初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全：冠詞

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全：冠詞冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有詞義，它用在名詞的前面幫助指 明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞a（an）和定冠詞the兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意義，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目觀念，只表 示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這”、“那”、 “這些”、“那些”的意思，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可 以用。I不定冠詞We need an apple and a knife.我們需要一個(gè)蘋果和一把刀子。1.a和an的區(qū)別不定冠詞有a+和an+Q兩種形式，a用于輔音（不是輔音字母）開頭的 詞前。an用于元音（不是元音字母）開頭的詞前。a boy,

2、 a university, a European countryu是元音字母，但發(fā)音是U（，是輔音。an hour，an honor，an islandh是輔音字母，但它不發(fā)音，它的音標(biāo)是是元音。an elephant，an umbrella，an egg2（1）不定冠詞的用法1泛指類人或物。eg. This is a pencil case.2指不具體的某個(gè)人或物。eg. I met an old man On my way home.3用在序數(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.eg. Theres a third boy near the shop.4表示“每一（個(gè)）”,相當(dāng)于every.eg

3、.They have music lessonstwice a week.必背！give alessonhave a headache散步 頭疼a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such ahave a look, have a try, havea swim, a quarter, halftimes a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilotake a bath洗（個(gè)）澡have a fever教（一堂）課have a talktime聽報(bào)告have（take）a walk發(fā)燒

4、have a rest休息have a good過(guò)得愉快have a nice trip旅途愉快an, have a word with,（2）不定冠詞的位置1不定冠詞般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。eg, a bike, an egg2當(dāng)名詞被such, what, many修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.an hour, threeWhat a dangerous job it is

5、！Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.3當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so, how, too等詞時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之 后。Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.How nice a film this is！4當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite, rather, very時(shí)，不定冠詞放在quite, rather之后,very之前。eg.It is quite a good book.That is rather a useful too1.

6、This is a very interesting story.II.定冠詞的用法（1）定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過(guò)的人或物。eg：I have two children, a boy and a girl. The boys name is Mark.The girls name is Penny.（2）特指某（些）人或物。eg：The girl in a red dress comes from America.（3）指說(shuō)話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或物。eg：My shoes are under the bed.Please open the window.（4）用在形容最高級(jí)和部分比較級(jí)

7、前，及形容詞only，very，same等Eg: Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.Tom is the taller of the two boys.He is the only person who didnt pass the exam.他是唯一一個(gè)沒(méi)通過(guò)考試的人。（5）用在序數(shù)詞前。eg Monday is the second day of a week.Where do you live? I live on the second floor.（6）用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前（如太陽(yáng)、月亮、世界、地球、天空、 宇宙等）。eg The

8、 moon moves round the earth.（7）用在某些形容詞前，表示類人或物。the rich（富人），the poor（窮人），the deaf（聾人），the blind（盲人），the dead（死者）,the wounded（傷員）（8）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示“某某家人”或“某某夫婦”。eg. The Greens are having dinner at home.（9）用在樂(lè)器前。 （但中國(guó)民族樂(lè)器前不用冠詞，play Erhu拉二胡）eg. play the pianoguitarviolind rums.（10）用于逢“十”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，指某個(gè)世紀(jì)中的幾十年代或人

9、的大約 年歲。eg. In the 1970s, a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.I think he is in the thirties.那正是我要找的東西。11）用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面the Yangzi River長(zhǎng)江the North China Plain華北平原the Rocky Mountains洛磯山脈the Black Sea黑海12）用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面the Beijing Railway Station北京站the Peoples Republ

10、ic of China中華人民共和國(guó)the United Nations聯(lián)合國(guó)13）含有定冠詞the的詞組in the morning (afternoon ,evening )在上午（下午、晚上）on the right在左邊by the way順便說(shuō)一下go to the cinema (theatre ,concert）去看電影（看戲、聽音樂(lè)會(huì)in the front of在前部in the front of在中間at (in) the beginning開始in the end終于in the daytime白天on the one hand , on the other hand一方

