高中16種英語時態(tài)總結(jié)歸納07942

1、時態(tài)時態(tài)（Tense）是表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。因此，當(dāng)我們說時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時候，指的是相應(yīng)時態(tài)下的動詞形式。 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時 用法： A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。 B) 習(xí)慣用語。 C) 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作。 例：He always helps others. （他總是幫助別人。） D) 客觀事實和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時，則無法保持 主句、從句時態(tài)一致。 E) 表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，（僅限于某些表示“來、去、動 、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動詞 ）可以與表示未來時間的狀語搭配使用 。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船

2、、汽車等定期定點運行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火車今天下午3點開車。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （這班車多久一趟？） F) 在時間和條件狀語從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在（有時也用現(xiàn)在完成時）表示將來事 情。 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成這份報告的時候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個小時了。） 2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(be doing

3、) 用法：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(have done) 用法： A) 表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示從過去某時刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時

4、間點，或for加一段時間，或by加一個現(xiàn)在時間。 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging C) 表示發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作或情況。通常用點動詞，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 例：John has

5、broken his left leg.（約翰摔斷了左腿。） 注意事項 A) 現(xiàn)在完成時是聯(lián)系過去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?，F(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的動態(tài)，或受動態(tài)的影響，是動態(tài)的結(jié)果，對現(xiàn)在有影響；過去時只表示過去的某個具體時間里發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。 例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個過去的事實，他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。） He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過去開始工作，一直工作到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)

6、在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。） B) 因為含有for加一段時間或since加一個時間點這樣的時間狀語的完成時，有動態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點，所以不能使用終端動詞或瞬間動詞。 例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（過去分詞做表語表示狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)） My sister has married. Don't disturb her.（終端動詞） C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third time that"句型里要求用完成時。 例：This is the second time that the produ

7、cts of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。） D) 句型"It is/ has beensince"所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。 例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。） E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely when"、"before"、"prior

8、 to"等句型中，主句要求完成時。 例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我從未見過那位教授。） 4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(have been doing) 用法：表示某一動作開始于過去某一時間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。 例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個項目，已經(jīng)花了一個多月時間了。） 注意事項：與現(xiàn)在完成時相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時更強調(diào)：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時間里，動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反

9、復(fù)出現(xiàn)。 例： It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A) had leaked B) is leaking C) leaked D) has been leaking 5. 一般過去時 用法： A) 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。 B) 表示過去習(xí)慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型，本身表示的 就是過去時。 例：The old man would sit on a bench in the qu

10、iet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。） He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。） C) 有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。 例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？） Wou

11、ld you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？） 注意事項： A) 注意時間狀語的搭配。一般過去時的時間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個時間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因為這樣的時間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。 B) used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didn't used to do,

12、 didn't use to do都對。 Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對比。前者表示"過去常?；蜻^去曾經(jīng)"，要求加動詞原形；后者表示"習(xí)慣于"，要求加名詞或動名詞。 6. 過去完成時(had done) 用法：表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說的：表示"過去的過去的動作或狀態(tài)"。 Until then, his family _ from him for six months. A) didn't hear C) hasn

13、't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard 全句的意思是：“到那時為止，他家里已經(jīng)有六個月沒得到他的消息了?！庇纱丝梢钥闯?，謂語動詞的動作延續(xù)到過去的某一時刻才完成，因此謂語要用過去完成時。答案是D)。其它選項中：A) didn't hear，因為一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，所以不能與時間狀語for six months連用。B) hasn't been hearing，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去某時刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動作，與題意不符。C) hasn't heard，現(xiàn)在完

14、成時表示從過去某一時刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動作。而題中的then只表示過去的某一時刻，不能表示現(xiàn)在時間。 注意事項：“過去的過去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過上下文體現(xiàn)出來，而不一定受某個時間狀語的限制。 例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（剛才有人在我們的房間里，因為我們打開前門進(jìn)來時，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。） 分析：雖然時間狀語是just now，似乎應(yīng)該使用一

15、般過去時，但是“在房間里”這個狀態(tài)是在"開門"和"注意"這兩個過去的動作之前就存在的，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成時。 7. 過去將來時(would/ should do) 用法：表示從過去的某個時間看將要發(fā)生的事。 例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。） 注意事項：由于過去將來時是由過去時和將來時組合而成的，所以其注意事項可以參考過去時和將來時的相關(guān)注意事項。 8. 過去進(jìn)行時(was/ were doing) 用法： A) 表示在過去一個比較具體

