 當不定式作賓語后接賓補時, 需用“it(形式賓語)賓補不定式(真正賓語)”的句型。uI find it impossible to remember so many words in an evening. 注意注意13/78 精精 講講 精精 練

18、練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較32. 下列動詞suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介詞(除but, except) 后接動名詞。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hu

19、nting any animals in the forests. 下列動詞短語接動名詞：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant help, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uOn hearing the news, all of us couldnt help jumping with joy.不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下:14/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓

20、語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較32. 下列動詞suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介詞(除but, except) 后接動名詞。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in

21、 the forests. 下列動詞短語接動名詞：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant help, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uId rather you left off whistling like that.不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下:15/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較32. 下列動詞suggest, fini

22、sh, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practise, miss, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介詞(除but, except外) 后接動名詞。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in the forests. 下列動詞短語接動名詞：leave off, put off,

23、give up, feel like, cant help, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uI dont feel like eating today, maybe I have caught cold.不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下:16/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較32. 下列動詞suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, pr

24、actise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介詞(除but, except) 后接動名詞。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in the forests. 下列動詞短語接動名詞：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant

25、help, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uI dont feel like eating today, maybe I have caught cold.不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下:下列詞組中的下列詞組中的to是介詞是介詞, 后常接動名詞作賓語。后常接動名詞作賓語。look forward to, devoteto, contribute to (導致) , get used to, pay attention to, be opposed

26、 to = object to (反對) , get down to (著手做), stick to, lead to, turn to, come close to (差點, 險些) , etc.uHer works have contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. 注意注意17/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較32. 下列動詞suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practi

27、se, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介詞(除but, except) 后接動名詞。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in the forests. 下列動詞短語接動名詞：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant help

28、, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uI dont feel like eating today, maybe I have caught cold.不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下:下列詞組中的下列詞組中的to是介詞是介詞, 后常接動名詞作賓語。后常接動名詞作賓語。look forward to, devoteto, contribute to (導致) , get used to, pay attention to, be opposed to

29、= object to (反對) , get down to (著手做), stick to, lead to, turn to, come close to (差點, 險些) , etc.uWith the price of beef going up, the farmers turned to raising cattle. 注意注意18/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較32. 下列動詞suggest, finish, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, practise, miss, escape, p

30、ardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, allow, permit, forbid, deny等和介詞(除but, except) 后接動名詞。uI feel terribly sorry to miss meeting you at the station.uWe dont allow hunting any animals in the forests. 下列動詞短語接動名詞：leave off, put off, give up, feel like, cant help, have trouble / di

31、fficulty(in) doing sth., be fond of, be worth, insist on等。uI dont feel like eating today, maybe I have caught cold.不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下:下列詞組中的下列詞組中的to是介詞是介詞, 后常接動名詞作賓語。后常接動名詞作賓語。look forward to, devoteto, contribute to (導致) , get used to, pay attention to, be opposed to = object to (反對) ,

32、get down to (著手做), stick to, lead to, turn to, come close to (差點, 險些) , etc.uIn the bad accident, he came close to being killed. 注意注意19/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較33. 某些動詞后既能接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語, 其區(qū)別如下：不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下: Begin start continue like love dislike hate prefer

33、 cant stand例句例句解析解析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思無差別, 但謂語動詞為進行時, 后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語, 若表某一特定的或具體的行動, 多接不定式, 如4、5句20/78 精

34、精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較33. 某些動詞后既能接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語, 其區(qū)別如下：不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下: remember, forget, regret, try例句例句解析解析1. Please remember to meet her at the station.uI remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.uI forgot giving it

35、to you yesterday.1. remember to do sth. 記住要去做某事uremember doing sth. 記得做過某事2. forget to do sth忘記要做某事uforget doing sth.忘記做過某事21/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較33. 某些動詞后既能接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語, 其區(qū)別如下：不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下: remember, forget, regret, try例句例句解析解析3. I regret to hear of

36、your sisters death.uI regret not having working hard.4. We must try to get everything ready.uTry knocking at the back door.3. regret to do sth.遺憾或抱歉uregret doing sth. 后悔做過 / 了某事4. try to do sth.設法, 試圖utry doing sth. 試試看, 試一試22/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較33. 某些動詞后既能接動名詞又可接不定式作賓

37、語, 其區(qū)別如下：不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)別如下區(qū)別如下: remember, forget, regret, try例句例句解析解析5.I had meant to go on Monday.uThat will mean flooding some land.5. mean to do sth.打算做, 想要umean doing sth. 意味著, 就是23/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(二二)非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較33. 某些動詞后既能接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語, 其區(qū)別如下：不定式和動名詞作賓語不定式和動名詞作賓語, 區(qū)

38、別如下區(qū)別如下: want, require, need例句例句解析解析uThese desks need repairing.uThese desks need to be repaired.uThe patient required examining.uThe patient required to be examined.need / want / require doing 需要被做 (主動表被動) =want / need / require to be done需要被做24/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(三三)非謂語動詞作賓補非謂語動詞作賓補3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較31.

39、不定式(除了在感觀動詞如see, hear等后表示動作的全過程外)的動作多發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞動作之后(具有“將來”的意義), 如：request, order, warn, cause, advise, persuade, wish, expect, would like, ask, tell, force, get, encourage 等?！罢埱?、建議、說服、希望某人去做某事”。uI would like you to speak at the meeting.uMy advisor encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my w

40、riting skills.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作賓語補足語和主語補足語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作賓語補足語和主語補足語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：1. 不定式在感觀動詞如see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, feel等后作賓補表示動作的全過程, 且省略不定式符號“to”uI saw the man come out of the house, get into a yellow car and drive off to the east.2. 不定式在let, make, have, see, watch, notice, hear, list

41、en to, feel sb. 后作賓補省“to”。但作主補時恢復“to”。uThough he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 注意注意25/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(三三)非謂語動詞作賓補非謂語動詞作賓補3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較31. 不定式(除了在感觀動詞如see, hear等后表示動作的全過程外)的動作多發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞動作之后(具有“將來”的意義), 如：request, order, warn, cause, advise, pers

42、uade, wish, expect, would like, ask, tell, force, get, encourage 等?！罢埱?、建議、說服、希望某人去做某事”。uI would like you to speak at the meeting.uMy advisor encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skills.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作賓語補足語和主語補足語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作賓語補足語和主語補足語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：3. 主語 + call on (upon)(號召)

43、 / depend on / wait for / ask for / count on(指望) + sb. + to do sth.。uIm waiting for you to give me the answer. 注意注意26/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(三三)非謂語動詞作賓補非謂語動詞作賓補3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較32. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補或主補表示正在進行的動作。uThe missing boys were last seen playing near the river.uDont leave the water running while you brush your te

44、eth.3. 過去分詞作賓補表示完成的動作或賓語所處的狀態(tài), 并且往往和賓語構成被動關系。uIt was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作賓語補足語和主語補足語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都能作賓語補足語和主語補足語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：27/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(四四)非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞作定語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：1. 不定式作定語有如下三種情況：(1)不定式

45、與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關系, 習慣上用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。uI have too much work to do, so I cant spare time to watch the football game.uIm hungry. Get me something to eat. 根據(jù)不定式與被修飾的名詞的關系, 注意在不定式動詞后面加上相應的介詞。uThere are five pairs to choose from, but Im at a loss which to buy.uWhen I handed the report to John, he said tha

46、t George was the person to hand it to. 注意注意28/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(四四)非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞作定語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：1. 不定式作定語有如下三種情況：(2)不定式常接在the first, the second, the last, the only等后作定語, 構成邏輯上的主謂關系。uThere is no one to look after her.uMadame Curie was the first to become a

47、 woman professor.29/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(四四)非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞作定語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：1. 不定式作定語有如下三種情況：(3)不定式常在下列詞語后作定語, 說明其內容：chance, wish, right, courage, need, promise, time, opportunity, way 等。uIf I get a chance to go to school, Ill make full use of every minute to s