11、面；另一方面、，I 、+ :注意：表示某一類人或事物時(shí)，以下三種方法都可以。如：The horse is a useful animal.用定冠詞）（3） 名詞前有whose, which, any, each, every eg. Whichman is Mr Green？Each student has a beautiful picture.（4）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時(shí)不用冠詞。eg. Those young men are teachers, not students.5）物質(zhì)名詞表示種類時(shí)不用冠詞。eg. Snow is white.（6）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)不用冠詞。eg.Do

12、es she like music？（7）在球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和棋類游戲前時(shí)不用冠詞eg.play basketballsoccerchess（8）在三餐前不用冠詞。eg. have breakfastlunchsupperdinnerA horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物。III.不用冠詞的情況： （1）名詞前有指示代詞eg. That girl is my friend.（2）名詞前有物主代詞eg. Lucy is her sister.用不定冠詞）用復(fù)數(shù)）this, that, these, thosemy, y

13、our, his her, their時(shí)不用冠詞等時(shí)不用冠詞。等代詞時(shí)不用冠詞。（9）在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。eg.Tina, China, Tiananmen Square, New Years Day, Tuesday,January National Day國(guó)慶節(jié)、，I 、+ :注意 在民間節(jié)日，即以Festival組成的節(jié)日名稱前要加the。如：the Spring festival春節(jié)（10）在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。（11）家庭成員的名稱、稱呼語(yǔ)或只有一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù)的名詞前不用冠詞此時(shí)要用大寫MotherFather is at home, but Mother

14、isnt.此時(shí)要用大寫Mother爸爸在家，媽媽不在家。Well make you monitor.我們會(huì)讓你當(dāng)上班長(zhǎng)的。Sir, may you answer me a question?先生， 您能回答我一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？My favorite is English.（12）在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。eg.at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot,from morning till night,at night, go to school, go to bed, at last 4.在有些詞組中，用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區(qū)別in ho

15、spital（在住院）；in the hospital（在醫(yī)院）in pris on（在坐牢）；in the pris on（在監(jiān)獄里）at table（吃飯，用餐）；at the table（在桌旁）in front of（在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面）；in the front of（在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面）go to college（上大學(xué)）；go to the college（去那所大學(xué)）take place（發(fā)生）；take the place（代替）IV、冠詞基本用法【速記口訣】名詞是禿子，常要戴帽子，可數(shù)名詞單，須用a或an,輔音前用a,an在元音前，若為特指時(shí)，則須用定冠，復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，泛

16、指the不見，碰到代詞時(shí)，冠詞均不現(xiàn)。【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】冠詞是中考必考的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之一，也是中考考查的主要對(duì)象。以上口訣包括的意思有：名詞在一般情況下不單用，常常要和冠詞連用；表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an，確指時(shí)要用定冠詞the:如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指，名詞前有this，these，my，some等時(shí)就 不用冠詞。V冠詞的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1Its time for dinner.Kings are attable.A. /,the B. the, the C. The,/ D./,/答案：C.在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前用the表示一家人，就餐用at table.2-What do you usually ha

17、ve for breakfast?-I ofte n havebread andmilk.A./,/ B./,the C. a,/ D. the, the答案：A.物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。3Dont give up, try forsec ond twice.A. the B. a C./ D. an答案：B.根據(jù)題意，請(qǐng)?jiān)僭囈淮危驍?shù)詞seco nd前加a,表示ano ther。4Would you go forwalk with me aftersupper?A. the,/ B. a,/ C./,the D./,a答案：B. go for a walk為固定搭配，三餐前不加冠詞。5There isnt water or air on the moon, andman cant live on it.A. a B. the C. one D./答案：D.當(dāng)man表示人類時(shí)，前面不加冠詞。6more you read En glish,better youll lear n.A. The, the B./,/ C. A, a D. The, a答案：A.定冠詞the