16、的時間正在發(fā)生的動作。 例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分鐘前，瑪麗正在聽輕音樂。） B) 如果when, while這樣的時間狀語引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過去時，則另一個句子常用過去進(jìn)行時。 例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前門時我正在洗頭發(fā)。） 9. 一般將來時 用法： A) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。 例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her

17、 birthday gift.（我們將送給她一個玻璃的手工制品，作為給她的生日禮物。） B) 有些動詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進(jìn)行時，并且通常與一個表示將來時間的時間狀語連用，可以表示將來時。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我媽媽下周將來看我，并會呆到5月。） C) 表示“打算去，要”時，可用be goin

18、g to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.（這正是我想說的。） D) 表示“即將、正要”時，可用be about to do。強調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。 例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（別擔(dān)心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。） E) "be to do"的5種用法： a) 表示“按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你準(zhǔn)會在實驗室見

19、到她。） b) 該做或不該做的事情（語氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語氣。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子們，你們必須 上床睡覺，不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。） c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情（接近can, may） 例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢？） d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情，后來將要發(fā)生的事情。

20、 例：I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點是：attend表示“處理，解決”時是不及物動詞，必須與to連用。另外，從上下文看，事情顯然尚未解決，所以應(yīng)該用將來時的被動語態(tài)。答案是B。 e) 用于條件從句“如果想，設(shè)想”（接近if want to,或if should） 例：Gr

21、eater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been 答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必須作出更大努力來增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量?！?F) 同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our t

22、eam has been scored 7 points.（教練想要放棄這場比賽了，因為對方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個球。） 例： I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A) in B) to C) at D) on 答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“當(dāng)他的信到的時候我正要打電話給他?！?注意事項： 在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞

23、以及具有連詞作用的副詞（immediately, the moment, directly）等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，一般用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。強調(diào)延續(xù)性或動態(tài)時，可用完成時。 例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回來的時候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。） 10. 將來進(jìn)行時(will be doing) 用法：強調(diào)在將來的某個具體時間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。 例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing

24、a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（別擔(dān)心，你不會認(rèn)不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。） 11. 將來完成時(will have done) 用法：表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續(xù)到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個將來時間，但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。 例：1997年1月四級第22題 The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A) mu

25、st have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted 12)將來完成進(jìn)行時：shall have been doing ，will have been doing 例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下個月底為止，這項工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。）（被動語態(tài)） 13)過去完成進(jìn)行時：had been doing 例：The old clock had been being taken apar

26、t of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。）（此處強調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。）（被動語態(tài)） 14) 過去將來進(jìn)行時：should be doing , would be doing 例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承諾說第二年7月將

27、有一條新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間，所以最好用將來進(jìn)行時。）（此句為被動語態(tài)） 15) 過去將來完成時：should have done , would have done 例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我堅信到那年年底為止，那個軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯了。）（此句為被動語態(tài)） 16) 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時：should have been doing ,

28、 would have been doing 例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. （他們說到第二個月底為止，這項工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。）時態(tài)總結(jié)(以do為例)： 一 般完 成進(jìn) 行完 成 進(jìn) 行現(xiàn) 在現(xiàn)在一般時do現(xiàn)在完成時have done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時is doing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時have been doing過 去過去一般時did過去完成時had done過去進(jìn)行時was doing過去完成進(jìn)行時had bee

29、n doing將 來將來一般時will do將來完成時will have done將來進(jìn)行時will be doing將來完成進(jìn)行時will have been doing過去將來過去將來一般時would do過去將來完成時would have done過去將來進(jìn)行時would be doing過去將來完成進(jìn)行時would have been doing 注：構(gòu)成時態(tài)的助動詞be (is, am, are), have (has, have), shall, will 等需根據(jù)主語的變化來選擇。 在這16種時態(tài)中，其中有8種時態(tài)是最重要的，也是用得最多的，它們是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來

30、時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時、過去將來一般時(也稱過去將來時)，其余的時態(tài)相對用得較少。練習(xí)題而語境中的時態(tài)和語態(tài)具有靈活多變的特點，因此找出隱含于上下文中的時間信息，正確認(rèn)定動作行為所發(fā)生的時間是解題的關(guān)鍵。做動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空題時，常常按以下幾個步驟：(1)注意題干所提供的信息，如語境、情景以及說話人的情感;(2)根據(jù)句中的時間狀語以及一些副詞判斷時態(tài);(3)考慮語態(tài);(4)考慮時態(tài)的一致性。另外，復(fù)習(xí)時，還要涉及到短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞，這兩個概念一定要搞清。短暫性動詞用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)都要受到限制。1.(2002全國高考題)You havent said a

