初中現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)講解及練習(xí)

1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載初三語法專項訓(xùn)練：現(xiàn)在完成時用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：助動詞have（has）+過去分詞，1.表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我剛洗過衣月艮。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語有：already（"已經(jīng)”用于肯定句的中間和末尾處）never（“從不”用于中間處）ever（"曾經(jīng)”用于疑問句和肯定句的中間處）just（“剛剛”用于中間處）yet（“已經(jīng)”用于疑問句的末尾處/“還”用于否定句的末尾處）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法

2、比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）Itaughthereforayear.我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）練習(xí)：I.翻譯下列句子:學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載1

3、 .你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯條嗎?2 .我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書。3 .我以前從來沒去過那個農(nóng)場。4 .他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。5 .你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？6 .我哥哥還沒回來。7 .我上星期看過這部電影。8 .在1992年他住在這里。II.用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時填空：1. “you(have)lunch?"Yes：'"“Whenyou(have)it?”"I(have)itat12:00.”2. “you(write)alettertoyourauntyet?"“Yes,I.I(write)onelastweek.”3. “he(finish)hishomewo

4、rk?"Notyet.”4. "theyever(be)abroad?"Yes/justonce.”5. Yourfatherjust(finish)hiswork.6. Yourfather(finish)hisworkjustnow.7. LasttermI(learn)manyEnglishwords.8. They(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9. Henever(go)tothesciencemuseum.10. youever(drink)coke?11. “you(buy)adictionary?"Yes,

5、I.“Whereyou(buy)it?"I(buy)itinabookstore.”“Whenyou(buy)it?"Yesterday.”學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Since和for的用法表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)常用的時間狀語有：for,since,howlong,sofar,theseday鑄。Since+過去點(diǎn)的時間，for+一段時間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用how10ng提問。一、since短語或從句表示過去的動作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時間為一點(diǎn)。如：Mr.Smithhasworkedheresince1984.198存以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。He

6、'slearnedabout5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollegeftfl上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個英語單詞。二、for短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間，for的賓語為時間段。如：Wehaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.我們認(rèn)識有二十年了。Ihaven'tseenherforalongtime.我好久沒有見到她了。練習(xí)：用since和for填空1)twoyears2)twoyearsago3).lastmonth4)19995)yesterday6).4o'clock7)4hours8)anhourago9)_we

7、werechildren10)lunchtime11)shelefthere1. HehaslivedinNanjingtheyearbeforelast.2. I'knownhimwewerechildren.3. OurteacherhasstudiedJapanesethreeyears.4. Shehasbeenawayfromthecityabouttenyears.5. It'sabouttenyearssheleftthecity.2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性arriveat/insw.getto/e/go/movetosw.beinsw./atschool/athome

8、/onthefarm/behere/bethere學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載1) HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor2) ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.ItheUSAsince3) Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor4) Theycameherelastweek.Te/goback,returnbebackcome/gooutbeout1) Hecameouttwoyearsago.Hefor2) WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.WetoFuzhousince.bec

9、ome一be1) Ibecameateacherin2000.Iateacherfor.2) Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriverdirtyfor.closefbeclosedopenbeopen1) Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshopfor2) Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorforsixhours.getup一beupdie一bedeadleavesw.beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleep一beasleep學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載finish/endbe

10、overmarrybemarried1) Igotuptwohoursago.Isince.2) HeleftFuzhoujustnow.HeFuzhouforfiveminutes.3) Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpafor.4) Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetingforsixhours.5) Igottosleeptwohoursago.Isince.6) Theymarriedin1990.Theysince.start/begintodosth.dosth.beginbeon1) Ibegantoteachatthissch

11、oolin1995.Iatthisschoolsince.2) Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmfor.CDborrowkeeplosenothavebuyhaveputonwearcatch/getacoldhaveacoldgettoknowknow1) Theyborroweditlastweek.Theyitsince2) Iboughtapentwohoursago.Iapenfor3) Igottoknowhimlastyear.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載Ihimsince.4) Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.Imyglasse

12、sfor. have/hasgonetohavebeenin1） HehasgonetoBeijing.HeBeijingfortwodays. jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeague/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartyfbeintheleague/theParty/thearmy1 ）Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.Heafortwoyears.Heathefortwoyears.Hetheleaguefortwoyears.2 ）Mybrotherjoinedthear

13、mytwoyearsago.Mybrotherafor.Mybrotherinfortwoyears.3 .漢譯英1）這本字典我已買了三年了。2）他離開中國三年了。3）我認(rèn)識他們五年了。4）他們已去了美國五年了。5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。7）我妹妹成為一個大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載8）這會已開了多長時間了?9)這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。10)我入團(tuán)2年了。Itwoyearsago.Iafortwoyears.Iaoffortwoyears.Ithefortwoyears.11)自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識。12)我來到農(nóng)場已5年了。4 .劃線提問1) Ihav

14、ebeentherefortwodays.you?2) Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.yourfather?3) Helefthereyesterday.he?4) Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.theyabook?havebeenin,havebeentoWhavegoneto的用法一、have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。止匕夕卜還有這些搭配：

15、havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarm學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載havebeenhere(there)/abroad二、have(has)beentol示"曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just,ever,never等連用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：Ihavebee

16、ntoBeijingthreetimes.我去過北京三次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。三、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了"，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。例如：-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshop.湯姆在哪里？他到J書店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。練習(xí)：I.用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A: WhereLiFei

17、?B: HetoHainanIsland.A: Howlonghethere?B: Hethereforthreedays.A: Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B: I'mafraidhewon'tcomebackrecentlyA:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載B:Sorry,Ineverthere.A: HowmanytimesLiFeitothatplace?B: Hethereonlyonce.II.用have/hasbeento/in,havegonet及go的各種形式填空。1) W

18、hereisJack?Hehiscountry.2) Davidtheparkjustnow.3) JohnEnglandsincehecameback.4) Howlonghavethisvillage?5) TheSmithsBeijingforyears.6) youeverAmerica?-Yes,Itheremanytimes.7) Ithisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8) WhereisJim?Hethefarm.9) Whenhe?Heanhourago.10) Wouldyouliketothezoowithme?-Yes,butItherebefore

19、.11) Whereyounow?-Ithezoo.12) Heoftenswimming.13)youtherelastyear?14)theyoftenskatinginwinter?III.翻譯下列句子：1 .他已經(jīng)來中國三年多了。2 .他們出國兩個月了。3 .我從來沒去過長城學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載4 .你曾經(jīng)出過國嗎？5 .他已經(jīng)去圖書館了。6 .他來這兒五年了。7 .昨天他去了公園。8 .“你要去哪里？”“我要去學(xué)校9 .他常常去游泳。綜合練習(xí)：1. 用never,ever,already,yet,for,since1（空1. Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoid

20、eaabouthim.2. Jackhasfinishedhishomeworkanhourago.3. Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschooltenyears.4. “Haveyouseenthefilm?"No,Ihaveseenit.5. “Hasthebusleft?”丫es,ithasleft.”II.翻譯下列句子:1.他們已經(jīng)打掃了教室嗎?2 .我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識有二十年了學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載3 .打那以后，她一直住在這。4 .“你曾經(jīng)到過那里嗎？”“不，我從來沒到過那里。”III.用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)填空：I.She's(live)hereeversinceshew