第七部分構(gòu)成句式的基本單元

1、第七部分 構(gòu)成句式的基本單元-詞匯下面的內(nèi)容雖然與帖子的名稱不太相符，但是作為構(gòu)成句式的基本單元-詞匯，也是不容忽視的啊。學(xué)習(xí)過程中收集、整理了不少令我疑惑的詞匯（詞組），曾經(jīng)在OE網(wǎng)站張貼，現(xiàn)把精華部分粘貼于此，希望大家對我的理解提出批評和指正。一、“閃光”之說：1、shine: 照耀，指光穩(wěn)定發(fā)射；2、glitter: 閃光，指光不穩(wěn)定發(fā)射；3、glare: 耀眼，表示光的強度最大；4、sparkle:閃爍，指發(fā)射微細的光度。二、打破”之說：1、break: 一般用語，經(jīng)打擊或施加壓力而破碎；2、crack:出現(xiàn)了裂縫，但還沒有變成碎片；3、crush: 指從外面用力向內(nèi)或從上向下壓而致碎

2、；4、demolish: 破壞，鏟平或削平（如土壤，建筑物，城堡等）；5、destroy: 在肉體上、精神上或道義上徹底摧毀，使之無法復(fù)原；6、shatter:突然使一個物體粉碎；7、smash: 指由于突如其來的一陣暴力帶一聲響而徹底粉碎。三、有關(guān)“死”之說：1、去世，與世長辭：to pass away;2、壽終： to close (end) one's day;3、咽氣，斷氣： to breathe one's last;4、歸西： to go west;5、了解塵緣： to pay the debt of nature;6、命歸黃泉： to depart to the

3、world of shadows;7、見閻王： to give up the gost;8、翹辮子： to kick the bucket;9、蹬腿： to kick up one's heels;10、不吃飯： to lay down one's knife and fork.四、有關(guān)"懷孕"（pregnant）之說：1、she is having baby;2、she is expecting;3、she is in a family way;4、she is in a deliacate condition;5、she is in an interes

4、ting condition;6、she is knitting little booties.五、"broken"涵義種種：1、a broken man: 一個絕望的人；2、a broken soldier: 一個殘廢的軍人；3、broken money: 零花錢；4、a broken promise: 背棄的諾言；5、broken English: 蹩腳的英語；6、a broken spirit: 消沉的意志；7、a broken heart: 破碎的心。八、準確理解“kill”（后面附詞義）:1、he killed the man.殺；2、he killed the

5、dog,宰；3、he killed time down at the park,消磨；4、he killed his chance of success,斷送；5、he killed the motion when it came from the committee,否決；6、he killed himself by overwork,致死；7、he killed the spirit of the group,抹殺；8、he killed three bottles of whiskey in a week,喝光；9、kill the peace,扼殺；10、kill the friend

6、ship,終止；11、kill a marriage,解除。九、“聲譽”種種：1、fame:褒義，指關(guān)于一個人的人格、行為、才能等方面的優(yōu)點；2、reputation和repute差不多，可褒義可貶義，指對人或物的評價、看法，詞義較窄；3、distinction，褒義，指因職銜、地位或人格所造成的，通常包含“優(yōu)越于人，與眾不同”；4、renown，褒義，指顯赫的聲譽或應(yīng)該得到的榮譽；5、notoriety，貶義，與fame相對應(yīng)。十、“空空如也”：1、hollow，表示“空洞的，虛的，不實的，下陷的，可以和tree, voice, sound, cheeks等連用；2、vacant，表示”沒人

7、占用的，出缺的“，常和position, room, house, seat等連用；3、empty，表示”空的，一無所有的“，可以和house, room, cup, box, stomatch, head, words等連用.十一、你能理解”or“嗎？1、連接兩個對等的事物或人，可譯為”或“，”或者“；2、前后為同一個事物時，應(yīng)譯為”即“，”或稱“，”或作“The exact mechanism of Yutin, or vitamin P as is sometimes called, on the capillary wall is not understood.附譯文：路丁，即有時所稱

8、的維生素P，其對毛細血管壁的確切作用（機理）還不了解。3、連接兩組數(shù)字，代表不同單位的同一數(shù)量時，一般譯為”合“，”等于“；Normal temperature in man is 98.6F or 37C(遺憾的時表溫度上標我不會)。4、從or中導(dǎo)致方面結(jié)果時，應(yīng)譯為”否則“；Hurry up, or you will be late.5、”or so “左右；"or more"以上；"or rather"甚至十二、general"涵義種種：1、全身麻醉 general anesthesia2、普查，集體檢查 general check-up

9、3、一般健康情況 general health condition4、綜合性醫(yī)院 general hospital5、總路線 genegral line6、大綱 general outline7、彌漫性腹膜炎 general peritonitis8、普通醫(yī)師 general practitioner9、總查（?。┓?general purpose10、秘書長 general secretary十三、你能“定”下來嗎？1、set a date: 決定日期2、set an example：樹立榜樣3、set fruit：結(jié)果子4、set a fire： 點火5、set a severed lim

10、b：斷肢再接6、set sail：開航，起航7、set the camera lens：調(diào)整（相機）鏡頭8、set a pen to paper:：動筆，下筆9、set a new task：提出新任務(wù)10、set down all items：記下所有項目11、set oneself to learn from：決心向。學(xué)習(xí)十四、你知道這有多”重“？1、heavy applause：熱烈的鼓掌2、heavy gait：沉重的步態(tài)3、heavy chemicals大量生產(chǎn)的化學(xué)藥品4、heavy sea 波濤洶涌的海面5、heavy sleep：熟睡6、heavy smoker：煙癮大的人7、

11、heavy current：強電流8、heavy eater：食量大的人9、heavy task：繁重的任務(wù)10、heavy food：油膩而難消化的食物11、heavy traffic:擁擠的交通12、heavy weather：惡劣的天氣13、heavy road：泥濘的路14、heavy rain：大雨15、heavy clouds：厚云16、heavy crops：豐收17、heavy frost：濃霜18、heavy wine：烈酒19、heavy news：悲痛的消息20、heavy heart：憂愁的心21、heavy fire：猛烈的炮火22、heavy bread：沒有發(fā)酵好

12、的面包23、heavy wire：粗線24、heavy load：重載25、heavy storm：暴風(fēng)雨26、heavy reader:沉悶冗長的讀物十五、“強度”怎么說？1、intensity:指強烈的程度，多用于磁、電、熱、光、聲、火、勞動等抽象或非（易于觸摸到的）實體。例：colour intensity intensity of light2、strength:指堅強的程度，用于可觸摸到的具體實物抗拒能力的大小。strength of cement(水泥標號) engine strengthWorking strength十六、你打牢“基礎(chǔ)”了嗎？1、base：指有形、具體的基礎(chǔ)、基

13、地。base line 基線 base plate 底座cotton base 產(chǎn)棉區(qū) data base 數(shù)據(jù)庫paint base 底漆 raw material base 原料基地2、basic：基本的，堿性的basic Bessemer steel 底吹堿性轉(zhuǎn)爐鋼basic hole 基孔 basic industry 基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)basic material 堿性材料3、basis：無形、抽象的基礎(chǔ)、根據(jù)economic basis 經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)hole basis 基孔制scientific basis 科學(xué)根據(jù)4、foundation：指大廈建筑物的地基，引申為“根據(jù)”foundatio

14、n bolt 地腳螺栓material foundation of society社會物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)reinforced concrete foundation鋼筋混凝土基礎(chǔ)The rumour has no foundation這傳聞毫無根據(jù)十七、你了解這些“組織”嗎？1、construction：指“構(gòu)造”（將零部件裝配，組合在一起成為整體的方式）；“結(jié)構(gòu)”（各組成部分的搭配和排列，建筑物上承擔(dān)重力部分的構(gòu)造）aircraft construction飛機構(gòu)造welded construction焊接結(jié)構(gòu)This machine is simple in construction這種機器構(gòu)造簡單

15、body construction車身（機身、彈體）構(gòu)造capital construction基本建設(shè)physical construction機械構(gòu)造prefabricated construction預(yù)制構(gòu)造ships of similiar construction結(jié)構(gòu)類似的船2、structure：“結(jié)構(gòu)、組織”age structure年齡構(gòu)成atomic structure原子結(jié)構(gòu)steel stucture鋼結(jié)構(gòu)shell stucture薄層結(jié)構(gòu)brick stucture磚建筑物geological stucture地質(zhì)構(gòu)造market stucture市場結(jié)構(gòu)micros

16、copic stucture顯微組織The human body is a wonderful stucture人體是個奇妙的構(gòu)造物the stucture of a plant一種植物的構(gòu)造十八、"charge"涵義知多少？1、費用：service charge服務(wù)費；2、責(zé)任：in charge of 負責(zé)；3、裝料：furnace charge爐料；4、電荷：induced charge感應(yīng)電荷；5、裝藥：shaped charge錐孔炸藥十九、再解“develop”1、發(fā)展：Agriculture developmentSocial developmentIndus

17、trial developmentDevelopment in foreign affairs2、開發(fā)Water-power developmentOil-field developmentDevelopment of natural resourcesIntellectual development3、研制advanced development遠景產(chǎn)品研制，樣機試制under developmentengineering developmentoperatinal development產(chǎn)品改進性研制exploratory development探索性研制4、開拓ore developme

18、ntlateral development水平開拓5、展開（用于數(shù)學(xué)）series development級數(shù)展開development of function函數(shù)的展開6、顯影chemical development化學(xué)顯影over development顯影過度time development定時顯影二十、The shade meaning of "power":【數(shù)學(xué)】乘方、冪The sixth power of two is sixty-four.【力學(xué)】力：horse power功率：rated power額定功率【電學(xué)】電力：power network電源：po

19、wer switch功率：power export【化學(xué)】能：chemical power本領(lǐng)：catalytic power催化本領(lǐng)化合價：Aluminium has a conmbining power of three.【機械】動力：power shaft傳動軸力：brake power【社會】力量：knowlege is power權(quán)力：politica power強國：superpower二十一、The shade meaning of "system":【機電】系統(tǒng)：electric light system電照明系統(tǒng)lubricating system潤滑系統(tǒng)

20、電力網(wǎng)：system fault電力網(wǎng)故障裝置：tierod-crank system連桿曲柄裝置top charging system爐頂裝料裝置設(shè)備：loading system轉(zhuǎn)載設(shè)備制：basic hole(shaft) system基孔（軸）制【數(shù)學(xué)】組：system of equations【力學(xué)】系：system of forces【化學(xué)】法：acid system酸法【社會】體系：industrial system制度：social system方法：a new system of teaching foreign languageThe shade meaning of &q

21、uot;work":工作：work experience工件：stamp work模鍛工件工廠： NO.1 Motor Vehical Works工事：defence works著作：new works on acupuncture針刺療法新書功：mechanical work運轉(zhuǎn)：The machine works well.加工：The wood works easily.起作用：The medicine works.造成：work wonders(miracles)創(chuàng)造奇跡The shade meaning of "sound":【聲音】sound wave

22、【聽起來】The plan sounds reasonable.【發(fā)音】sound every syllable!每個音節(jié)都要發(fā)音。The ship moved slowly forward sounding as she went.航船慢速前進，一路錘測水深?！就旰玫摹縮ound metal優(yōu)質(zhì)金屬【牢固的】sound casting 堅實的鑄件The sahde meaning of "sound":【圓的】round plate【整的】a round ton【環(huán)形】a round trip往還一次【圓角】fillet and round內(nèi)圓角和外圓角【彈】guided

23、 round (missile)導(dǎo)彈【圍繞】The moon moves round the earth.【到處】show sb round【使圓】round the corners【舍入】3.14159 rounded to four decimals becomes 3.1416二十二、廢物"之說：1、litter：并不是真正意義上的廢物，而是用后散置的“雜物”，相當于odds and ends，或索性說是殘余物（leavings）Always pick up your litter after a picnic.2、waste：真正的廢物，美國人常用trash,此字還有“殘屑”

24、、或“垃圾”之意。垃圾簍美國人用trash can；英國用dustbin.美國人把南方的窮苦白人叫the (poor) white trash;可見，此詞又可作“無價值的人或物”解釋。That book is mere trash.3、rubbish：范圍廣，真正的廢物。也可表驚嘆“Rubbish(胡說！)”英國人常說：That book is all rubbish.4、廚房殘屑:kitchen refuse或refuse：此詞做廢物或無用之物講，但一般指固體廢物，不指可排泄的垃圾。5、到垃圾的地方：a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish;

25、 a rubbish dump.6、junk:垃圾、廢物。原意是“破爛貨”。His writing is all junk.7、廢人、社會渣滓：human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hoboHe is now a "has-been"(他現(xiàn)成了廢物)He outlived his usefulness.Commitment譯法:二十三、動詞commit在字典中涵義：1、 犯、行、作：commit a crime; commit a blun

26、der; commit murder; commit suicide2、 委托、付諸：commit some funds to the care of trustees(委托資金與保管委員會)；commit a bill(議會將議案交付委員審查)；commit thoughts to writing(將想法寫出來)；commit something to memory(暗記某事)；3、 承擔(dān)：If you agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brothers school expenses, and give $500 a

27、year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.4、 (束縛身體之意轉(zhuǎn)為)牽累，陷入，獻身：Do not commit yourself(勿自限累)；commit oneself to a promise;例析：1、 In the last decade, however, we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal, greater commitment, and greater success than at any period in our history.在過去十

28、年中，我們比歷史上任何時期都力求更加熱心地、更加獻身地、更加成功地來達到這個目標(獻身)。2、（李光耀對新加坡人的定義）A Singaporean is a person who feels committed to upholding society as it ismulti-racial, tolerant, accommodating, forward-looking-and who is prepared to stake his life for the community.一個新加坡人就是一個對現(xiàn)存的多元種族、容忍互助而又高瞻遠矚的社會，以獻身精神來支持它，并裝備為它付出生命的人

29、（獻身的）。3、I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris.我相信兩黨的總統(tǒng)候選人，都應(yīng)絕對明確地表示，他們對于促成現(xiàn)在巴黎舉行的商談成功，具有基本的言語約束（言約）。4、 he second imperative of our policy for peace is that we must meet our commit

30、ment and keep our promises to use our strength to oppose aggression.我們和平政策的第二條誡命，就是我們必須盡我們的義務(wù)，守住我們的諾言，竭盡所能，反抗侵略(諾言)。5、 Vietnam may be a bitter hoax or it may be a major commitment in the defense of freedom, but it will go away because we yell “foul”; it will not fade because we blow retreat.越南可能是一種痛

31、苦的玩笑，也可能是在保衛(wèi)自由中的一個大的牽累，它不會因為我們大叫討厭而走開，也不會因為我們鳴金收兵而消失（牽累）6、 The report said that new commitments of US$50.7 million during fiscal year 1968 raised total investments of the International Finance Corporation in private enterprises in its member countries to US$271.8 million in 39 countries.1968年會計年度新的投

32、資計有5070萬美元，使得國際金融公司在其他會員國的私人企業(yè)總投資，39個國家共達27180萬美元（投資）。7、 The Japanese have faithfully observed their commitments.日本人忠實地遵守了投降條件（條件）。其他：an all-around commitment（全面的約束）to give a precipitate commitment(給以輕率的二十八、保險種種：accident insurance意外保險accident death insurance意外死亡保險accounts receivable insurance應(yīng)收帳款保險a

33、dditional insurance加保agricultural insurance農(nóng)業(yè)保險air transport insurance空運保險air transportation cargo insurance空運貨物保險aircraft hull insurance飛機機身保險aircraft passenger insurance飛機乘客保險all risks insurance綜合保險annuity insurance年金保險automobile insurance汽車保險aviation insurance航空保險aviation liability insurance航空責(zé)任保

34、險aviation personal accident insurance航空人身意外保險bad debt insurance壞帳保險baggage insurance行李保險bailee's customers insurance受托人代客保險basic insurance基本保險blanket insurance總括保險block insurance船舶保險boiler explosion insurance鍋爐爆炸保險bond insurance債券保險bonding insurance保證保險broker insurance保險掮客building insurance建筑物保險

35、burglary insurance盜竊保險business interruption insurance業(yè)務(wù)中斷保險business liability insurance營業(yè)責(zé)任保險capital insurance資本保險cargo insurance貨物保險cargo marine insurance海洋貨運保險cargo transportation insurance貨物運輸保險carrier's liability insurance承運人責(zé)任保險cash messenger insurance現(xiàn)金運送保險casualty insurance不幸事故保險, 災(zāi)害保險cat

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37、ve insurance綜合保險, 全程保險compulsory insurance強制保險concurrent insurance同時保險consequential damage insurance間接損害保險consequential loss insurance間接損失保險consignment export insurance寄售輸出保險consignment sale export insurance寄銷出口保險consignment stock insurance寄銷貨物保險continued insurance繼續(xù)保險convertible insurance轉(zhuǎn)換保險cost a

38、nd insurance成本加 保險價credit insurance信用保險credit life insurance信用人壽保險(借款人死亡時, 應(yīng)將賠償金付給放款人)crop insurance作物保險damage insurance損失保險death insurance死亡保險deferred insurance擱置保險deposit insurance存款保險disability insurance殘廢保險disbursements insurance船舶費用保險domestic insurance家計保險domestic animal transportation insuranc

39、e家畜運輸保險double insurance雙重保險duty insurance關(guān)稅保險earthquake insurance地震保險economic policy insurance經(jīng)濟政策保險education insurance教育保險elevator liability insurance電梯責(zé)任保險employee's pension insurance職工退休養(yǎng)老保險employer's liability insurance雇主責(zé)任保險; 職工傷害保險employment insurance就業(yè)保險endowment insurance人壽定期保險, 養(yǎng)老保險

40、, 儲蓄保險endowment life insurance人壽定期保險engineering insurance工程保險erection insurance機器安裝保險excess insurance超額保險exchange risk insurance外匯風(fēng)險保險exhibition insurance展覽保險expected profit insurance預(yù)期利潤保險explosion insurance爆炸保險export insurance出口保險, 輸出保險extended terms insurance延期保險external investment principal insu

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