北京科技大學(xué)201-2015學(xué)年第二學(xué)期語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論期末考試B含答案2016考研必備

1、北京科技大學(xué)2021- 2021學(xué)年 第 二 學(xué)期1.2.3.4.56.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.I. Choose from the following the one that best fits the blank and write down the correct answer below (1x15):語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論試卷(B)院(系)班級(jí) 學(xué)號(hào) 姓名試卷卷面成績(jī)占課程考核成績(jī)平時(shí) 成績(jī)占30%課程考核成績(jī)題號(hào)一一三四五六七八九十小計(jì)得分自覺(jué)遵裝守考訂試線規(guī)那么內(nèi)誠(chéng)不信考得試,答絕不題作弊1. The relationship between tulip"

2、 and flower" is.A. synonymy B. antonymy C. hyponymy D. oppositeness2. The study of language through the course of its history is called.A. synchronic studyB. diachronic studyC. descriptive studyD. prescriptive study3. Which of the following is not the focus of pragmatics:A. contextual meaning B

3、. utterance meaningC. metaphorical meaning D. speaker meaning4. The distinction between constatives and performatives was proposed by.A. William JamesB. John AustinC. John SearleD. Paul Grice5. In the syllable , the first k belongs to the .A. onset B. rhyme C. nucleus D. coda6. The English word “art

4、ificialsatellite" is borrowed from the Russian sputnik. It's an example of.A. loanword B. loanblend C. loanshift D. loan translation7. Which of following semantic change is known as zero-derivation？A. Broadening. B. Narrowing. C. Meaning shift. D. Class shift.8. A rose by any other name wou

5、ld smell as sweet. This shows that language has the design feature of.A. arbitrariness B. creativity C. duality D. displacement9. Concerning the origin of language, the existence of onomatopoeic words seem to be a convenient evidence for.A. the bow-wow theoryB. the pooh-pooh theoryC. the yo-he-ho th

6、eoryD. the evolutionist theory10. The distinction between linguistic competence and performance was proposed by.A. Jacobson B. Bloomfield C. D. H. Hymes D. Chomsky11. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is called.A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phoneticsD.

7、 perceptual phonetics12. Which of the following is the correct description of k？A. voiceless alveolar stopB. voiceless alveolar fricativeC. voiceless velar stopD. voiceless velar fricative13. Which of the following is described as low back lax rounded vowel"？A. B. C. D. u14. In Chinese, ph in 拼

8、 and p in 賓 are.A. two allophonesB. two allomorphsC. two phonemesD. two morphemes15. / is used for.A. broad transcriptionB. narrow transcriptionC. phonetic transcription D. phonemic transcriptionII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write the answer below (1x 15):1.2.3.4.

9、5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.1. A relative clause is joined to the sentence through a process called conjoining.2. Paradigmatic relation is a term used by Saussure to refer to the relation of substitutability.3. Poly-morphemic words are also called compounds, as they consist of at least two different

10、 morphemes.4. The distinction between open-class words and closed-class words is based on whether the membership of the group is fixed or limited.5. The distinction between Sense andreference" is comparable to that betweendenotation" and Connotation", the former referring to abstract

11、properties, the latter concrete entities.6. Bigger and smaller form a pair of gradable antonyms, although they involve a relation between two entities, because the original forms big and small are gradable antonyms.7. In Katz and Fodors semantic theory, there are two parts: a dictionary and a set of

12、 projection rules.8. Propositional logic and predicate logic are branches of logical semantics, which isconcerned with the meaning of propositions.9. The fact that we can refer to Confucius or the North Pole, which are far away from us intime or space, is a typical example of the creativity of langu

13、age.10. By cardinal vowels, we refer to a set of basic vowels in the received pronunciation of British English.自覺(jué)遵裝守考訂試線規(guī)那么內(nèi)誠(chéng)不信考得試,答絕11. When we say that two words are synonyms, we mean they have the same associative meaning.12. By reflective meaning", Leech means what is communicated through a

14、ssociation with another sense of the same expression.13. The Chinese lines 牯藤老樹昏鴉,小橋流水人家 stand as an typical example ofhypotactic relation between sentences.14. For sounds to be allophones of the same phoneme they must be complementarily distributed and must have phonetic similarity.15. Self-control

15、" is an example of endocentric compound while breakthrough' is an example of exocentric compound.III. Define the following terms (5x 6):1. anticipatory coarticulation:2. illocutionary act:3. grammatical word4. recursiveness5. maximal onset principle6. inflectional affix:IV. Answer the follo

16、wing questions briefly (10 x 2):1. Explain why the letter n is pronounced differently in pairs like since vs. sink and pan vs. pancake'.2. Explain the main characteristics of subjects in English.自 覺(jué) 遵 守 考 試 規(guī) 那么誠(chéng) 信 考 試絕 不 作 弊訂 線 內(nèi) 不 得 答題得分V. What is the Cooperative Principle？ What are its maxims

17、？ Please illustratewith at least two examples how the violation of the maxims can give rise to conversational implicature (20):北京科技大學(xué)2021 2021學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論試題答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I. 15分,每題1分1. C2. B 3. C4. B5. A6. C7. D 8. A9. A10. D 11. B12. C13. C14. C15. DII. (15分,每題1分1. F2. F 3. F4. T5. F6. F7. T 8. T9. F10. F

18、11. F12. T13. F14. T15. TIII. (30分,每題5分)1. This is a phonetic term to refer to the process in which simultaneous and overlapping articulation are involved (1 point). In this process, a sound becomes more like the following sound(3 point), as in the case of lamb, the production of is affected by the

19、following nasal m (1 point)2. This is a concept proposed by John Austin to account for in what sense to say something is to do something (1 point). When we speak, we not only produce certain sounds, but also make clear our purpose and intention (3 point). A speech act in this sense is called an illo

20、cutionary act (1 point).3. Grammatical words are words that mainly work for constructing group, phrase, clause, clause complex or even text (3 points), such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns (1 point). They serve to link together different content parts (1 point).4. Recursivenessm

21、ainly means that a phrasal constituent can be embedded within another constituent having the same category (2 points), but it has become an umbrella term for different means of extending sentences(2 points), such as coordination and subordination, conjoining and embedding, hypotactic and paratactic

22、(1 point).5. This is a principle concerning the division of syllables (1 point). When there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda (4 points).6. Inflectional affixes are bound morphemes that are added to stems to add a minute or delicate grammatic

23、al function to the stem (2 points), which do not change the word class of the stem (2 points). For example, -es in teaches, -ing in teaching, etc (1 point).IV.(每題10分,共20分)1. The different pronunciation of the letter n in each pair can be accounted for by a語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論 試卷B 第6頁(yè)共8頁(yè)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論 試卷B 第7頁(yè)共8頁(yè)phonological

24、 process called assimilation (2 points), in which the pronunciation of a sound is affected by its neighbouring sound (2 points). The letter n in all words might be originally pronounced n, but in sink and pancake, as this sound is followed by a velar sound k, the alveolar nasal is affected and becom

25、es velarized, so it is pronounced instead (4 points). The two are both examples of regressive assimilation, in which a following sound influences a preceding sound (2 points).2. English subjects have the following properties:1) Word order: Subject ordinarily precedes the verb in statement. (2 points

26、)2) Pro-forms: The first and third person pronouns in English appear in a special form when the pronoun is a subject. This form is not used when the pronoun occurs in other positions. (2 points)3) Agreement with verb: In the simple present tense, an -s is added to the verb when a third person subjec

27、t is singular. (2 points)4) Content questions: if the subject is replaced by a question word (who or what), the rest of the sentence remains unchanged. But when any other element of the sentenceis replaced by a question word, an auxiliary verb must appear before the subject. (2 points)5) Tag questio

28、n: A TAG QUESTION is used to seek confirmation of a statement. It always contains a pronoun which refers back to the subject, and never to any other element in the sentence. (2 points)V. (20 分)According to Paul Grice, when we are engaged in a conversation, we try to make our conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage