初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)外研ModuleSports life 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)（外研版）Module 8 Sports life 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、重點(diǎn)詞匯  stand for  · 原文再現(xiàn)  What does HAS stand for?  HAS代表什么？· 基本用法  stand for 意為“象征；代表”，該短語(yǔ)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：  Do you know what GDP stands for?  你知道GDP代表什么嗎？  No one knows what the sign

2、stands for.  沒(méi)人知道這個(gè)符號(hào)代表什么。  memory  · 原文再現(xiàn)  If my memory is correct, HAS 98 points to BIG 52.  如果我沒(méi)記錯(cuò)的話，（比分是）海淀全興隊(duì)98分比北京國(guó)際巨人隊(duì)52分。· 基本用法  memory  n. 記憶；回憶，既可以用作可數(shù)名詞，指記住的人或事物；也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞，指記憶的  能力。如：  I have only an indistinct memory of my

3、 grandfather.  我對(duì)祖父只有模糊的印象。  His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.  他最好的樂(lè)曲創(chuàng)作靈感來(lái)自懷念他的母親。  point  · 原文再現(xiàn)  If my memory is correct, HAS 98 points to BIG 52.  如果我沒(méi)記錯(cuò)的話，（比分是）海淀全興隊(duì)98分比北京國(guó)際巨人隊(duì)52分。· 基本用法  1. point  n. 比

4、分，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為points。如：  They lost the 1977 World Cup final to Australia by a single point.  他們?cè)?977年的世界杯決賽中僅以一分之差輸給了澳大利亞隊(duì)。  2. point  v. 指；指向；朝向  The ancient Chinese knew that a magnet will point north and south.  古代中國(guó)人就知道磁石會(huì)指南。· 知識(shí)拓展  相關(guān)短語(yǔ)  point of view

5、 意為“觀點(diǎn)”，如：  Try to look at this from my point of view.  詞義辨析：point詞組  point 做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有 point to/point at/point with 三個(gè)詞組，其區(qū)別主要是：  1. point to 和 point at 都有“指向”之意，有時(shí)可以互換。  2. point to 多指較遠(yuǎn)距離的事物，to 著重于指方向，主語(yǔ)既可以是人，也可以是物。  He pointed to the house on the corner an

6、d said, “Thats where I live. ”  他指著拐角處的房子說(shuō)：“我就住在那里?！?#160; 3. point at 多指向較近距離的事物，at 著重于指的對(duì)象，其主語(yǔ)通常是人；但  point.at 還有“瞄準(zhǔn)”之意。  He was talking while pointing at the map.  他一邊用手指著地圖一邊講話。  4. point out 是“指出”之意，out是副詞。如：  We will point out some of the major differences as

7、 we go along.  在講解過(guò)程中我們將指出其中的一些主要區(qū)別。  decision  · 原文再現(xiàn)  That was a bad decision.  那是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的決定。· 基本用法  decision  n. 決定  make/reach/arrive  a decision 意為：做決定。  It's not right to make a decision without investigation and study.

8、  沒(méi)有調(diào)查研究就作出決定是不妥的。  We cant reach a decision without our chairman.  主席不在場(chǎng)，我們做不了決定。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)單詞  decide  v. 決定，判斷，斷定，decide to do sth.意為“決定做某事”，相當(dāng)于make up ones mind to do   sth.。如：  He decided to get married.  他決定結(jié)婚。  excuse  ·

9、 原文再現(xiàn)  Thats no excuse!  別找理由！· 基本用法  excuse  n. （辯解的）理由；借口。如：  His excuse for being late was that he had missed the train.  他遲到的理由是沒(méi)有趕上火車。  excuse  vt. 原諒；辯解，“Excuse me. ” 意為“對(duì)不起，打擾了。”，excuse me for意為“原諒我”。如：  Excuse me, but I must say you

10、 are completely wrong.  對(duì)不起，但是我必須說(shuō)你完全錯(cuò)了。  Please excuse me for my bad handwriting.  請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业淖謱懙貌缓谩?#160; seat  · 原文再現(xiàn)  Its next Saturday at noon, but if you want good seats, you should come by 11:30.  是在下個(gè)星期六的正午，但是如果你想要好的座位，你應(yīng)該在11:30之前來(lái)。· 基本用法 

11、; 1. seat  n. 座位。如：  He sat down on the nearest seat.  他在最近的座位上坐下來(lái)。  2. seat  vt. 使就座；使就職，一般接人或反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)，常用于be seated結(jié)構(gòu)。如：  We want to buy a car that can seat five persons.  我們想買一輛能坐五個(gè)人的汽車。  We can only seat you in twenty minutes.  20分鐘以后能安排您入座。 

12、They are seated there.  他們坐在那兒。· 知識(shí)拓展-詞義辨析：seat/sit  1. seat 多用作名詞，表“座位”。當(dāng)它用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表“坐、就座”，是及物動(dòng)詞，與反身代詞連用。如：  He seated himself at a desk.  他在桌旁坐下。  Please be seated , gentlemen.  請(qǐng)就座，各位先生。  Please go back to your seat.  請(qǐng)回到你的座位上去。  2. sit 為不及物

13、動(dòng)詞。如：  Sit down, please.  請(qǐng)坐  no way  · 原文再現(xiàn)  No way!  不可能！· 基本用法  No way! 意為“不可能！”。如：  You can in no way surrender.  你決不能投降。  Do you think she will win? 你認(rèn)為她會(huì)贏嗎？  No way! 不可能！· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)短語(yǔ)  1. by the way 意為

14、“順便說(shuō)說(shuō)話，附帶說(shuō)說(shuō)”。如：  Oh, by the way, there is a telephone message for you.  噢，順便告訴你，有你一個(gè)電話口信。  2. on the/ one's way to 意為“去.的路上”，后加副詞時(shí)，不用to。  I met an old friend on the way to work this morning.  今天早上我在上班的路上碰到了一位老朋友。  3. in the way造成不便或阻礙。如：  Im afra

15、id your car is in the way.  看來(lái)你的汽車擋道了。  4. by way of 路徑；途徑。如：  They are travelling to France by way of London.  他們?nèi)シ▏?guó)旅游，途徑倫敦。  They learn English by way of watching TV.  他們看電視學(xué)英語(yǔ)。  fair  · 原文再現(xiàn)  Thats not fair!  那樣不公平！· 基本用法&

16、#160; 1. fair  adj. 公平的；合理的。如：  Soames said that he was not getting a fair go.  索米斯說(shuō)他沒(méi)有得到公平的對(duì)待。  2. fair  n. 展覽會(huì)；集市。如：  There is a fair in the town square.  市中心廣場(chǎng)有個(gè)集市。  kick  · 原文再現(xiàn)  Remember to throw the ball, not kick it, Tony! 

17、 記住傳球，不要踢球，托尼！· 基本用法  1. kick  v. 踢 （過(guò)去式：kicked  過(guò)去分詞：kicked  現(xiàn)在分詞：kicking  第三人稱單數(shù)：kicks）  kick a ball意為“踢球”，如：  Its not fair to kick another player in football.  足球比賽中不允許踢另一位球員。  2. kick  n. 踢，如：  He gave the table an angry kick.

18、  他狠狠地朝桌子踢了一腳。  mad  · 原文再現(xiàn)  He is so mad at us that hell try harder to win, just to show were wrong!  他對(duì)我們?nèi)绱松鷼庖灾滤麜?huì)更加努力贏得比賽，僅僅為了證明我們錯(cuò)了！· 基本用法  mad  adj. 很生氣；氣氛，be mad at sb.意為“對(duì)某人生氣”。如：  Shes mad at me for being late.  我遲到了，她非常氣憤。

19、· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)短語(yǔ)  1. be mad with sb 對(duì)某人生氣。如：  He is mad with her for being late.  她遲到了，他很氣憤。  2. be mad about sth.對(duì)某事生氣。如：  He was mad about the boys bad behavior.  他因南海的惡劣行為而生氣。  high jump  · 原文再現(xiàn)  Liu was encouraged at first to train

20、 for the high jump.  劉翔首先被鼓勵(lì)為跳高而訓(xùn)練。· 基本用法  high jump意為“跳高”。我們將常見(jiàn)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱總結(jié)如下：  long jump 跳遠(yuǎn)    jogging 慢跑   running 跑步   surfing 沖浪    skiing 滑冰   wind surf 風(fēng)帆    swimming 游泳     suspension loop 吊環(huán)      abi

21、lity  · 原文再現(xiàn)  In 1998, Liu Xiangs ability in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping, who later became his coach.  1998年，劉翔的教練孫海平發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的跨欄（跑和跳）天賦。· 基本用法  ability  n. 能力，have the ability to do sth.意為“有能力做某事”。如：  He has the ability to speak English fluently.

22、  他能說(shuō)流利的英語(yǔ)。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)單詞  able  adj. 有能力的；能干的，可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，通常用于be able to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“能/會(huì)做某事”。  如：  He is an able manager.  他是位有能力的經(jīng)理。  Everyone here is able to type.  這兒的每個(gè)人都會(huì)打字。  race  · 原文再現(xiàn)  His races were recorded, and h

23、e was compared with the worlds best sports stars.  劉翔的比賽被記錄下來(lái)，然后把他的表現(xiàn)和世界一流運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行比較。· 基本用法  1. race  n. 賽跑；比賽。如：  Every morning he spent two hours training for the race.  他每天早晨花兩個(gè)小時(shí)練習(xí)賽跑。  2. race  n. 人種；種族。如：  They have different races.  他們是不

24、同種族的人。  3. race  v. 賽跑；競(jìng)賽。如：  Ill race you to the bus stop.  我要和你賽一賽，看誰(shuí)先跑到汽車站。  record  · 原文再現(xiàn)  His races were recorded, and he was compared with the worlds best sports stars.  劉翔的比賽被記錄下來(lái)，然后把他的表現(xiàn)和世界一流運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行比較。· 基本用法  1. record  v.

25、記錄（過(guò)去式：recorded  過(guò)去分詞：recorded  現(xiàn)在分詞：recording 第三人稱單數(shù)：records  be recorded是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意為“被記錄”。如：  I recorded the score in a notebook.  我在筆記本上記下了分?jǐn)?shù)。  2. record  n. 紀(jì)錄；記載；經(jīng)歷，keep a record意為“保持/做記錄”，break a record意為“打破記錄”，  make/set a record意為“做記錄”。如：  You should

26、keep a record of your expenses.  你應(yīng)該記下你的各項(xiàng)開(kāi)支。  He broke a record in running.  他打破了一項(xiàng)賽跑的紀(jì)錄。  I made a record of all that he said.  我記下他所說(shuō)的話。  Japan  · 基本用法  Japan  n. 日本  The kimono is part of the national costume of Japan.    和服是日

27、本民族服裝的一部分。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)單詞  1. Japanese  n. 日本人；日語(yǔ)  She comes from Japan and she is Japanese.  她來(lái)自日本，她是日本人。  2. Japanese  adj. 日本的；日本人的；日語(yǔ)的  Japanese houses are chiefly composed of wood.  日本人的房子主要由木頭造成。  Asian  · 原文

28、再現(xiàn)  It was also the first time an Olympic gold medal for hurdling was hung round the nect of a sportsperson   from an Asian country.  也是第一次一枚奧運(yùn)會(huì)跨欄的金牌掛在了一名亞洲國(guó)家運(yùn)動(dòng)員的脖子上。· 基本用法  Asian  adj. 亞洲的；亞洲人的  How many Asian countries have taken part in the sport meeti

29、ng?  有多少亞洲國(guó)家參加這次運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)？· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)單詞  Asia  n. 亞洲  China is a developing country in Asia.  中國(guó)是亞洲的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。  suffer  · 原文再現(xiàn)  From 2008 on, he suffered a lot from his foot problem, but he did not give up.  從2008年開(kāi)始，他遭受著來(lái)自腳傷的巨大痛苦，但是他沒(méi)有放棄。

30、83; 基本用法  suffer  v. 患有（疾病等）；經(jīng)受，suffer from意為“受（某種病痛）折磨；因而受苦”。如：  How can you suffer such a thing?  你怎么能容忍這樣的事情？  Do you suffer from headaches?  你頭痛嗎？  courage  · 原文再現(xiàn)  But he is still a symbol of courage and success, and we continue to tak

31、e great pride in him.  但是他仍然是勇氣和成功的象征，我們依然為他感到十分驕傲。· 基本用法  courage  n. 勇氣；膽量，have the courage to do sth. 意為“有勇氣做某事”。如：  I dont think I have courage to tell him the bad news.  我覺(jué)得我沒(méi)有勇氣告訴他這個(gè)壞消息。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)單詞  encourage  v. （過(guò)去式：encouraged  

32、;過(guò)去分詞：encouraged  現(xiàn)在分詞：encouraging 第三人稱單數(shù)：  encourages）  encourage sb to do sth 意為：鼓勵(lì)某人做某事  They encourage me to apply for the job.  他們鼓勵(lì)我去應(yīng)聘這份工作。  pride  · 原文再現(xiàn)  But he is still a symbol of courage and success, and we continue to take great pri

33、de in him.  但是他仍然是勇氣和成功的象征，我們依然為他感到十分驕傲。· 基本用法  pride  n. 自豪感；驕傲，take pride in 感到自豪，相當(dāng)于be proud of。如：  His father always takes pride in him.  他爸爸總是以他而自豪。  Be proud of what you've achieved.  為你取得的成就自豪吧！二、重點(diǎn)句型  Er most of them.  

34、0; 嗯大多數(shù)。· 基本用法  most of 意為“大多數(shù)”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)和of的賓語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如：  Most of the students in our class are girls.  我們班大多數(shù)學(xué)生是女孩。  Most of the work has already been done.  大部分工作已經(jīng)做完了。· 出題建議  題型選擇：?jiǎn)芜x，并在關(guān)鍵詞中輸入：most。  Face the truth, Tony.    面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)吧，托尼

35、。· 基本用法  face the truth 意為“面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)”，這里的 face 作動(dòng)詞，意為“面臨；面對(duì)；正視”。如：  He turned and faced her.他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)面對(duì)她。· 知識(shí)拓展-相關(guān)短語(yǔ)  1. face 做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，相關(guān)短語(yǔ)有：  face up to 勇敢地面對(duì)。如：  He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young.  他應(yīng)該勇于正視自己不再年輕這一事實(shí)。  2. face作名詞時(shí)，意為“臉；

36、面孔”。相關(guān)短語(yǔ)有：  (1). face to face 面對(duì)面。如：  Lets talk about the problem face to face.  讓我們面對(duì)面討論一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題。  (2). in the face of 面臨。如：  They showed courage in the face of danger.  面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)他們表現(xiàn)除了勇氣。  (3). lose face 丟面子。如：  He will lose face if he does not keep his p

37、romise.  如果他不遵守諾言，他就會(huì)感到羞愧。  (4). make a face/faces 做鬼臉。如：  She was making faces in the glass.  她對(duì)著鏡子作出各種面容。  But Daming wasnt chosen for the team last time.    但是上一次大明沒(méi)有被選入隊(duì)。· 基本用法  “wasn't chosen” 是一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定形式。一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were+過(guò)去

38、  分詞。其否定式為：was/were+not+過(guò)去分詞，詳細(xì)內(nèi)容可參看 Unit 2/Unit 3中的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法部分。  The book was written by Lu Xun.  這本書是魯迅寫的。  My umbrella was taken by someone.  我的雨傘被某個(gè)人拿走了。  Hes so mad at us that hell try harder to win, just to show were wrong!    他對(duì)我們?nèi)绱松鷼庖灾滤麜?huì)更加努力贏得比賽，僅僅為了證明我們錯(cuò)了！

39、· 基本用法  1. try to do sth.意為“努力或盡力做某事”，指試圖做某種很難的事，其否定形式為try not to do sth.。如：  He tried to work out the problem.  他努力地去解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。  try doing sth.表示“試著（用什么方法）去做某事”。如：  Lets try doing the exercise in another way.  讓我們?cè)囈辉囉昧硗庖环N方法做這道練習(xí)題。  2. show+that引導(dǎo)的從句，其中that可

40、以省略。show 還可以用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)中：  show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.向某人展示某物。如：  Could you show me your new coat?=Could you show your new coat to me?  你能給我看看你的新大衣嗎？  In 1998, Liu Xiangs ability in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping, who later    became his coach.    1998

41、年，劉翔的教練孫海平發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的跨欄（跑和跳）天賦。· 基本用法  1. ones ability in doing sth. 意為“某人做某事的能力”。如：  He shows great ability in solving problems.  他處理問(wèn)題能力很強(qiáng)。  2. was noticed by Sun Haiping 為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意為“被孫海平注意到”，詳情可參看本單元的  重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法部分。  3. who later became his coach 是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Sun

42、Haiping，引導(dǎo)詞為 who，引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中  做主語(yǔ)。如：  I dont know the girl who is standing under the tree.  我不認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)站在樹下的女孩。  In 2001, a special programme was set up to help young sportsmen and     sportswomen.    2001年，一個(gè)特殊的項(xiàng)目設(shè)立了，幫助了年輕的那黁運(yùn)動(dòng)員。· 基本用法  1. 本

43、句中“was set up” 為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，具體參看本單元的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法部分。  2. set up 意為：設(shè)立，建立  A new government was set up after the war.  新政府于戰(zhàn)后成立。  3. to help young sportsmen and sportswomen 為動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中做目的狀語(yǔ)。  It was also the first time an Olympic gold medal for hurdling was hung round the    n

44、eck of a sportsperson from an Asian country.    這也是第一次奧運(yùn)會(huì)跨欄金牌掛在了一名亞洲運(yùn)動(dòng)員的脖子上。· 基本用法  本句中 time 做次數(shù)講，后面為定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句可以由that 引導(dǎo)，也可省略。  It is the first time that I speak in public.  這是我第一次在公共場(chǎng)合發(fā)言。  From 2008 on, he suffered a lot from his foot problem, but he did

45、 not give up.    從2008年開(kāi)始，他遭受著來(lái)自腳傷的巨大痛苦，但是他沒(méi)有放棄。· 基本用法  1. fromon 表示“從時(shí)候開(kāi)始”。如：  From now on you can work on your own.  從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始你可以獨(dú)自工作。  She never spoke to him again from that day on.  從那天起她就再?zèng)]和他說(shuō)話。  2. suffer from 意為“受痛苦；患病”。如：  He is suffering fr

46、om a bad cold.  他在患重感冒。  He suffers from asthma.  他患有哮喘。  3. give up 意為“放棄”，give up doing sth 意為：放棄某事，如：  Although maths is very difficult, dont give it up.  盡管數(shù)學(xué)很難，但別放棄它。  You must give up smoking.  你必須戒煙。  It is a pity that foot problem stoppe

47、d him from completing the 2012 London    Olympic Games.    遺憾的是，他的腳傷阻止了他完成2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的比賽。· 基本用法  1. Its a pity that 意為：真遺憾。如：  Its a pity that you cant stay longer.  你不能再多停留些時(shí)間，真是遺憾。如：  What a pity!  真遺憾！  2. stop sb./sth. from doing sth.意為“

48、阻止某人/某物做某事”，from可以省略。stop也可以用prevent  和keep替換。如：  Nothing can stop us from doing so if we want to.  如果我們想這樣做的話，沒(méi)有什么能阻止我們。  But he is still a symbol of courage and success, and we continue to take great    pride in his.    但是他（劉翔）仍然是勇氣和成功的象征，我們依然為他感到十分驕傲。&

49、#183; 基本用法  1. continue doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事。如：  He continued working after an operation.  手術(shù)后他繼續(xù)工作。  The rain continued falling all afternoon.  這場(chǎng)雨持續(xù)了整整一個(gè)下午。  2. take pride in意為“以為驕傲”，相當(dāng)于be proud of。如：  We take pride in our great motherland=We are proud of our gre

50、at motherland.  我們?yōu)槲覀儌ゴ蟮淖鎳?guó)而感到自豪。  Go on, ask me the first question.    繼續(xù)，問(wèn)我第一個(gè)問(wèn)題。· 基本用法  go on 意為“繼續(xù)”，go on doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事（同一件事）”；go on to do sth.意為“做完一件事繼續(xù)  做另一件事”。如：  He said nothing but just went on working.  他什么都不說(shuō)只是不停地干活。  After her ea

51、rly teaching career she went on to become a doctor.  繼早年從教之后她當(dāng)了一名醫(yī)生。  Its important to find a club that fits you.    找一個(gè)適合你的俱樂(lè)部是重要的。· 基本用法  Its+adj.+to do sth.意為“做某事是的”，其中it在句中作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式to find   a club that fits you。如：  Its easy to find a

52、restaurant here.在這里找到一個(gè)餐館是很容易的。  People say Ive got no chance of becoming really good at taekwondo in five years.    有人說(shuō)我沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)在五年內(nèi)成為真正擅長(zhǎng)跆拳道的人。· 基本用法  1. get no chance of doing sth.沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)做某事。如：  I've got no chance of playing basketball well in one week.&#

53、160; 我不可能在一周內(nèi)練習(xí)好打籃球。  2. become good at sth.意為“變得擅長(zhǎng)某事”，相當(dāng)于be good at sth.，也可用become/be good at   doing sth.如：  He becomes good at tennis now.  他現(xiàn)在擅長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)球。  She is good at playing table tennis.  她擅長(zhǎng)打品乓球。  He set up a competition with other hospitals at the same ti

54、me as the London    Olympics in that year.    他和在同一時(shí)期的其他的醫(yī)院建立起一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制作為那一年倫敦奧林匹克比賽項(xiàng)目。· 基本用法  1. set up 意為“建立；創(chuàng)立；扶持；安排”，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，要放在set和up中間。如：  A fund will be set up for the dead mens families.  撫恤死難工人家屬的基金會(huì)即將建立起來(lái)。  2. at the same time as 意為“在的同時(shí)”。如：  I wish he would go hom