48、tudy.uHe made a promise to lend me money, but I never got his money.30/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(四四)非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞作定語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與其所修飾的名詞有“主謂關系”, 常表示動作正在進行。當分詞短語作定語其作用完全相當于定語從句。uThere are a few boys swimming in the river. ( = There are a few boys who ar

49、e swimming in the river.)uThere is a car waiting outside. ( = There is a car which is waiting outside.)31/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(四四)非謂語動詞作定語非謂語動詞作定語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語不定式、動名詞和分詞都可以作定語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：3. 過去分詞作定語與其所修飾的名詞有“動賓關系”, 表示一個被動或完成的動作。uThe computer centre, opened last year, is very popular amo

50、ng the students in this school.uWhats the language spoken in that country? ( = Whats the language which is spoken in that country?) 就時間而言, 不定式作定語常表示將來; 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行; 過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成, 試比較：uThis is the problem to be discussed tomorrow.uThis is the problem being discussed now.uThis is the problem discussed ye

51、sterday. 注意注意32/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(五五)非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：1. 不定式作狀語有如下三種情況：(1)不定式短語用作目的狀語, 為了加強語氣, 可在不定式前加上in order或so as (so as to不放在句首)。uHe ran so fast as to catch the first bus.uI come here only to say good bye to you.33/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(五五)非

52、謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：1. 不定式作狀語有如下三種情況：(2)在表語形容詞后作原因狀語, 說明產(chǎn)生這些情緒的原因, 常見的形容詞有glad, pleased, happy, sorry, surprised, willing, eager, ready, disappointed, anxious, content, clever, angry, foolish, rude, cruel, right, wrong, quick, slow 等。uAll t

53、hrough his life, Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone. 不定式還可在 easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, heavy, light, expensive, nice, fit, safe, interesting, important, dangerous, cheap, good, pleasant, impossible 等形容詞后作狀語。和主語常為被動關系, 但不定式要用主動形式, 不定式為不及物動詞時, 應加上適當?shù)慕樵~。uIf humans continue to

54、 pollute the earth, it will not be fit for us to live on.uThe pen looks rather old, but in fact, it is very smooth to write with. 注意注意34/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(五五)非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：1. 不定式作狀語有如下三種情況：(3)作結果狀語。常用于以下句型enoughto, tooto, soas to do, su

55、ch + n.as to do, 和only to do表示出人意料的結果。uThe girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus and support him across the street.uWe hurried to the classroom only to find none there.uIm not such a fool as to believe that.35/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(五五)非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語不定式、現(xiàn)在分

56、詞和過去分詞都能作狀語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：2. 分詞短語放在句首多作原因、條件、時間等狀語，其作用完全相當于一個狀語從句。在句末多作方式、伴隨狀語，也可作結果狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞短語表被動和完成。另外，分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致。(1)時間狀語(分詞作狀語前面可加when, while, once等)uSeen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. = When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.36/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(

57、五五)非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：2. 分詞短語放在句首多作原因、條件、時間等狀語，其作用完全相當于一個狀語從句。在句末多作方式、伴隨狀語，也可作結果狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞短語表被動和完成。另外，分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致。(2) 原因狀語uNot having finished her work in time, the boss fired her. = As she hadnt finished her work in tim

58、e, the boss fired her.uTired from the trip, he soon feel asleep. = Because he was tired from the trip, he soon fell asleep.37/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(五五)非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：2. 分詞短語放在句首多作原因、條件、時間等狀語，其作用完全相當于一個狀語從句。在句末多作方式、伴隨狀語，也可作結果狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞短語

59、表被動和完成。另外，分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致。(3) 條件狀語(分詞前可加if, unless)uGiven more time, I would have worked out the problem. = If I had been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.38/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(五五)非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀語, 區(qū)別如下：區(qū)別如下：2. 分詞短語放在句首多作原

60、因、條件、時間等狀語，其作用完全相當于一個狀語從句。在句末多作方式、伴隨狀語，也可作結果狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞短語表被動和完成。另外，分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致。(4) 伴隨狀語uShe stood under the tree, reading a book.uThe secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the manager.39/78 精精 講講 精精 練練(五五)非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語 3一、非謂語動詞句法功能的比較3不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都能作狀