31、word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty on you.A.wasnt saying    B.dont sayC.wont say         D.didnt say2.(2002全國高考題)I wonder why Jenny _us recently.We should ha

32、ve heard from her by now.A.hasnt written        B.doesnt writeC.wont write        D.hadnt written3.(2003北京春季高考題)When will you come to see me，Dad?I will go to see you when you _ the training course.A.will have finished

33、60;      B.will finishC.are finishing         D.finish4.(2003北京春季高考題)How long _ at this job?Since 1990.A.were you employed       B.have you been employedC.had you been employed  &#

34、160;   D.will you be employed5.(2003上海春季高考題)By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A.would be completed       B.was being completedC.has been completed       D.had been completed6.(2002北京高考題)The

35、little girl _her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.A.had cried; lost        B.cried; had lostC.has cried; has lost       D.cries; has lost7.(2002北京高考題)Excuse me，sir.Would you do

36、 me a favor?Of course.What is it?I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A.had wondered        B.was wonderingC.would wonder        D.did wonder8.(2002上海高考題)He will have learned English for eight years by the

37、time he _ from the university next year.A.will graduate        B.will have graduatedC.graduates         D.is to graduate9.(2002上海高考題)I feel it is your husband who _for the spoiled child.A.is to blame  

38、0;      B.is going to blameC.is to be blame        D.should blame10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still _.A.has been        B.doesC.has    

39、     D.is11.If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept; will have to      B.are not kept; have toC.do not keep; will have to      D.do not k

40、eep; have to12.The price _，but I doubt whether it will remain so.A.went down         B.will go downC.has gone down        D.was going down13.How long _ each other before they _ married?For about a year.A.have they k

41、nown; getB.did they know; getC.do they know; are going to getD.had they known; got14.You cant move in right now.The house _.A.has painted         B.is paintedC.is being painted        D.is painting15.Hey，look where

42、you are going!Oh，Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticing       B.I wasnt noticingC.I havent noticed       D.I dont notice16.The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling     &#

43、160;  B.traveledC.had been traveling       D.was to travel17.Is this raincoat yours?No，mine _ there behind the door.A.is hanging    B.has hang   C.hangs    D.hang18.I turned around and saw everybody _

44、 at a man who _ loudly in a foreign language.A.was staring; was shouting      B.was staring; shoutingC.staring; shouting        D.stared; shouted19.Henry remained silent for a moment.He _.A.thought     

45、60;   B.had thoughtC.was thinking        D.was thought20.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we _ out his address yet,A.havent found        B.hadnt foundC.didnt find    

46、0;    D.dont find21.Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.A.has written         B.wroteC.had written         D.was writing22.Have you got your test

47、result?Not yet.The papers _.A.are not correctingB.have not correctedC.are still being correctedD.have already been corrected23.See the clouds! It _ rain!A.will    B.is going to   C.must    D.certainly24.Do I have to take this medicine? It _ so t

48、errible.A.tastes    B.is tasting    C.is tasted   D.has tasted25.Dont take the magazine away.It _ me.A.is belonged to        B.belongs toC.was belonged to        D.i

49、s belonging to26.Is this the third time that you _ late?A.have been   B.am     C.was    D.had been27.Do you know when Tom _ from abroad?Perhaps it will be a long time before he _.A.will come; will come      

50、60;B.comes; will comeC.will come; comes        D.comes; comes28.My uncle said that he would telephone but I _ from him so far.A.didnt hear         B.hadnt heardC.havent heard       

51、; D.wont hear29.The telephone _ four times in the last hour，and each time it _ for my roommate.A.has rung; was        B.has been ringing; isC.had rung; was        D.rang; has been30.A storm _ by a calm.A.is often be

52、ing followed      B.was often followedC.is often followed        D.has often been followed31.The pen I _ I _ is on my desk，right under my nose.A.think; lost         B.thought; had lostC

53、.think; had lost        D.thought; lost32.We could have walked to the station.It was so near.Yes，a taxi _ at all necessary.A.wasnt         B.hadnt beenC.couldnt be        D.wo

54、nt be33.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it _.A.to be broken         B.had broken intoC.was broken         D.had been broken into34.They believed that by using computers the p

55、roduction of their factory _.A.will greatly increaseB.would greatly increaseC.would be increased greatlyD.will have been greatly increased35.His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazines he _.A.had long been expectedB.had long expectedC.has long expectedD.was long expected36.Do you

56、like the new pen?Yes，it _ very well.A.is written       B.is writingC.writes        D.wrote37.Oh，its you? I didnt recognize you.I _ my hair cut，and I _ new glass.A.had; was wearing      B.have had; am wearingC.had; wore