管理經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 第三章 1

1、Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 1Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, 5th EditionbyDominick SalvatoreChapter 3Demand TheoryPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a divi

2、sion of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 2Law of Demand There is an inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of the good demanded per time period. Substitution Effect Income EffectPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of

3、Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 3Individual Consumers DemandQdX = f(PX, I, PY, T)quantity demanded of commodity X by an individual per time periodprice per unit of commodity Xconsumers incomeprice of related (substitute or complementary) commoditytastes of the consumerQdX =PX =I =PY =T =

4、Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 4QdX = f(PX, I, PY, T)QdX/PX 0 if a good is normalQdX/I 0 if X and Y are substitutesQdX/PY 0 if X and Y are complementsPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 b

5、y South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 5Market Demand Curve Horizontal summation of demand curves of individual consumers Bandwagon Effect Snob EffectPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights r

6、eserved.Slide 6Horizontal Summation: From Individual to Market DemandPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 7Market Demand FunctionQDX = f(PX, N, I, PY, T)quantity demanded of commodity Xprice per unit of commod

7、ity Xnumber of consumers on the marketconsumer incomeprice of related (substitute or complementary) commodityconsumer tastesQDX =PX =N =I =PY =T =Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 8Demand Faced by a Firm Ma

8、rket Structure Monopoly Oligopoly Monopolistic Competition Perfect Competition Type of Good Durable Goods Nondurable Goods Producers Goods - Derived DemandPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 9Linear Demand Fu

9、nctionQX = a0 + a1PX + a2N + a3I + a4PY + a5TPXQXIntercept:a0 + a2N + a3I + a4PY + a5TSlope:QX/PX = a1Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 10Price Elasticity of Demand/PQ QQ PEP PP QLinear FunctionPoint Defini

10、tion1PPEaQPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 11Price Elasticity of DemandArc Definition21212121PQQPPEPPQQPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning.

11、All rights reserved.Slide 12Marginal Revenue and Price Elasticity of Demand11PMRPEPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 13Marginal Revenue and Price Elasticity of DemandPXQXMRX1PE1PE1PEPrepared by Robert F. Bro

12、oker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 14Marginal Revenue, Total Revenue, and Price ElasticityTRQX1PEMR01PE1PEMR=0Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

13、Slide 15Determinants of Price Elasticity of DemandDemand for a commodity will be more elastic if: It has many close substitutes It is narrowly defined More time is available to adjust to a price changePrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learnin

14、g. All rights reserved.Slide 16Determinants of Price Elasticity of DemandDemand for a commodity will be less elastic if: It has few substitutes It is broadly defined Less time is available to adjust to a price changePrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of

15、Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 17Income Elasticity of DemandLinear FunctionPoint Definition/IQ QQIEI IIQ3IIEaQPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 18Income Elasticity of DemandArc Definition212121

16、21IQQIIEIIQQNormal GoodInferior Good0IE 0IE Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 19Cross-Price Elasticity of DemandLinear FunctionPoint Definition/XXXYXYYYYXQQQPEPPPQ4YXYXPEaQPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.

17、D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide 20Cross-Price Elasticity of DemandArc DefinitionSubstitutesComplements21212121XXYYXYYYXXQQPPEPPQQ0XYE0XYEPrepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved